Geographic Scenario Research Articles

Design and Implementation of a Geographic Scenario Computation System Based on Knowledge Base

Abstract. The promotion and expansion of Geographic Information System (GIS) applications have increased the complexity of geocomputation. The concept of a geographic scene, which encompasses both geographic entities and complex spatial interaction relationships, serves as a means of organizing and expressing geographic information. Existing methods of organizing and computing geographic scenes often focus on single geometric elements or single-category objects, neglecting the complexity of the geocomputation process and leading to biased results. To address this issue, this study designs and implements a geographic scenario computation system based on WebGIS to overcome the lack of integration of knowledge elements in traditional geographic scenario computation methods. The system consists of a data management module, a geographic scenario visualization module, and a geographic scenario computation module. It not only realizes the visualization of geographic scenarios but also introduces a knowledge base into the geographic scenario computation process, enabling accurate management of geographic scenarios. This paper uses a farmland scenario in Shandong Province, China, as a case study to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the system. The application of this system provides new technical support for the computation process of geographic scenarios, promoting the refinement and intelligent development of geographic scenario management. This method can also be applied to similar applications of intelligent sensors and the Internet of Things in the organization and management of sensing information in the future.

Evaluation of Trajectory and Destination Prediction Models: A Systematic Classification and Analysis of Methodologies and Recent Results

Predicting trajectories and destinations is of considerable relevance in the context of urban mobility, as it can be useful for suggesting detours, avoiding congestion, and optimizing people's commutes. Therefore, this research performs a classification and analysis of trajectory and destination prediction models in articles published from 2017 to 2023. These models were mapped considering: authors; the existence of more than one geographic scenario; the type of forecast; the use of semantic and contextual data; and description of the algorithms. The result consists of discussions of representative works, based on classification, with grouping of techniques. Furthermore, there is a focus on works that used contextual and/or semantic data, from which another framework was developed, specifying the titles of the articles, and whether the methodology involved the use of points or areas of interest, and a reference to how they were generated. This focus expands the previous framework, specifying the differences of a portion of published studies.

Advancing indoor risk mapping for virus transmission of infectious diseases through geographic scenario simulation

ABSTRACT Close-range interpersonal interactions serve as a major channel for virus transmission, with higher infection risks indoors than outdoors. Thus, evaluating indoor infectious disease transmission risks is vital for effective epidemic prevention and control. However, collecting complete individual-level behavioral data faces challenges due to privacy concerns and data acquisition costs, impeding accurate indoor risk mapping. To address this, we propose an individual-centered, scenario-based simulation framework in this paper. This framework incorporates stepwise movement of agents to model crowd interactions in indoor spaces, enabling infection risk mapping through geographic scenario simulation. The simulation model’s core components encompass the generation of indoor environments, formulation of individual behavior rules, establishment of human-environment interaction logic, and simulation of virus transmission processes. Additionally, we outline the implementation algorithm for this simulation model. Lastly, we employ a high-risk university canteen as a case study to demonstrate the model’s capabilities in creating risk maps at different levels: spatial, spatiotemporal, and individual. The proposed framework achieves the construction and process simulation of multi-dimensional geographic scenarios at a microscale, introduces a behavior path model based on spatiotemporal cubes, and enhances the comprehensive analysis and mapping capabilities for indoor infectious disease risk, laying the foundation for precise prevention and control.

Extracting ship stopping information from AIS data

Ship stopping information is important for ship voyage division, ship traffic flow analysis, and maritime trade network analysis. A method of ship stopping information extraction that integrates trajectory features and geographic scenario semantics is proposed based on automatic identification system (AIS) data. First of all, under the constraints of port geographic knowledge, the ship trajectory features are excavated to realize the recognition of ship stopping points in the port area with the recognition accuracy rate of 0.94, the recall rate of 0.91, and the F1 value of 0.92. Secondly, 15 ship stopping mode classification features are selected from both trajectory features and geographic semantics, and a random-forest-based ship stopping classification model is constructed. Two stopping modes, berth stopping and anchorage stopping, are classified with the overall classification accuracy rate of 0.93 and the Kappa coefficient of 0.87. Finally, the port points are generated based on the ship berth stops, and 1,050 port points in the South China Sea Silk Road region are extracted with an accuracy rate of 98.41%. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract ship stopping information and provide knowledge support for ship behavior understanding and ship traffic analysis.

