Geographic Concentration Of Industries Research Articles

An Empirical Research of Industry Geographic Concentration and Trade in Guangxi of China

An Empirical Research of Industry Geographic Concentration and Trade in Guangxi of China

Geographical analysis of the natural components of industry in Nineveh Governorate

Industry plays a key role in development, as it helps comprehensive development in multiple aspects, as it works to achieve economic intertwining between activities. The industrial development that swept the world is one of the most important reasons for the availability of industrial components represented in the natural, human and economic components, as some regions are rich in resources that work on the development of industry in the third world, in which there are resources that we need to exploit in industry to increase the value of GDP to raise the standard of living and work on well-being of societies in developing countries. The research aims to study the relationship between the components of industry in Nineveh Governorate, the geographical concentration of industry in the governorate and its repercussions on the events of industrial development and the revival of the industry's contribution to the national income The study adopted the descriptive method and the inductive method. The study concluded that Nineveh Governorate possesses natural and human components that qualify it for industrial development, as it possesses different types of rocks and is rich in different types of minerals. of resources. The study recommended the necessity of coordination between industry requirements of agricultural, mineral, animal and forest raw materials in a way that contributes to reducing the cost of production, as well as establishing new industries in areas where there are no industries and the elements of industry are available.

Geographic concentration of industries in Jiangsu, China: a spatial point pattern analysis using micro-geographic data

Detection of geographic concentration of economic activities at different spatial scales has long been of interest to researchers from spatial economics, regional science and economic geography. Using a unique dataset from the first industrial land use survey of its kind in China, this research is the first effort attempting to explore spatial distribution particularly geographic concentration of industries in China using firm-level data. Distance-based functions and spatial cluster analysis are employed to detect the spatial scales as well as the geographic locations of industrial concentration. The results indicate that four of the five selected industries are in general concentrated in southern Jiangsu at small spatial scales (less than 5 km), while the chemical industry demonstrates an overall spatial dispersion pattern relative to the distribution of all other industries. Most industrial clusters have a radius of less than 2.5 km containing 20–60% of enterprises and 60–86% of employees from each selected industry, with larger clusters showing relatively weaker concentration. This research demonstrates the connections and complementarity of different approaches, complementing previous studies that use distance-based functions with spatial scan statistics.

What Geographical Concentration of Industries in the Tunisian Sahel? Empirical Evidence Using Distance‐Based Measures

AbstractThis paper examines the location patterns of manufacturing industries within the most developed regions of Tunisia, the Sahel. We use detailed micro‐geographic data and the distance‐based approach of Duranton and Overman. While the textile industry shows a high degree of geographical concentration, the high‐tech industries are also among the most concentrated, meaning that the Tunisian Sahel gathers a specialised pool in these industries. We further analyse the location patterns of manufacturing sub‐sectors: totally and partially exporting plants and domestic, mixed and foreign plants and show that totally exporting plants and foreign and mixed plants exhibit strong geographical concentration.

Agglomeration and trade performance – evidence from the Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry

Geographical concentration of industries tends to be important for firms that depend on innovation and are intensive in the use of specialized technology and labor. In this paper, we investigate the interaction between agglomeration and trade performance in the Norwegian aquaculture industry. We include a variable for regional clustering in a standard gravity model and estimate its impact on different margins of trade. When controlling for destination country, we find that firms that operate in clusters obtain higher export prices and ship more frequently and in smaller bulks. For a highly perishable product like fresh salmon, this may suggest that firms in clusters are served by more efficient supply chains bringing the product to market with timely and efficient logistics.

Economic Sustainability in a Wider Context: Case Study of Considerable ICT Sector Sub-Divisions

This paper situates the process of economic sustainability in the wider context of regional specialization and geographic concentration. The main object is to analyze the implications of increasing importance of sustainable development. In this context, the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is at the same time a part of the problem and solution. The focus of this paper is also the ICT firms themselves. This research aimed to explore the ICT firms operating in the ICT sector and focused more on the ICT firms’ sustainability in connection with industry geographic concentration and regional specialization. The economic sustainability (evaluated by sustainability sub-index) and geographical and regional analysis were studied for 62 Computer Programming and 63 Information Services sub-divisions of the ICT sector. The results confirm a strong correlation between economic sustainability and firm geographic concentration. Results show that a worsening value of economic sustainability does not always lead to the worsening conditions in the industry and there is a strong relationship between the economic sustainability and regional analysis.

