Geographic Information Technology Research Articles

Joint Processing of Aerospace and Ground Surveying Materials to Create 3D Terrain Models

Methods for creating three-dimensional terrain models based on aerospace and ground survey data is an important direction in the field of geographic information technologies. This article presents a detailed analysis of the process of developing and implementing an automated approach to creating 3D terrain models using Agisoft Metashape and ArcGIS software. The presented method can significantly reduce the time and human resources required to create 3D models, as well as increase the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained.

Vegetation–Topographic Landscape and the Influence of Water and Sediment in the Shule River Basin

The study of the effect of vegetation cover on water and sediment content is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of ecological and environmental effects in river basins and the formulation of corresponding management measures. Based on the monitoring data of rainfall and runoff of Panjiazhuang and Dangchengwan Hydrologic Stations in Shule River Basin from 2000 to 2020 and the sediment discharge of Changmabao, methods such as geographic information technology (GIS), landscape pattern analysis, land use transfer matrix, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to study water and sediment change, land use pattern, vegetation change characteristics, and local water and sediment change in Shule River Basin and construct vegetation–topographic landscape factors. The main research results are as follows: (1) Vegetation coverage in the Shule River Basin increased year by year from 2000 to 2020, with a cumulative increase of 0.064 in 20 years. Vegetation cover has a significant effect on water and sediment content, and the correlation is −0.966. (2) The cultivated land area of the Shule River Basin increased by 604 km2 from 2000 to 2020, and the conversion rate was 67%. From 2000 to 2020, the water area increased by 442 km2, and the conversion rate was 51%. The area of grassland and forest increased by 198 km2 and 12 km2, respectively, and the conversion rate was 68% and 33%, respectively. Forest had the highest transfer rate (0.67). The lowest conversion rate was 0.32 for grassland. (3) The variation coefficient of water and sediment content in Shule River Basin during 1971–2020 was 45.21%, and the highest variation coefficient during 2001–2010 was 49.15%. The lowest variation coefficient was 39.73% during 2011–2020. The annual sediment transport in the Shule River Basin fluctuates greatly and has a high degree of dispersion during 1971–2020. (4) The results of the landscape index in Shule River Basin during 2000–2020 had a small difference, with a difference of less than 0.5. According to the principal component analysis of landscape index and water and sediment content, the maximum patch index (LPI) had the strongest positive correlation with water and sediment content (0.958). The diversity index SHDI had the strongest negative correlation with water and sediment content (−0.995).

INTEGRATION NEEDS AND CHALLENGES FOR GREEN AND SMART TRANSFORMATION OF PORT INDUSTRY BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE DATA

This research explores the integration needs and challenges for achieving green and smart transformation in the port industry, leveraging multi-source data and geographic information technology. The study utilizes comprehensive data, including information from the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, the National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information, and road network maps of Jiangsu Province in China. Geographical analysis methods, such as weighted kernel density estimation and standard deviation ellipse analysis, are employed to identify spatial distribution patterns and changes in the port and shipping service industry. The results indicate a spatial distribution pattern with weak expansion from the center, along the "northwest-southeast" direction. Challenges such as decentralized management and competition for interests hinder port integration for sustainable development. By understanding the spatial dynamics, policymakers can make informed decisions for a greener, smarter, and more efficient port sector.

Ensuring timely completion and successful thesis outcomes: a case study of an online GIS master’s degree program

ABSTRACT Master of Science (M.S.) programs, including geography through geographic information science and technology (M.S. GIST), play a key part in training the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce. A master’s thesis has been a traditional part of geography programs, and across all kinds of disciplines the value of a thesis is well-recognized. However, delivering master’s thesis supervision for large cohorts may result in lengthy completion times and poor completion rates. A growing literature focuses on master’s thesis supervision across a wide array of disciplines, but no study focuses on the master’s thesis for M.S. GIST programs. We offer a mixed-methods case study of a large, online M.S. GIST program showing how problems developed and were resolved over a 13-year period with program-wide structural reforms. Reform elements included increased attention to writing skills in admissions review, addition of writing instruction, earlier student engagement, staff engagement, faculty engagement, and development of thesis courses. Reforms shortened completion times and increased thesis completion rates while sustaining diversity and quality of thesis projects. Although this case study echoes many strategies found in the literature, it emphasizes that replication likely requires linking solutions together through structural reforms across a master’s degree program.