Italian wine sustainability: new trends in consumer behaviors for the millennial generation

PurposeThe role of sustainability is predominant in many aspects of consumer purchasing decisions. Millennials and young people are, in this field, potential players who buy and consume wine with ecosustainable decisions but, in the literature, these aspects are analyzed with nonuniform findings. This paper aims to investigate the wine consumption among young people belonging to the millennial generation, Y generation and Z generation considering also the gender.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a questionnaire with 2000 respondents. The data are analyzed to understand consumption decisions in the wine sector. This information is analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (hypothesis test and multiple regression).FindingsThe results of the paper show a clear propensity to be sustainable of the young generation compared with the elderly, highlighting the role of Millennials. Moreover, considering gender, there is a greater sustainable wine tendency (considering both the environmental and the economic/decisional component) in female compared with male.Research limitations/implicationsThis work reflects the Italian reality of the pre-COVID-19 period. Obviously, the pandemic situation and the geographic scenario analyzed could change the results of a second wave of the survey.Social implicationsThis study contributes to improve the knowledge concerning the wine consumption habits of Italian young generations.Originality/valueThe paper manages to underline the different aspects of sustainability in the wine purchasing decisions by young consumers by focusing on the considered generations.

Estimating FST and kinship for arbitrary population structures.

FST and kinship are key parameters often estimated in modern population genetics studies in order to quantitatively characterize structure and relatedness. Kinship matrices have also become a fundamental quantity used in genome-wide association studies and heritability estimation. The most frequently-used estimators of FST and kinship are method-of-moments estimators whose accuracies depend strongly on the existence of simple underlying forms of structure, such as the independent subpopulations model of non-overlapping, independently evolving subpopulations. However, modern data sets have revealed that these simple models of structure likely do not hold in many populations, including humans. In this work, we analyze the behavior of these estimators in the presence of arbitrarily-complex population structures, which results in an improved estimation framework specifically designed for arbitrary population structures. After generalizing the definition of FST to arbitrary population structures and establishing a framework for assessing bias and consistency of genome-wide estimators, we calculate the accuracy of existing FST and kinship estimators under arbitrary population structures, characterizing biases and estimation challenges unobserved under their originally-assumed models of structure. We then present our new approach, which consistently estimates kinship and FST when the minimum kinship value in the dataset is estimated consistently. We illustrate our results using simulated genotypes from an admixture model, constructing a one-dimensional geographic scenario that departs nontrivially from the independent subpopulations model. Our simulations reveal the potential for severe biases in estimates of existing approaches that are overcome by our new framework. This work may significantly improve future analyses that rely on accurate kinship and FST estimates.

A New Level of Detail Concept for Building Indoor Scene

Concomitant with the acceleration of urbanization, the indoor scene of buildings becoming increasingly complex in recent years. In order to meet the needs of diverse indoor application analysis, the multi-level of detail (LOD) model of indoor scene has been paid increasing attention. However, there are two kinds of LODs in the fields of geographic information and building information, which cannot be effectively integrated. From the perspective of geographic scenario, this paper proposes a new concept of LOD to realize the construction of indoor scene model under different details. According to the effects on indoor space, the indoor components are divided into three semantic levels: enclosing component, connecting component and decorating component. Finally, several examples of indoor models combining semantic LOD, geometric LOD and process LOD are introduced.

Optimizing Sensor Relationship for Fusion of Multispectral and Panchromatic Imagery

The remote sensing satellite products: multispectral and panchromatic imagery are characterized by different levels of spatio-spectral resolutions. The fusion of these two images (provided, they are acquired for same geographic scenario) is also known as ‘Pansharpening’. This produces a composite image featuring simultaneous high levels of spatio-spectral resolutions to meet the demand of the most of remote sensing applications. Thus, different approaches for such fusion and further its quality assessment are continuously researched. The modulation transfer function is unique to the imaging sensors. In this paper, the sensor relationship of the input imagery is optimized to produce the efficient pansharpened/fused image. The performance measurement is carried out on two real datasets made available by WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 satellite sensors using two assessment techniques. The results of optimization approach are further compared to nine different most recent fusion algorithms.