A Statistical Analysis of Industrial Penetration and Internet Intensity in Taiwan

This paper is the first to investigate the effect of industrial penetration (geographic concentration of industries) and internet intensity (the proportion of enterprises that uses the internet) for Taiwan manufacturing firms, and analyses whether the relationships are substitutes or complements. The sample observations are based on a unique set of data, namely 153,081 manufacturing plants, and covers 26 two-digit industry categories and 358 geographical townships in Taiwan. The Heckman sample selection model is used to accommodate sample selectivity for unobservable data for firms that use the internet. The empirical results from Heckman’s two-stage estimation show that: (1) a higher degree of industrial penetration will not affect the probability that firms will use the internet, but it will affect the total expenditure on internet intensity; (2) for two-digit SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) industries, industrial penetration generally decreases the total expenditure on internet intensity; and, (3) industrial penetration and internet intensity are substitutes.

A Statistical Analysis of Industrial Penetration and Internet Intensity in Taiwan

This paper investigates the effect of industrial penetration (geographic concentration of industries) and internet intensity (the proportion of enterprises that use the internet) for Taiwan manufacturing firms, and analyses whether the relationships are substitutes or complements. The sample observations are based on 153,081 manufacturing plants, and covers 26 two-digit industry categories and 358 geographical townships in Taiwan. The Heckman selection model is used to accommodate sample selectivity for unobservable data for firms that use the internet. The empirical results from two-stage estimation show that: (1) a higher degree of industrial penetration will not affect the probability that firms will use the internet, but will affect the total expenditure on internet intensity; (2) for two-digit SIC industries, industrial penetration generally decreases the total expenditure on internet intensity; and (3) industrial penetration and internet intensity are substitutes.

The World Is Not Yet Flat: Transport Costs Matter!

The paper provides evidence of the effects of changes in transport costs on the geographic concentration of industries. The analysis uses micro-level commodity flow data and micro-geographic plant-level data to construct industry-specific ad valorem trucking rates and continuous measures of geographic concentration. The findings show that, controlling for international trade exposure and input-output links, increasing trucking rates are significantly associated with declining geographic concentration. The effect is large: changes in trucking rates explain around 20 percent of the observed decline in geographic concentration of Canadian manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2008.

Geographical Concentration of Industries in China

This paper examines the micro foundations of geographical concentration of Chinese industries using the industry data. The results indicate that China's industry agglomeration degree and concentration degree both go down after rise first; The steel industry and petrochemical industry already show a downward tendency besides the Resource based industry still maintains a high level on the whole; the geographical concentration of the resource intensive industry, technology–capital intensive industry and labor intensive industry are significantly different.

Job Categories and Geographic Identity

Many previous explanations which explain geographic concentration of industries propose what I refer to as supply-side advantages to firms which co-locate geographically. I, instead, suggest an alternative, demand-side mechanism. I argue that in labor markets, particular types of work become associated with specific geographical locations. This association becomes a categorical stereotype – which leads buyers in markets to prefer sellers from particular geographic regions, merely because they seem more legitimate. I test this theory in an online marketplace for freelancing services – a market which should not exhibit effects of alternative, more economically based, agglomeration mechanisms. I find that the greater the association between a particular job category and a geographic location – what I term geographic identity – the more likely any freelancer from that country will win a job in that category. This effect holds net of other explanations such as experience and price.

Trade integration, industry concentration and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows

This paper examines the pattern of industry location in Central European Economies during transition with a view of determining whether the geographical concentration of industries has increased, which factors determine location and, finally, whether industrial policies have played a role.