Проблемы развития районов освоения Республики Тыва (геоинформационный аспект)

The Republic of Tyva has a significant natural resource potential. The mining complex has been identified as a priority area of the economy of this territory. Despite the existing development potential, the region faces a number of challenges that require an integrated approach to address them. Modern trends are based on the principles of sustainable development, balanced and rational use of natural resources, which are primarily built on the basis of comprehensive information on the region. Information can be combined, structured and analyzed using geographic information technologies. Research objective. A spatial analysis of the resource potential and cartographic assessment of the anthropogenic impact of the reclamation territories in the Republic of Tyva. Research results. An assessment of the current state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out using the geoinformation approach. An index analysis of the investment attractiveness and investment potential as well as the anthropogenic load of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva was carried out. Conclusions. The use of the geoinformation approach when assessing the current development state of the reclamation areas in the Republic of Tyva offers a number of advantages. First, it allows getting a clear picture of the current situation, identify the problem areas and develop effective strategies for further development of the territory. Second, combining data from various sources into a single GIS helps to make informed decisions and optimize the use of resources in the reclamation areas.

Crossing Boundaries: The Ethics of AI and Geographic Information Technologies

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and geographic information technologies for monitoring and mapping varying phenomena on the Earth’s surface. At the same time, there has been growing attention given to the ethical challenges that these technologies present (both individually and collectively in fields such as critical cartography, ethics of AI and GeoAI). This attention has produced a growing number of critical commentaries and articles as well as guidelines (by academic, governmental, and private institutions) that have been drafted to raise these ethical challenges and suggest potential solutions. This paper presents a review of 16 ethical guidelines of AI and 8 guidelines of geographic information technologies, analysing how these guidelines define and employ a number of ethical values and principles (e.g., autonomy, bias, privacy, and consent)One of the key findings from this review is the asymmetrical mentioning of certain values and principles within the guidelines. The AI guidelines make very clear the potential of AI to negatively impact social and environmental justice, autonomy, fairness and dignity, while far less attention is given to these impacts in the geographic information guidelines. This points to a need for the geo-information guidelines to be more attentive to the role geographic information can play in disempowering individuals and groups.

Analysis of the Regularity of Distribution of Natural Landscapes in the Greater Caucasus Depending on Physical-Geographical Characteristics Using GIS Technology

Natural geographic conditions play an important role in the formation and development of landscapes. Various factors of natural conditions, especially the absolute height of the relief, slope, aspect, horizontal and vertical fragmentation, have been widely studied since the 20th century. Nowadays, these factors are studied through geographic information technologies, on the basis of satellite images and Remote Sensing materials. Therefore, our research is dedicated to the actual topic. We also conducted analyses based on modern methods in the Great Caucasus natural region, which is our research area. At this time, we have analyzed the absolute height of the relief, aspect and inclination of the slopes using the Digital Elevation Model of the area. As a result of the conducted researches, we have determined that desert and semi-desert landscapes were formed in areas with low absolute height and inclination, and forest, alpine, subalpine, nival and subnival landscapes were formed in areas with high absolute height and inclination. Forests are mostly found on the northern slopes, and semi-desert and desert landscapes are widespread on the southern slopes.

Оценка аттрактивности сегментов пешеходных зон большого центра Перми средствами геоинформационных технологий

The approaches to studying the attractiveness of pedestrian spaces are proposed, which could in the researchers’ opinion serve as one of the urban environment quality indicators. Based on the authors` methodology with the help of geographic information technologies, an assessment of the attractiveness of Perm’s large center pedestrian spaces’ most consolidated components was carried out. To form an array of the data (attractor objects), open sources were used. Attribute values which enabled analyzing the direct location of attractors were the proximity and belonging to the components of the pedestrian spaces chosen as the subject of the study. As a result of the vector data spatial analysis, noticeable differences in the attractiveness of those places were revealed. Its highest index is typical for the embankment of the Kama. The result is slightly lower near the esplanade and foot zones near the railway station Perm-2. The lowest level was found in the mentioned spaces located near the southern and eastern outskirts of the large center. The authors analyze the features and problems of using publicly available data, propose measures to increase the attractiveness of the central pedestrian spaces of Perm, and conclude that it is necessary to form a unified space to gather and swap information in order to increase the effectiveness of further local studies of the environmental quality

Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of the Seaport: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

This study uses primary data from a survey of 370 observations in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and adopts the Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Linear Regression Modeling (LRM) with Bootstrap analysis for a reliable test of LRM. Its result shows that factors affecting Seaport competitiveness included Geographical Location, Connectivity, Information Technology, Facilities, Reputation, and Port authority.

