Development Of Geographic Information System Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF A GIS-BASED SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND FLOW DISTRIBUTION

Abstract. The systematic management of irrigation operation of medium and large gravity irrigation systems (IS) significantly affects the delivery efficiency of irrigation from the source to the farm level. An interactive spatial database that integrates system data handling and irrigation distribution assessment functionality can be implemented, which has not yet been developed in existing NIS in the Philippines. This study proposes a framework model in developing a geographic information system (GIS) database for irrigation systems that integrates a GIS-based irrigation network distribution analysis model. The creation of a model framework for the development of a functional GIS-based database for IS management and flow distribution is comprised of five stages namely: (1) selection and determination of significant irrigation system data, (2) determination of required estimation parameters, (3) GIS development, (4) irrigation network distribution model development, and (5) selection of applicable water distribution assessment techniques. The GIS-based database and integrated model for irrigation provide essential data records of the irrigation system that could easily be viewed systematically and integrated into any GIS. In addition, data packages can easily be shared and run even on low-end computers. Features of the proposed irrigation model include flow volume simulation, time of delivery simulation, irrigation scheduling, remote sensing model integration for automated evapotranspiration computation, volumetric assessment, assessment of the timing of irrigation, and distribution optimization.

Quick Extraction of Joint Surface Attitudes and Slope Preliminary Stability Analysis: A New Method Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Photogrammetry and GIS Development

The present study proposes a preliminary analysis method for rock mass joint acquisition, analysis, and slope stability assessment based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to extract the joint surface attitude in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The method effectively solves the difficulties associated with the above issues. By combining terrain-following photogrammetry (TFP) and perpendicular and slope surface photogrammetry (PSSP), the three-dimensional (3D) information can be efficiently obtained along the slope characteristics’ surface, which avoids the information loss involved in traditional single-lens aerial photography and the information redundancy of the five-eye aerial photography. Then, a semi-automatic geoprocessing tool was developed within the ArcGIS Pro 3.0 environment, using Python for the extraction of joint surfaces. Multi-point fitting was used to calculate the joint surface attitude. The corresponding attitude symbols are generated at the same time. Finally, the joint surface attitude information is used to perform stereographic projection and kinematic analysis. The former can determine the dominant joint group, and the latter can obtain the probability of four types of failure, including planar sliding, wedge sliding, flexural toppling, and direct toppling. The integrated stability evaluation method studied in this paper, which combines a 3D interpretation of UAV and GIS stereographic projection statistical analysis, has the advantages of being efficient and user-friendly, and requires minimal prior knowledge. The results can aid in the geological surveys of slopes and guide engineering practices.

Development of a methodology for molecular genetic monitoring for the cholera causative agent

Background. The ongoing cholera pandemic determines the relevance of the development and improvement of methods for analysis of data on genome-wide sequencing of the cholera pathogen. This is of particular importance in the light of the challenges of import substitution of foreign products, including software.
 The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for molecular genetic monitoring for the cholera causative agent using online geographic information system (GIS) and analysis with its help of strains isolated in Russia earlier.
 Materials and methods. Data from genome-wide sequencing of 2598 toxigenic (ctxAB+tcpA+) strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor, both obtained by the authors on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform, and retrieved from the NCBI database were used in the study. The SNP analysis software was developed in the Java and Python programming languages. Cytoscape program was used to visualize the dendrogram. The development of online GIS was carried out using the programming languages HTML, JavaScript and PHP. The freely distributed Leaflet library written in JavaScript was used as the core. Maps obtained from the OpenStreetMap community were used as cartographic data.
 Results and discussion. A universal set of SNPs and software have been developed to analyze the data of genome-wide sequencing of cholera vibrio strains. It was shown that the majority of strains were distributed among several large clusters. The most closely related strains for cholera vibrions isolated in Russia since 2001 have been identified. An online GIS "Molecular genetic monitoring for V. cholerae" has been created, which allows the recognition of closely related strains directly on an electronic map.