Regional specialization and industrial concentration in Thailand, 1996 - 2005

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the changes in the industrial and spatial concentration that occurred in Thailand from 1996 to 2005. Based on the data from the Department of Industrial Work of the Ministry of Industry and using the Hirschman-Herfindahl index of concentration, the geographical concentration of industries in the study regions was measured. The Hirschman-Herfindahl index has the useful property of being decomposable into sources of changes in the concentration. Moreover, location quotient was also used to measure the regional specialization of the manufacturing industries in Thailand. Results of the analysis indicated that from 1996 to 2005, the decrease in the spatial concentration of manufacturing as well as in the regional specialization in manufacturing in Thailand remained stable to a lesser extent. The results have also indicated that most factories continue to be concentrated in Bangkok and its neighboring areas. It can therefore be best argued that in the case of Thailand, the effect of its trade liberalization policy has been more powerful than its industrial decentralization policy.

Market Segmentation and the Location of Production Activities

This paper examines whether local protection has hindered China's market integration process using a firm-level data set. Our empirical results show that an industry's geographic concentration level is negatively correlated with its labour productivity while its concentration at plant level is not. Since labour productivity is strongly positively correlated with an industry's profitability, this evidence supports Bai et al.'s (2004) argument that local government has a stronger incentive to protect highly profitable industries. We also find that a province's market shares of its protected industries grow faster than other industries, which also supports the argument that local protection slows down China's market integration process.

Geographic concentration of innovative activities in Germany

The geographic concentration of industries has attracted much attention in recent economic and geographic literature. One mechanism employed to explain the emergence and comparative advantage of industrial agglomerations is based on the relationship between industrial agglomeration and local knowledge production and diffusion, and the resulting innovation activities. This paper analyses this relationship by identifying geographic concentrations of innovation activities and examining different causes for the emergence of these concentrations. The paper applies different concentration measures to patent data for German regions. We analyse 43 technological fields separately to identify which of these technologies tend to cluster in geographic space. The results are discussed in light of theoretical predictions of why specific technological fields concentrate while others do not. These explanations include the concentration of industrial activities, the role of dominant firms, dependence on scientific knowledge, and local interactions.

Intra- and Inter-industry Externalities from Foreign Direct Investment in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector: New Evidence from Mexican Regions

Summary This paper presents new empirical evidence on externalities from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in several Mexican regions in the early 1990s. The main findings are threefold. First, the presence of FDI creates negative externalities within industries and positive externalities between industries through backward linkages. Second, FDI-externalities are stimulated by large technological differences between FDI and Mexican firms and by geographic concentration of industries. Third, we identify a substantial level of regional heterogeneity of the externality impact of FDI, in line with the notion that FDI may have contributed to processes of changing regional prosperity under trade liberalization. The findings also imply that maquiladora firms in the border states are generating positive externalities.

City-Industry Agglomeration and Changes in the Geographic Concentration of Industry

This paper investigates the effects of industry agglomeration on growth in U.S. metropolitan areas, and then examine whether these agglomeration effects contribute to changes in the geographic concentration of industry. Study results suggest that a high localization of industry, measured using location quotients, leads to a decrease in city-industry growth as indicated by the net change in establishment counts. Alternatively, large initial city-industry size is associated with an increase in the change in the number of establishments above or below what is explained by overall metropolitan area growth. Both of these agglomeration effects contribute to a greater dispersion of industry.

Economic Growth of Agglomerations and Geographic Concentration of Industries: Evidence for West Germany