Research on optimization strategies for urban park green space planning in Nanjing based on GIS from the perspectives of network analysis and Thiessen polygon theory

Urban Park green space is an essential carrier and form of urban recreation space, playing an important role in improving the ecological environment and enhancing the image of the city. With the process of urbanization and the continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, urban park construction has become increasingly important to meet people’s growing needs for a better life. However, the evaluation indicators for urban park green space in China mostly consider macroscopic levels, such as the area, number and per capita green area of parks. This cannot fully reflect the level of park green space services. Accessibility can reflect the convenience of residents to reach the park, provide guidance for the reasonable layout of parks and have various evaluation methods relying on geographic information technology. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively study the layout and accessibility of park green space. Taking the central urban area of Nanjing as the research object, this paper summarizes existing research and focuses on evaluating the accessibility of park green space while analyzing the layout of parks from multiple perspectives, combined with the existing pressure appraisal of park green space services. Relevant data on Nanjing, including overall planning and statistical yearbooks, were collected and analyzed using geographic information system (GIS) tools, network analysis and Thiessen polygon theory to analyze the service pressure, demand and accessibility of park green space in the central urban area under different transportation methods. Based on the results, targeted optimization strategies are proposed.

Construction of Social Resilience Assessment System after Floods in the New Era

Abstract This paper constructs an assessment framework through theoretical research and literature study, determines the assessment indicators using the systematic review method, and forms a final assessment system of social resilience after flooding based on the correlation test. On this basis, the index weights were determined using the comprehensive assignment method, and the social resilience index was calculated using multi-criteria optimization and compromise solutions methods. The spatiotemporal evolution trend and spatial correlation characteristics of post-flood social resilience were explored by combining mathematical statistical methods, geographic information technology, and spatial measurement models. The temporal evolution characteristics of different dimensions of social resilience during the period 2012–2021 show that the social resilience index declined steeply in 2012, reached a maximum value of 0.316 in 2018, then gradually decreased to 0.305 in 2020, and recovered to 0.312 in 2021, with an overall increase of 5.05%. Assessing the social resilience of 17 cities under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, overall, the ability of the social system to cope with heavy rainfall and flooding disasters in 10 cities showed an increasing trend, and 7 towns showed a decreasing trend.The social resilience of Zhengzhou City under heavy rainfall and flooding disasters in 2017–2021 showed a trend of decreasing and increasing, with a composite index fit of 0.885, 0.893, 0.806, 0.893, 0.806, 0.824, 0.861.This paper constructs a social resilience assessment system after flooding to provide some reference for central cities to cope with extreme weather.

Modern geoinformation technologies and their use in transport management

The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of modern geoinformation technologies in the field of transport management. The author reveals the content and principles of transport management considering the use of modern geoinformation technologies. The author examines such geographic information technologies as self-driving systems, GPS systems, on boarders and automotive radars. The author concludes that these technologies make it possible not only to manage transport and ensure transport security, but also to optimize the process of managing transport infrastructure and transport operations. They can also play a role in the development of branding for modern transport.

초등예비교사의 공간적 시민성 함양을 위한 커뮤니티매핑 활용 가능성 모색

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using community mapping project to foster spatial citizenship among elementary pre-service teachers. In this study, the pre-service teachers themselves selected a project topic suitable for fostering spatial citizenship, established a plan for implementation, and carried out the project according to the plan. Then, we analyzed the project cases and examined the preservice teachers' responses. As a result of analyzing the pre-service teachers' reflections and project evaluation sheets, the participants were able to analyze social issues from the perspective of spatial citizenship education through the community mapping process and understand the utility of community mapping as a geospatial technology. The following implications and limitations can be drawn. First, it seems that continuous checks and appropriate feedback are necessary to understand spatial attributes such as social organization and relational understanding of space during the project implementation process. Second, it is necessary to expand educational opportunities in elementary education institutions so that pre-service teachers can be equipped with geographic information technology utilization and spatial analysis skills. Third, it is necessary to provide various participation opportunities in connection with the local community so that pre-service teachers can solve real-world problems as spatial citizens. Fourth, it is necessary to find ways to continue utilizing the community mapping results of this project. Fifth, it is necessary to develop a measurement tool to facilitate the identification of spatial citizenship competences. Despite the implications and limitations of this study, this study is meaningful in that it sought to explore the possibility of utilizing a community mapping project to foster spatial citizenship in elementary pre-service teachers.