GIS Approach for Expressing Structural Landforms: Forms, Elements, and Relationships

A structural landform is defined by its surface morphology, controlled by tectonics, lithology (arrangement and resistance), and folded structures, and demonstrated by the characteristics and relationships between geological and geomorphic elements. It is very important to use geographic information system (GIS) technology to accurately describe and express elements of structural landforms and their relationships. In this study, a GIS approach for expressing structural landforms, based on “forms–elements–relationships”, was developed. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Combined with the surface morphological characteristics, the structural landforms were abstracted into geological and geomorphic elements, and the characteristics and relationships of these elements were analyzed. (2) The elements of structural landforms and their relationships were abstracted into spatial objects and topological relationships. The spatial objects of the structural landform were designed based on the types and characteristics of structural landform elements. The topological relationships were developed based on the definition of the structural landform morphotype. (3) The structural landform markup language (SLML) method of “forms–elements–relationships” was created. (4) Two typical structural landforms, namely, Qixia Mountain and Gaoli Mountain, were used as examples to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the GIS approach for expressing structural landforms. This paper describes and expresses the “forms–elements–relationships” of structural landforms from the perspective of GIS, which is expected to promote the joint development of structural geomorphology and GIS.

Autonomous GIS: the next-generation AI-powered GIS

ABSTRACTLarge Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, demonstrate a strong understanding of human natural language and have been explored and applied in various fields, including reasoning, creative writing, code generation, translation, and information retrieval. By adopting LLM as the reasoning core, we introduce Autonomous GIS as an AI-powered geographic information system (GIS) that leverages the LLM's general abilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and coding for addressing spatial problems with automatic spatial data collection, analysis, and visualization. We envision that autonomous GIS will need to achieve five autonomous goals: self-generating, self-organizing, self-verifying, self-executing, and self-growing. We developed a prototype system called LLM-Geo using the GPT-4 API, demonstrating what an autonomous GIS looks like and how it delivers expected results without human intervention using three case studies. For all case studies, LLM-Geo returned accurate results, including aggregated numbers, graphs, and maps.. Although still in its infancy and lacking several important modules such as logging and code testing, LLM-Geo demonstrates a potential path toward the next-generation AI-powered GIS. We advocate for the GIScience community to devote more efforts to the research and development of autonomous GIS, making spatial analysis easier, faster, and more accessible to a broader audience.

Understanding the Landscape of Usability Evaluation in Geographic Information Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review comprehensively examines usability evaluation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study explores the importance of usability evaluation, common usability issues, and the role of usability evaluations in GIS design and development. The review reveals a critical need for more scientific publications of up-to-date GIS usability evaluations. It highlights the importance of usability evaluations in developing more user-friendly GIS applications. The findings underscore the need for improved user guidance and more intuitive design of GIS applications, particularly for novice users. The review also identifies several opportunities for future research, including developing usability guidelines for GIS, exploring new methods for analyzing GIS interactions and workflows, and considering GIS use over more extended periods. The findings have significant implications for GIS developers, users, and researchers, emphasizing the importance of conducting usability evaluations to enhance user satisfaction and improve task performance.

Reorienting GIScience for a data-intensive society

In this commentary, I explore the potential future for GIScience to broaden its focus from technological advancements to examining the dynamic interactions between geographic information system (GIS) technology, its users, and the places where it is being utilized. Drawing on the postphenomenological perspectives of Don Ihde and his followers, this commentary re-imagines GIScience by emphasizing its ability to shape and be shaped by human experiences and various creative forces across bodies and places. This reorientation decenters GIScience beyond the human body by also encompassing non-human entities such as animals, bots, and algorithms. In the face of a rapidly growing data-intensive society, this commentary underlines the importance of adopting a caring stance when it comes to the use and development of GIS. This perspective of care can enhance our understanding and empathy toward ourselves, the planet, and all other beings. This reorientation of GIScience plays a significant role in shaping future trajectories of GIScience and the discipline of geography, enabling us to effectively tackle the theoretical and practical challenges posed by a rapidly evolving data-intensive society.

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Rural Areas Based on Machine Learning and GIS Statistical Analysis—A Case Study of Yongtai County, Fuzhou City

With the development of machine learning and GIS (geographic information systems) technology, it is possible to combine them to mine the knowledge rules behind massive spatial data. GIS, also known as geographic information systems, is a comprehensive discipline, which combines geography and cartography and has been widely used in different fields. It is a computer system for inputting, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. This paper mainly studies the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural areas based on machine learning (ML) and GIS statistical analysis. This paper studies 21 township units in Yongtai County. In this paper, ENVI remote sensing image processing software is used to carry out the geometric correction of Landsat-8 remote sensing data. ML is multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, involving probability theory, statistics, approximation theory, convex analysis, algorithm complexity theory, and other disciplines. It is specialized in studying how computers simulate or realize human learning behavior to obtain new knowledge or skills, and reorganize existing knowledge structures to continuously improve its own performance. The purpose of using band fusion is to provide more data information for the study and improve the accuracy of land classification results. Through the extraction of evaluation elements, this paper preliminarily confirms the evaluation index object of a rural human settlement environment evaluation system from the perspective of spatial layout rationality. This paper uses a VMD-GWO-ELM-based three-stage evolutionary extreme learning machine evaluation method to simulate the model. In the same way, when the model is trained again, extra weight is given to extract the feature points to reduce the similarity. Experimental data show that GWO-SVM has good classification performance, with the cross-validation rate reaching 91.66% and the recognition rate of test samples reaching 82.41%. The results show that GIS statistics can provide a reference for environmental protection, which is conducive to land-use planning, implementation of environmental impact assessment of land-use planning, and ultimately achieving sustainable development.