Geppert K., Gornig M. and Werwatz A. (2008) Economic growth of agglomerations and geographic concentration of industries: evidence for West Germany, Regional Studies. During the two decades between 1980 and 2000, there was no clear overall trend of economic convergence or divergence among West German regions. However, a number of regions that were already rich – generally large agglomerations – had succeeded in further distancing themselves from the rest. At the same time, knowledge-intensive services are identified as industries whose geographical concentration was initially high and continued to increase. Logistic and non-parametric regression estimates show that the higher a region's share of employment in these service sectors, the greater the probability that a region is classified as being rich and becoming even richer. Geppert K., Gornig M. et Werwatz A. (2008) La croissance économique des agglomérations et la concentration géographique industrielle: des preuves provenant de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest, Regional Studies. Pendant deux décennies, à savoir de 1980 à l'an 2000, aucune tendance globale ni à la convergence, ni à la divergence économiques parmi les régions de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest n'est évidente. Cependant, bon nombre de régions riches – en règle générale de grandes agglomérations–ont réussi à s'éloigner davantage des autres. En même temps, on identifie des services à intensité de connaissance dont la concentration géographique était élevée au départ et a continué d'augmenter. Des estimations de régression logistique et non paramétrique montrent que plus la part de l'emploi dans ces services s'avère élevée, plus il est probable qu'une région se classe comme riche et en voie de s'enrichir. Convergence régionale Services à intensité de connaissance Liens locaux spécifiques à une industrie Régressions non-paramétriques Geppert K., Gornig M. und Werwatz A. (2008) Wirtschaftswachstum von Ballungsgebieten und geografische Konzentration von Branchen: Belege für Westdeutschland, Regional Studies. In den zwei Jahrzehnten von 1980 bis 2000 gab es keinen klaren Gesamttrend der ökonomischen Konvergenz oder Divergenz unter den westdeutschen Regionen. Allerdings gelang es mehreren bereits wohlhabenden Regionen–in der Regel großen Ballungsgebieten –, sich noch weiter vom Rest zu distanzieren. Gleichzeitig identifizieren wir wissensintensive Dienstleistungen als Branchen, deren geografische Konzentration schon zu Beginn hoch lag und weiter gewachsen ist. In logistischen und nichtparametrischen Regressionsschätzungen zeigt sich, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Region als wohlhabend klassifiziert wird und noch wohlhabender wird, umso höher liegt, je größer in dieser Region der Anteil der Arbeitnehmer in diesen Dienstleistungssektoren ausfällt. Regionale Konvergenz Wissensintensive Dienstleistungen Branchenspezifische lokale Verknüpfungen Logistische Regressionen Nichtparametrische Regressionen Geppert K., Gornig M. y Werwatz A. (2008) Crecimiento económico de aglomeraciones y concentraciones geográficas de las industrias. El ejemplo de Alemania del Oeste, Regional Studies. Durante las dos décadas de 1980 a 2000, no existía una tendencia general clara de la convergencia o divergencia económica entre las regiones de Alemania del Oeste. Sin embargo, varias regiones que ya eran ricas –generalmente grandes aglomeraciones– llegaron a distanciarse aún más del resto. Al mismo tiempo, identificamos los servicios con alto nivel de conocimientos como industrias cuya concentración geográfica fue alta desde el principio y siguió creciendo. Los cálculos logísticos y de regresión no paramétrica indican que cuanto mayor es la participación de empleo en estos sectores de servicio de una región, más probabilidades tiene una región de ser clasificada como rica y de aumentar su riqueza. Convergencia regional Servicios con alto nivel de conocimientos Vínculos locales específicos para la industria Regresiones logísticas Regresiones no paramétricas

Industry localisation and earnings inequality: Evidence from U.S. manufacturing

Abstract. While the productivity gains associated with the geographic concentration of industry (i.e., localisation) are by now well‐documented, little work has considered how those gains are distributed across individual workers. This article offers evidence on the connection between total employment and the relative wage earnings of high‐ and low‐skill workers (i.e., inequality) within two‐digit manufacturing industries across the states, and a collection of metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 1970 and 1990. Using measures of overall, between‐education‐group and residual inequality, I find that wage dispersion falls significantly as industry employment expands.

Optimizing Urban Spatial Structure of Lanzhou Based on Geographic Concentration Method of Industries

Geographic concentration of industries is the regionalized distribution of some industries in certain areas, which focuses on the ratio of a certain industry to the whole industries (He and Liu, 2006). In this paper we explore the improved M function of geographic concentration that adds the parameter of the number of firms according to the definition of geographic concentration of industries. The spatial distribution of the main manufacturing industries of Lanzhou urban area is evaluated based on it. The results of the evaluation imply that the spatial distribution of the main manufacturing industries is more concentrated than that of others in Lanzhou and it can absorb lots of labor forces. But the incidence, competition ability and density of the distribution of enterprises are different for each single sector, and enterprises with different production features are located closely. And three main problems are discovered. Finally, three countermeasures are put forward: locating the industrial enterprises in urban areas in a proper way through planning and policies; adjusting the industrial structure of the inner city; strengthening the local rearrangement of the existing industrial concentration areas.