Geographical Distribution Of Economic Activity Research Articles

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE CENTER- PERIPHERY MODEL IN EUROPE

This paper investigates the effect of spatial divisions and their demarcations on the formation of networks and the inadequacies of specific policy implementations in mitigating marginalization processes. Despite the controversies surrounding numerous theoretical premises, the center-periphery model remains widely accepted. Implications of these ideas by synthesizing critical findings from a vast array of prior literature using a comprehensive bibliometric analysis have been clarified. Innovation and a readjustment of regional policy are required to address the disparities between the center and the periphery. Regional development policies of the European Union aim to reconcile the socioeconomic chasm between prosperous and peripheral regions. The localization theory of regional development provides insights into the spatial distribution of firms, the dispersion of economic prosperity, and the potential for future growth. These insights provide valuable perspectives on regional policies and the factors that influence the geographical distribution of economic activity.

Spatial Analysis of Economic Activities as a Tool for Effective Urban Policies

The economic activities of each city greatly shape and predict their development as well as make them more competitive both locally and globally. In the last two decades, as part of the international economic crisis, Greece has been at the center of changes that have resulted in the closure of thousands of businesses. This significantly affected Greek cities by changing their economic profile and robustness via the spatial distribution of their economic activities. Economic geography, as a sector that examines the geographical distribution of economic activities, is an important methodological base for analysing business locations and urban spatial processes. This paper aims to analyse, through a combination of economic geography theories and spatial analysis methods, the spatial patterns of economic activities and to identify urban areas that are resilient in difficult times of crisis. Thus cities that have the ability, via the proposed analysis/methodological framework, to control and evaluate their economic profile and prospects, can be transformed into smart cities by adopting ad hoc urban renaissance and resilient policies.

New evidence on measuring the geographical concentration of economic activities

AbstractSpatial interactions among regional units may influence the geographical distribution of economic activities. Many traditional measures of geographical concentration fail in capturing this aspect, being insensitive to permutations of the spatial position of regions. This paper proposes an approach to the measurement of geographical concentration of economic activities that accounts for spatial interactions among regions. The locational Gini is split into spatial and non‐spatial components, so that a new interpretation of the index is presented. The measure is applied to evaluate the geographical concentration of different economic sectors for 1,323 NUTS 3 regions in the European Union over the period 2001–2018.

A gridded establishment dataset as a proxy for economic activity in China

Measuring the geographical distribution of economic activity plays a key role in scientific research and policymaking. However, previous studies and data on economic activity either have a coarse spatial resolution or cover a limited time span, and the high-resolution characteristics of socioeconomic dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we construct a dataset on the economic activity of mainland China, the gridded establishment dataset (GED), which measures the volume of establishments at a 0.01° latitude by 0.01° longitude scale. Specifically, our dataset captures the geographically based opening and closing of approximately 25.5 million firms that registered in mainland China over the period 2005–2015. The characteristics of fine granularity and long-term observability give the GED a high application value. The dataset not only allows us to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of the establishments, urban vibrancy, and socioeconomic activity, but also helps us uncover the fundamental principles underlying the dynamics of industrial and economic development.

Does Industrial Agglomeration Affect the Accuracy of Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts?

In China, the unbalanced geographical distribution of economic activities is an important feature of modern economic growth. Accordingly, a large number of industrial clusters characterized by industrial clusters have emerged, making important contributions to regional economic development. This article uses 2003-2017 Chinese A-share listed companies as a sample to study the impact of industrial agglomeration on analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy. This paper finds that industrial agglomeration can significantly improve the accuracy of analysts’ earnings forecasts by reducing the in- herent mechanism of information asymmetry, which is more obvious in state-owned enterprises. This paper expands the relevant research on industrial agglomeration and analyst forecasting, and proves that industrial agglomeration improves the information environment of the capital market and enables analysts to better play the role of information intermediaries.

Geographical Pattern of Economic Activities: an Evidence from Large and Medium Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia

The aim of this paper is to analyze geographical pattern of economic activities from an evidence of large and medium manufacturing industry in Indonesia. By utilizing data for manufacturing industry for the 2010–2015, the exploratory spatial data analysis is applied to identify geographical distribution of economic activities. The result indicates that the spatial distributions of manufacturing industries are unevenly distributed indicating the clustered phenomenon pattern. A high concentration of manufacturing industries is depicted in several provinces, as well as in Java Island. The Moran’s I tend to decrease along the period of study. From the LISA, is apparent that there was a statistically significant high clustering. Only some provinces indicate significant clustering, such as in west Java, Banten, DKI Jakarta, and Central Java. The result of LISA indicates a positive spatial autocorrelation in research area revealing the existent cluster of economic activities. This paper attempts to contribute theoretical thought as well as empirical notes on spatial concentration in Indonesia. The researchers utilize spatial approach by taking spatial dependence among region units explicitly into account in peeling phenomenon of geographical concentration of manufacturing industry in Indonesia.