Data Warehouse and Interactive Map for Promoting Cultural Heritage in Saudi Arabia Using GIS

With the urbanization of various regions, many historical sites may be misrepresented or totally neglected. As more people move to urban areas with time, heritage areas are being abandoned or ignored. The roads leading to such areas are less maintained, and they are not being adequately promoted. Over the years, the emergence and evolution of digital maps have played a significant role in tourist and cultural exploration and are important sources of information for tourists who are considering specific destinations. In this paper, the authors discuss the development and implementation of a geographic information system (GIS) in the tourism industry. They create an interactive map for tourist sites and suggest a means of retrieving tourist data. They select the Aseer region as a case study since it is rich with deep cultural heritage, comprising almost 4,000 heritage villages, and is considered to be one of the most important tourist destinations in the country. In this paper, the authors propose an initiative for the development and implementation of GIS in the tourism industry.

Developing Building Management System Framework using Web-based-GIS and BIM Integration

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information systems (GIS) are two digital system innovations advantageously applied in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sectors. GIS and BIM integration development is indispensable in building and infrastructure management. This integration promises several benefits for the operational phase of buildings and infrastructures. However, it faces challenges in data transformation and collaboration. This study proposes a framework and model for a web-based building management platform. The framework is developed by transforming BIM data into the GIS environment using the latest technology from ArcGIS. It allows data-sharing and collaboration among stakeholders, help build management, and is valuable for decision-making. The stakeholders, who do not need a BIM-GIS expert, could virtually see the report and updates of this building model every time.

Agent-based Modeling and Disaster Management

Social simulation is usually used to analyze issues in social science and to study behaviors of people inspecific events. Unlike scientific experiments in other hard sciences, which can be tested in a closed environmentor in a laboratory, social simulation applies computation methods to examine social phenomena.In urban planning, understanding stakeholders—which include residents, businesses, factories, and localgovernments—is one of the important factorsin a successful project. In many cases, these stakeholders areheterogeneous individuals who may have different behaviors. Thus, to effectively solve issues in urban planning,planners need to understand stakeholders. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is widely used to analyze behaviors ofstakeholders under implementation of urban policies, especially in the events of natural disasters, which areconsidered as complex systems. In these analyses, spatial structures of affected areason which stakeholdersare located and interact are a crucial ground of ABM. Together with the development of geographic informationsystems (GIS), the database systems and analyses of ABM become more accurate and reliable, especially onphenomena with the complexity of spatial structures.This review article explains the development and definition of ABM and introduces software and toolkitsfor building an agent-based model, as well as reviews articles and research that use ABM to analyze the issuesin theoretical testing and urban planning. Schelling’s Segregation and Hotelling’s Law models are discussed asexamples of theoretical testing while robbery and driving behavior models are selected as the implications ofABM in urban planning. This article also focuses on the use of ABM on natural disaster policies and managementusing case studies of Japan and the United Kingdom.

Spatial data acquisition for traffic lights intersections as a basis for GIS development in Timisoara, Romania

The continuous development and the rapid economic growth of Timisoara municipality (western Romania) have contributed to the increase in transport needs. The number of motor vehicles registered by natural persons (125195), and the number of motor vehicles registered by legal entities (35303), results in one motor vehicle per two persons. To these figures are added the commuters, students and tourists who come by car to the city. Thus, the main cause of road traffic is the increasing number of vehicles, day by day. In order to maximize road capacity and speed up the pedestrians’ flow, traffic lights are used at approximately every intersection. As such, the proper use of traffic signals can lead to more efficient traffic management. Due to the evolution in time, technology comes to aid precisely to solve such problems and especially to streamline road traffic issues. Thus, the article presents the workflow that includes identifying the elements of a traffic light intersection, measuring, and processing them, in order to realize a layout plan that can be introduced into a GIS system to manage traffic lights in an intelligent manner. Using GIS (Geographical Information System) technology, the problem of road traffic can be solved appropriately and efficiently. Based on the main characteristics of urban traffic and the efficient, appropriate use of traffic lights, approaching, and treating the information according to the area, its spatial and geographical location through coordinates, GIS technology can be used to solve problems given by the zonal agglomeration of heavy traffic centres, or areas with peak hours. The fluidization of the traffic can ensure better circulation and aeration of the crowded areas and the avoidance of the congestion of some central arteries, especially during rush hours.