Using Geographic Ontologies and Geo-Characterization to Represent Geographic Scenarios

Traditional Geographic Information Systems (GIS) represent the environment under reductionist thinking, which disaggregates a geographic environment into independent geographic themes. The reductionist approach makes the spatiotemporal characteristics of geo-features explicit, but neglects the holistic nature of the environment, such as the hierarchical structure and interactions among environmental elements. To fill this gap, we integrate the concept geographic scenario with the fundamental principles of General System Theory to realize the environmental complexity in GIS. With the integration, a geographic scenario constitutes a hierarchy of spatiotemporal frameworks for organizing environmental elements and subserving the exploration of their relationships. Furthermore, we propose geo-characterization with ontological commitments to both static and dynamic properties of a geographic scenario and prescribe spatial, temporal, semantic, interactive, and causal relationships among environmental elements. We have tested the utility of the proposed representation in OWL and the associated reasoning process in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules in a case study in Nanjing, China. The case study represents Nanjing and the Nanjing presidential palace to demonstrate the connections among environmental elements in different scenarios and the support for information queries, evolution process simulation, and semantic inferences. The proposed representation encodes geographic knowledge of the environment, makes the interactions among environmental elements explicit, supports geographic process simulation, opens opportunities for deep knowledge mining, and grounds a foundation for GeoAI to discover geographic complexity and dynamics beyond the support of conventional theme-centric inquiries in GIS.

ARTIGOS ACADÊMICOS E A LEI 10.639/03: UM OLHAR PARA ENCAMINHAMENTOS DIDÁTICOS E PEDAGÓGICOS NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NO PERÍODO DE 2003-2015

O debate acerca das relações étnico-raciais no campo da educação intensificou-se no Brasil a partir da Lei Federal nº 10.639/03, que tornou obrigatório o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira em todo o currículo escolar. Nesse sentido, buscou-se com esta reflexão observar, se tal debate também está sendo realizado no campo do ensino de Geografia, mais precisamente no campo acadêmico, junto a periódicos. Uma vez que, esse material além de publicizar pesquisas pode ser uma fonte importante de investigação para professores da rede básica de ensino. Logo, buscou-se selecionar e analisar artigos acadêmicos que trouxessem encaminhamentos didáticos e pedagógicos referentes à Lei 10.639/03 no ensino de Geografia. Tal analise foi realizada a partir de artigos publicados em quatro revistas acadêmicas da área de Geografia, entre o período de 2003-2015. Este artigo foi desenvolvido via levantamentos teóricos e pesquisas em revistas acadêmicas de Geografia, que apresentaram encaminhamentos didáticos pedagógicos referentes à questão étnico-racial para o trabalho no ensino de Geografia. Todavia, a pesquisa realizada revelou que ainda se trata de um debate frágil no cenário geográfico, pois a partir de levantamentos encontrados em revistas acadêmicas, percebe-se que o relato de experiência acerca dessa realidade é superficial e os encaminhamentos tendem a se repetir, sendo uma realidade um pouco mais consolidado a reflexão acerca da Lei de modo amplo no tange os períodos analisados.

Uso de suplementação alimentar na musculação: revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a literatura cientifica brasileira acerca do uso dos suplementos alimentares em relação aos praticantes de musculação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no mês de novembro de 2016, utilizando os termos “musculação” e “suplemento”. Inicialmente surgiram 244 estudos, dentre os quais somente seis foram tidos como relevantes para compor o estudo. Os resultados apontam pesquisa quantitativa como preferência no delineamento metodológico dos estudos, bem como as regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país como cenário geográfico. Sugerem a prevalência do uso dos suplementos alimentares com o objetivo principal para o ganho de massa muscular e força, e, desse modo, a maior procura vem em relação às proteínas e aminoácidos, tendo o público masculino como prioritário, com uma preocupação com a estética. Além disso, alertam a influência da mídia, principalmente em relação ao destaque da imagem do “corpo perfeito”, que colabora com a ingestão desnecessária. Dessa forma, os resultados mostram que o uso da suplementação alimentar para os praticantes de musculação é prioritariamente para fins estéticos, com objetivos de ganho de massa muscular ou perda de gordura corporal. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização dos suplementos alimentares cresce cada vez mais, com destaque para os que contém como base, os aminoácidos e as proteínas, tendo como principais consumidores os homens, para fins estéticos e hipertrofia muscular.

Geographic scenario: a possible foundation for further development of virtual geographic environments

ABSTRACTIt has been two decades since virtual geographic environments (VGEs) were initially proposed. While relevant theories and technologies are evolving, data organization models have always been the foundation of VGE development, and they require further exploration. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of VGEs, geographic scene is proposed to organize geographic information and data. We empirically find that geographic scene provides a suitable organization schema to support geo-visualization, geo-simulation, and geo-collaboration. To systematically investigate the concept and method of geographic scene, Geographic Scenario is proposed as the theory on developing geographic scene, and corresponding key issues of the Geographic Scenario are illustrated in this article. Prospects of the proposed method are discussed with the hope of informing future studies of VGEs.

HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS: um campo recente da pesquisa em geografia sobre conflitos

Doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2015.12347 The present study focuses the use of Comics in research in Geography, giving importance to the theme of international conflicts in the works referred to in this article, which show a perspective in analyzing the space through geographic scenario. It fell to us this way propose an analysis of some works in an attempt to highlight the geographicity in Comics, which, when it comes to the focus of our theme, give prominence the work of the authors that portraying situations conflict: Andre Toral; Jacques Tardi; Art Spiegelman; Ari Folman & David Polonsky, and in a special way, Joe Sacco.

DNA analysis of dust particles sampled from the Turin Shroud

The Turin Shroud is traditionally considered the burial cloth in which the body of Jesus Christ was enveloped after his dead about 2000 years ago. Here we report the main findings from the analysis of genomic DNA extracted from dust particles, which were vacuumed from the backside of Turin Shroud corresponding to internal parts of the body image and the lateral edge used for its radiocarbon dating. Specific plant chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) target regions were analyzed to identify plant taxonomic entities and human genetic lineages. Plant species native to the Mediterranean countries and widespread in the Middle East (Vavilov’s centers of origin V and IV, respectively) were identified, in addition to others living in temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere or having their primary center of origin and distribution in central and eastern Asia (mainly China, I) or native only to the Americas. Since many of these species were introduced into Europe after the Marco Polo travels and Christopher Columbus voyages, our findings suggest a geographic scenario for which only some of the detected plant cpDNAs are compatible with the supposed origin and trail of the relic, whereas others are likely from a historical interval later than the Medieval period. As for human mtDNAs, our analyses allowed the detection of sequences from multiple subjects, which clustered into a number of western Eurasian haplogroups, including some known to be typical of western Europe (H1 and H3), the Near East (H13 and H33), the Arabian Peninsula (R0a) and the Indian sub-continent (M56 and R8). Such mitogenome diversity could be due to contacts with subjects of different ethnic origins in recent centuries, but it is also compatible with the historic path followed by the Turin Shroud during its supposed 2000-year journey from the Near East. Furthermore it raises the possibility of an Indian manufacture of the linen cloth.

A visualization method for geographic conceptual modelling

Because of the difficulty in sharing of modelling conceptions, the complexity of modelling methods, the difficulty of cooperative modelling for experts in different domains and so on, many problems have arisen during the geographic conceptual modelling process. A formalization and visualization method of geographic conceptual modelling is studied in this article for solving these problems. With respect to the traditional entity–relationship model, two issues are studied in this article: one is the establishment of a supporting system, in which the expression methods of geographic concept, the use of geographic conceptual icons as well as the designing methods are illustrated in detail. The other step is using the former to build geographic conceptual models as follows: the concept of geo-entities is represented by geographic conceptual icons and the concept of relationships between geo-entities is represented by directed lines; then geographic conceptual models can be built by dragging those elements into a geographic conceptual scenario in a guided way. Moreover, the geographic conceptual scenarios can be saved as templates for reuse and further modification. Experiments have shown that compared with traditional graphical conceptual modelling methods, apart from enhancing the intelligence of the modelling environment and promoting the visual ability during conceptual modelling process, this approach can also support conceptual model sharing and knowledge reuse.

Horizontal transmission versus vertical inheritance of P elements in Drosophila and Scaptomyza: has the M-type subfamily spread from East Asia?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for P elements was carried out in 77 species with a primer set highly specific for the M-type subfamily. In the course of this search M-type elements were detected in 29 species: In the melanogaster (subgroups montium and rhopaloa) and obscura species groups of Drosophila (25 out of 71 species examined), and in the genus Scaptomyza (four out of six species). M-type elements are present in all species of the montium subgroup investigated so far (21), but occur only sporadically in other groups. Within the montium subgroup 20 species possess only incomplete copies, only one species (D. lacteicornis) harbours apparently full-sized elements. In contrast, outside the montium subgroup almost all species with M-type elements carry full-sized copies suggesting transpositional activity, at least in the recent past. The interior section of the full-sized M-type element of D. lacteicornis was partially sequenced (936 bp). In addition, the complete sequences of four internally deleted M-type elements of D. lacteicornis, D. rufa, D. quadraria, and D. triauraria were determined. Sequence comparisons (including sequence data from previous investigations) revealed striking discrepancies between P element phylogeny and the cladogenesis of their host species. Among several possible pathways for interspecific transfers of M-type elements, we favour the hypothesis assuming the invasion of Scaptomyza as well as the obscura group species of Drosophila via independent transmission routes originating from Asian species of the montium subgroup of Drosophila. The logical geographic scenario for these events would be East-Asia.