Natural resources, economic growth and geography

Worldwide materials extraction increased by a factor of 8.4 over the course of the 20th century. In the meantime, global GDP and population increased by factors of about 22 and 4, respectively. This reveals that one of the key factors driving the increase in the exploitation of the resources was the growth in world population, although mitigated by the reduction in the intensity in the use of the resources in production. In this paper, we present a model that combines the theory of endogenous growth and the economy of natural resources, but taking into account the geographical distribution of economic activity. Indeed, the New Economic Geography provides insights about two elements that, although speeding up GDP growth, can curb the pressure on natural resources, namely the reduction in transports costs and a boost to pace of innovation.

The foundations of balanced regional development policy: The case of Tunisia

Tunisian’s regional development policy has failed to reduce regional disparities and has been unable to support regions that are lagging behind economically. This has resulted in under-used economic potential andhigh social unrest. Understanding the regional development process requires a thorough knowledge of regional economic dynamics in terms of geographical distribution of economic activities. In the Tunisian context, regional development policies have not been up to the scale of the imbalance. Growing regional disparities and low density of economic activities in the interior regions of the country have raised an important question about the foundations of balanced regional development policy. The results indicate significant sectoral disparities between coastal and interior regions. Thus, this article outlines the role that public authorities can play in order to implement policies that correct spatial inequalities and assist regions that have been less favored by nature and history.

Cities on Pre-Columbian Roads: Long-Run Persistence of Geography in Brazil

To what extent features of pre-colonial societies determine the geographical distribution of economic activity in the Americas? This paper provides evidence that modern cities in southern Brazil concentrate around a pre-Columbian road. Historical accounts suggest that the Peabiru, as this road was called, was an important factor in explaining the location of the first European settlements, so this concentration is suggestive of path dependence. In order to separate the causal effects of the road from any geographical fundamentals that could be correlated with it, I use the XVIIth century abandonment of Spanish settlements after a slave raid as an event that could have interrupted persistence. I show that closeness to the Peabiru is associated with higher population density and urbanization only in the region that was never abandoned; there is no effect in the area where the Spanish settlement ocurred. The results are consistent with an interpretation that the long-run effects on urbanization are due to path dependence from the pre-colonial distribution of economic activity.

STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND INTERREGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES, 1975–2009

The Philippines has undergone gradual, but substantial, changes in industrial structure over the past few decades, and these have been associated with changes in the geographical distribution of economic activity. This study analyzes changes in the determinants of regional income inequality in the Philippines associated with these structural changes from 1975 to 2009. This is accomplished by using the bidimensional decomposition method. The reduction of the disparity between the National Capital Region (NCR) and the rest of Luzon is essential to decreasing Luzon's high within‐region inequality and overall interregional inequality. However, this is not easy to accomplish, as service sectors have enjoyed agglomeration economies that the NCR has nurtured under economic liberalization and globalization. Decentralization has been one way to ameliorate the disparity, but its effects are ambiguous. Another option would be to relocate some manufacturing activities to areas outside the NCR where they could enjoy localization economies.

Migration of businesses in the case of the Morvian-Seleian Region

This article deals with the assessment of the status and development of the distribution of economic activities in the Moravian-Silesian Region (MSR) in 1999-2009. The aim of this paper is to research the development of the geographical distribution of economic activities in relation to migration processes of these activities. In the case of this study, we focus on the monitoring of changes, particularly in the manufacturing industry, which is currently undergoing a process of deindustrialization. Migratory population movements are very important objects of interest for demographers. In fact, it is, together with the natural movement of the population (births, deaths), a key variable used for the description and prediction of demographic structures. These demographic indicators can be easily applied to monitor the development of economic activities in terms of their establishment, extinction, and movement in the study area.