The Process of Making, Organizing and Using Thematic Layers in GIS

s Geographic Information System (GIS), as part of the Geoinformation Sciences, deals with a complete system of creating, handling, storing, manipulating, using analysis and presenting information related to the Earth’s surface it is in the direct function of solving fundamental problems / issues arising from that process. The organization of data is according to the system of thematic data layers. The research conducted includes the formation of GIS for different types of research for the Tara Mountain area, Serbia. During these researches, various thematic data layers were created. The types of data used in the creation of these layers are: vector, attribute with organized database, raster data and digital models. The processed contents present abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic elements of the real environment. The paper presents specific indicators created in the process of GIS development. Qualitative, quantitative and visual representation of the real environment was achieved. The results of multicriteria thematic and topological analyzes are also presented. System decisioning support is achieved.

Spatial analysis model for traffic accident-prone roads classification: a proposed framework

<span id="docs-internal-guid-9754d3d8-7fff-a7d2-6605-1c8f8c5a707a"><span>The classification method in the spatial analysis modeling based on the multi-criteria parameter is currently widely used to manage geographic information systems (GIS) software engineering. The accuracy of the proposed model will play an essential role in the successful software development of GIS. This is related to the nature of GIS used for mapping through spatial analysis. This paper aims to propose a framework of spatial analysis using a hybrid estimation model-based on a combination of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) (MCDM-ANNs) classification. The proposed framework is based on the comparison of existing frameworks through the concept of a literature review. The model in the proposed framework will be used for future work on the traffic accident-prone road classification through testing with a private or public spatial dataset. Model validation testing on the proposed framework uses metaheuristic optimization techniques. Policymakers can use the results of the model on the proposed framework for initial planning developing GIS software engineering through spatial analysis models.</span></span>

Geographic Information Systems as a tool of historical research

With the development of computers and digital technologies in the second half of the XX century, new tools, and methods for analyzes appear. Among them are Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which benefit various fields including History. The analytical part of the GIS differs from classical Cartography concentrated on presentation information, and while regular maps are still developed, the amount of spatial analyzes rises. The Historical GIS (HGIS) operates as an interdisciplinary subfield using the historical approach to data collection and reviewing and the geographical methods of data processing and visualization. GIS software is a powerful tool to build and analyze spatial databases, yet it has its limitations and requirements for data. The archival sources are in analog form, with different levels of accuracy, and often incomplete, which calls for additional effort in data processing and reviewing, and information cross-checking. Overcoming those challenges, the outcome of HGIS is significant and enforces historical research. The following paper describes the GIS as a tool in historical studies. It outlines the development of GIS and HGIS and their origins in spatial analyzes conducted manually, their key features, functions, requirements, and challenges. Later the paper presents the practical application of HGIS, on an example of the research project, that analyzes the morphological development of post-socialist cities. By summarizing the methodology used to build a GIS database points out the process of data collection, reviewing, and processing. It describes the main cartographic sources and their characteristics that outline the challenges in using HGIS.

Safety Hazards Identification of Construction Site Layout Based on Geographic Information System (GIS)

In the world's gross domestic product, the construction industry accounts for about 10% and plays a significant role in the eastern and western economies. Hectic places, unique characteristics, and an ever-changing work environment and its dynamic nature make construction sites challenging to predict before construction or during the life cycle project. The physical and psychological problems of construction workers caused by the construction site's poor safety, economically, significantly affect the project with a significant increase in costs. This study aims to identify occupational safety hazards by proposing occupational safety hazards in predicting worker safety hazards at construction sites. In this research, GIS is used to present the relationship between temporary facilities and safety issues at construction sites to improve the accuracy of identifying work accidents. The data collection stages were carried out through a location survey, geographic spatial, and interviews by SHE managers on a high-rise building construction project. The site layout's dynamic safety assessment is a step in GIS development in obtaining the safety zone accuracy around the temporary construction facility. It was found that there is a combination of GIS capabilities in the accuracy of site layout, which can significantly increase safety at the construction site to obtain recommendations for safety measures and minimize the occurrence of work accident fatalities through preventive actions.