Decentralized Dynamic Sub-Carrier Assignment for OFDMA-Based Adhoc and Cellular Networks

In this paper, a novel decentralised dynamic sub-carrier assignment (DSA) algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based adhoc and cellular networks operating in time division duplexing (TDD) mode is proposed to solve the hidden and exposed node problem in media access control (MAC). This method reduces the co-channel interference (CCI), and thus increases the overall throughput of the network. Reduced CCI and increased throughput can be achieved, if time and frequency selectivity of the multi-path fading channel and the channel reciprocity offered by the TDD are fully exploited. The time and frequency selectivity of the channel are usually the main problem in mobile communication. However, in the context of channel assignment for OFDMA-based networks in TDD mode, the time and frequency selectivity of the channel are the key to reduce the interference. In the proposed channel assignment mechanism, several clusters of sub-carriers are assigned for data transmission between a transmitter and a receiver only if the corresponding channels of those sub-carriers linking this transmitter to potential victim receivers are deeply faded. In addition, the proposed algorithm works in a fully decentralised fashion and, therefore, it is able to effectively support ad hoc and multihop communication as well as network self-organisation. Numerical results show that the throughput obtained by the proposed approach for a given quality of service is higher than those of the conventional methods in any precondition of adhoc geographic scenario.

Education of a Civil Servant's Daughter: Readings from Monica Chanda's Memoirs

Nineteenth-century Bengal was a period of change, conflict and accommodation both among the bhadralok – literally translated to mean the gentle folk, the middle classes – as well as between them and the British rulers. The world view of the bhadralok and its search for a new paradigm had its material basis in changes in existing land relations, the emergence of the market and of urban spaces as well as the spread of education and literacy. Often changes in familial patterns, new roles for girls and women, their education and introduction to wider society, reflected developments in Britain. As the colonial encounter brought about a range of changes in a rapidly evolving social, economic and geographic scenario, it is important to try and understand inter-personal dynamics and at the level of individual consciousnesses. Women started reflecting and writing about their lives by the middle of the last century; the preferred form was the journal or diary. Several wrote many years later, often in widowhood. Monica Chanda was one such woman: the only daughter of Sarala and J.N. Gupta, a member of the Indian Civil Service, she was persuaded, at the age of 70, to write about her childhood, a period of her life she loved reminiscing about to her children and grandchildren. Life in the districts, her mother's role as civil service wife par excellence, early schooling and its later denial are evocatively sketched in this brief memoir. The present article will deal with constructions of a post-Victorian Indo-Anglian girlhood as perceived by Monica, using extensive quotations from the unpublished text. It will also try to trace the symbiotic relationship with the British Raj – viewed often with mixed feelings by the colonized.

An outline of Early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the São Francisco craton, Brazil: a review

The Early Proterozoic evolution of the São Francisco craton (SFC) occurred between 1.8–2.5 Ga and includes the Transamazonian cycle (1.9–2.2 Ga), one of the main periods of crustal growth affecting the South American continent. This synthesis of the available data is largely concerned with the Early Proterozoic terranes of the SFC and presents a modeled crustal evolution integrated with that of the West Congo craton. Interpretation of radiometric ages, geochemical and structural data, metamorphism (P, T conditions), and lithostratigraphical correlations leads to the characterization of three Early Proterozoic belts in the SFC, named: the Correntina-Guanambi, Itabuna and Mineiro belts. These belts are here described following a geographic scenario as given by their representatives (medium- to high-grade sequences, low-grade supracrustal sequences and intrusive igneous rocks). The anatomy and regional structures of these belts indicate that they developed along the margin of a large Archean protocontinent, although characteristic older mantled gneiss domes are also found within the Itabuna and Mineiro belts. Available isotopic evidence suggests an episodic growth of the continental crust during the Late Archean (2.6–3.2 Ga) with the formation of microcontinents that gradually coalesced around 2.6 Ga ago. After the Archean-Proterozoic transition, the tectonic evolution of the Proterozoic mobile belts evolved by mantle accretion/differentiation and crustal reworking. The main Early Proterozoic magmatic arc of the SFC is represented by the Itabuna mobile belt, whereas the Minciro belt is chiefly ensialic. The nature of the Salvador-Correntina belt is still poorly constrained by geochronological and geochemical data. By the end of the Transamazonian cycle, around 1.8–1.9 Ga ago, the SFC was fully cratonized.