Expectations and industry location: a discrete time dynamical analysis

The new economic geography (NEG) aims to explain long-term patterns in the spatial allocation of industrial activities. It stresses that endogenous economic processes may enlarge small historic differences leading to quite different regional patterns—history matters for the long-term geographical distribution of economic activities. A pivotal element is that productive factors move to another region whenever the anticipated remuneration is higher in that region. Given the long-term nature of NEG analyses and the crucial role of expectations, it is astonishing that most of the existing models assume only naive or myopic expectations. However, a recent stream of the literature in behavioral and experimental economics shows that agents often use expectational heuristics, such as trend extrapolating and trend reverting rules. We introduce such expectations formation hypotheses into a NEG model formulated in discrete time. This modification leads to a system of two nonlinear difference equations (corresponding, in the language of dynamical systems theory, to a 2-dimensional piecewise smooth map) and thus enriches the possible dynamic patterns: with trend extrapolating (reverting) the symmetric equilibrium is less (more) stable; and it may lose stability only via a flip bifurcation (or also via a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation) giving rise to a period-doubling cascade (or also to quasi-periodic orbits). In both cases, complex behavior is possible; multistability, that is, the coexistence of locally stable equilibria, is pervasive; and border-collision bifurcations are also allowed. In this sense, our analysis corroborates some of the basic insights of the NEG.

Societal Transformation and Regional Differentiation in Czechia: Developments in the Distribution of Job Opportunities and Population

The paper focuses on consequences of societal transformation that result in changes in regional development tendencies, during the last two decades. It emphasizes early and more dynamic changes in the geographical distribution of economic activities as compared to population distribution. In spite of the time delay involved in population distribution dynamics, their transformation tends to lead to integration and the lower order processes of changes show a similar orientation. Divergent processes clearly dominated the last two decades. The article specifies basic differences in terms of the inequality of distributions of the assessed processes as well as degrees of changeability. First, there is an important difference between territorial and social differences, or inequalities. A secondary distinction is established between geographical scale levels, on the one hand, and the progress of functional subsystems (residential places – job locations – economic performance, etc.), on the other. Major factors conditioning regional differentiation are indicated. In particular, the attractiveness of a given geographical macrolocation and the educational level of its population appear to be critical conditions.

Regional Specialization and Industrial Concentration Patterns in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry: An Assessment for the 1980–2000 Period1

Previous studies on geographical distribution of economic activity in Turkey demonstrate that firms are localized in major metropolitan areas as well as a set of emerging regions. The aim of the paper is to complement the findings of the studies on regional and industrial concentration in Turkey's manufacturing industry by exploring whether regional specialization and industrial concentration patterns changed during the 1980–2000 period. The paper further aims to explore the driving forces of industrial concentration in Turkey's manufacturing industry, particularly during Turkey's economic integration process that started with trade liberalization after 1980 and further developed with the Customs Union in 1996. Regional specialization and industrial concentration are measured by GINI indices Turkey's NUTS-2 regions at the four-digit level for the years between 1980 and 2000. To investigate which variables determine industry concentration, systematic relation between the characteristics of the industry and industrial concentration is tested. Following the method proposed by Paluzie, Pons and Tirado, a panel regression equation is estimated, where the dependent variable is the Gini concentration index and the independent variables are the variables that represent the characteristics of the sectors that follow the predictions of classical trade theory, new trade theory and new economic geography. The major finding of the study is that during 1980–2000, Turkey's regions became more specialized and industry became more concentrated. Increases in the average values of regional specialization and industrial concentration support the prediction developed by Krugman hypothesis that regions become more specialized and industries become more concentrated with economic integration. In exploring the driving forces of industrial concentration, the findings demonstrate that firms tend to cluster in regions where there are economies of scale.

Research and Development, Regional Spillovers and the Location of Economic Activities

I present an endogenous growth model that studies the effects of local inter‐industry and intra‐industry knowledge spillovers in R&D on the allocation of economic activities between two regions. The equilibrium is the result of a tension between a centripetal force, the cost of transporting goods from one region to the other, and a centrifugal force, the cost increase associated with life in a more crowded area. The presence of local knowledge spillovers, which determines the concentration of the R&D activities within one region, also introduces a further centripetal force that makes a symmetric allocation of the economic activities impossible. The concentration of R&D fosters the equilibrium rate of growth of the economy with respect to the case of no‐integration, by increasing the positive effect of local knowledge spillovers. Contrary to the findings of the majority of models in the new economic geography literature, within this framework a reduction in transport costs may be associated with a more even geographical distribution of economic activities.