GIS Developments for Ecosystem-based Marine Spatial Planning and the Challenges Faced in Indonesia

Aiming to lessen degradations and effects on marine ecosystems, Marine Spatial Planning is used as a management method with a purpose to help lead the development and used in the marine environment. The stages of the planning are collection, management, and analysis of spatial data, and also decision support systems. This method requires tools to be able to achieve the goals effectively. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing can efficiently and effectively be used to access and summarize spatial data into information forms to evaluate the Marine Spatial Planning projects. GIS and remote sensing obviously have an essential function in terms of its opportunities and its capabilities for development and projections in the future. This review is intended to produce critical description on the study of GIS development for Marine Spatial Planning. Furthermore, this review is intended to foresee the challenges faced in its implementation in Indonesia.

Development of GIS for Buildings in the Customary Village of Minangkabau Koto Gadang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Indonesia aims to strengthen its local regions and villages. This has led to the encouragement of smart village development through several forms of assistance, including Information Technology (IT) services from the government. Koto Gadang, one of the many Minangkabau customary villages in West Sumatra, has been used as a model for the development of an IT service that can support tourism known as a Web- and mobile-based geographic information system (GIS) for buildings (GB) in order to map and visualize buildings and their inhabitants. This paper reports the development of the GB. This study takes the form of a literature review, a survey, data collection, and software development. The results of the literature review and survey were used as the basis for software development. Aerial photographs of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), mosques, offices, schools, and health service centers, as well as residential buildings, were taken using a drone, while attribute data were collected directly by visiting the buildings. The users of the GB were divided into two groups: visitors and village officers. Moreover, there confidentiality was maintained for all the data provided, so the visitors were only allowed to search for buildings (MSMEs, offices, mosques, schools, and health centers) based on certain criteria, view locations, found information, and survey routes, while village officers were allowed to collect data on residents, buildings, and houses, and also search people’s homes. Furthermore, in situations where a visitor needs to find a resident’s house, the village officers are required to provide this assistance. These provisions were applied in the GB and implemented using the PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, PHP, CSS Bootstrap, jQuery, and Basic4Android, created according to the needs of the Koto Gadang smart customary village. The GB allows the village officers to better understand and monitor all the buildings, houses, and residents in the village and could also encourage many travelers to visit and see historic buildings and shop for embroidery and silver crafts.

Geographic Information System Technology: Review of the Challenges for Its Establishment as a Major Asset for Disaster and Emergency Management in Poland.

Technical and technological progress in the 21st century, especially emerging geographic information system (GIS) technology, offers new and unprecedented opportunities to counteract the impact of crisis situations and emergencies. Computerization and development of GIS enabled the digital visualization of space for interactive analysis of multiple data in the form of models or simulations. Additionally, computerization, which gives rise to a new quality of database management, requires continuous modernization of computer hardware and software. This study examines selected examples of the implications and impact of the GIS commonly used in Poland.

COVID-19: Challenges to GIS with Big Data

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 100,000 people infected and thousands of deaths. Currently, the number of infections and deaths is still increasing rapidly. COVID-19 seriously threatens human health, production, life, social functioning and international relations. In the fight against COVID-19, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and big data technologies have played an important role in many aspects, including the rapid aggregation of multi-source big data, rapid visualization of epidemic information, spatial tracking of confirmed cases, prediction of regional transmission, spatial segmentation of the epidemic risk and prevention level, balancing and management of the supply and demand of material resources, and social-emotional guidance and panic elimination, which provided solid spatial information support for decision-making, measures formulation, and effectiveness assessment of COVID-19 prevention and control. GIS has developed and matured relatively quickly and has a complete technological route for data preparation, platform construction, model construction, and map production. However, for the struggle against the widespread epidemic, the main challenge is finding strategies to adjust traditional technical methods and improve speed and accuracy of information provision for social management. At the data level, in the era of big data, data no longer come mainly from the government but are gathered from more diverse enterprises. As a result, the use of GIS faces difficulties in data acquisition and the integration of heterogeneous data, which requires governments, businesses, and academic institutions to jointly promote the formulation of relevant policies. At the technical level, spatial analysis methods for big data are in the ascendancy. Currently and for a long time in the future, the development of GIS should be strengthened to form a data-driven system for rapid knowledge acquisition, which signifies that GIS should be used to reinforce the social operation parameterization of models and methods, especially when providing support for social management.