Posidonia oceanica Cartography and Evolution of the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean)

The Balearic coastline presents an environmental and biological heterogeneity, which confers great complexity on the marine environment and treasures important biodiversity, both at the level of species and marine communities. The endemic phanerogam of the Mediterranean Sea, Posidonia oceanica, holds a pivotal role in maintaining high biodiversity, warranting protection as stipulated in the Posidonia Decree 25/2018. The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative criteria that will allow the delimitation of areas with Posidonia oceanica for conservation and to aid planning and management of this species, contributing to the reduction of biodiversity loss caused by anthropogenic impacts and global change. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, the study employs photo interpretation of aerial photographs taken at depths between 0 and 5 m, data from Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) campaigns, reprocessing information from the LIFE Posidonia project at depths between 20 and 30 m, and targeted sampling using Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) and ocular recognition at strategic points. The research not only seeks to assess the present state of the phanerogam but also analyzes its evolution, establishing a technological database for consultation and integrated analysis. This database facilitates effective management by tracking habitat changes, representing a significant contribution to the understanding of the impact of global change on ecosystems through Geographical Information Technologies (TIGs).

Geovisualization: Current Trends, Challenges, and Applications

Geovisualization (or Geographic Visualization) represents an interdisciplinary scientific field spanning cartography, geographic information science (GIScience) and technology, computer science and human–computer interaction (HCI), psychology, and cognitive science [...]

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION ANALYSIS IN HEBEI PROVINCE BASED ON NIGHTTIME LIGHT REMOTE SENSING DATA

Abstract. This paper explores the use of spatiotemporal geographic information and advanced technology to effectively address the issue of poverty reduction and development. The focus is on Hebei Province, where multi-dimensional poverty identification and spatiotemporal evolution analysis are conducted using nighttime light remote sensing data. The study establishes a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) system based on the regional average nighttime light index (ANLI) extracted from data spanning 2010, 2014, and 2018. A coupled regression model confirms the correlation between MPI and ANLI. Visualization and analysis are performed using GIS technology, Moran's I, and Getis's G* to interpret the identification results. From the experimental results, MPI established in this paper fits well with ANLI, which can be used for poverty identification and monitoring. The established multi-dimensional poverty model can identify multi-dimensional poverty counties better. However, there is a large discrepancy in the match with the traditional list of poor counties issued by the state from the perspective of absolute economic poverty. From the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution, it can be seen that the overall poverty level in Hebei Province has changed with time. Although there is aggregation among poverty areas, the aggregation is not deep. The poverty level of the traditional national-level poor counties has also been reduced, but the pattern of poverty aggregation remains unchanged. The "C-shaped" poverty belt around Beijing formed by Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Baoding and other surrounding counties in northern Hebei Province is still the focus of poverty alleviation work in the next stage.

Development of local eco-network of Lutsk territorial community: features and problems

Introduction. Planning of ecological networks at the local level is one of the most difficult stages of geospatial organization of the territory, which requires a detailed and balanced approach, thorough analysis of topographic materials, land management data and the use of geographic information technologies. Local-level eco-networks have a number of features related to the need for a high level of detalization and connectivity of their components. For them, specific model questions are formed about the assignment of certain areas to the structural and functional elements of the ecological network. At the same time, these elements are complementary elements in the structure of ecological networks of regional importance. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to find out the conditions and specific features of the local eco-network of the Lutsk territorial community, to justify the allocation of its structural and functional elements, the current state of development and recommendations to ensure proper functioning. Methods. To study the features of the territorial organization of preserved areas of the urban community, in particular, as part of the nature reserve network and the Emerald network, substantiation of the boundaries of functional components of the local eco-network, elucidation of functional relationships between its elements, construction of cartographic models methods of field research, comparative geographical analysis, cartographic analysis, statistical analysis were used. Results. The natural conditions of the community, sources of economic impact and anthropogenic transformation of the environment, indicators of nature reserves, the level of naturalness of other areas: swamps, wetlands, water protection zones, forests, protective forest belts, reclaimed areas due to their obvious necessity inclusion in the local eco-network to ensure its functional integrity were analyzed. 13 natural nuclei, seven connecting elements, buffer zones potentially suitable for increasing the area of natural nuclei and ecological corridors of the territory of restoration and territory of natural development have been identified. The scientific novelty. The substantiation of structural and functional elements of the first local level eco-network in Volyn Region is made, the map of the local eco-network is developed, the problems of functioning are determined and the prospects of development are analyzed. Practical significance. The development of the local ecological network of the Lutsk town territorial community is a pilot project of the development of local ecological network of the territorial communities of the Volyn region.

Integrated Mining and Reclamation Practices Enhance Sustainable Land Use: A Case Study in Huainan Coalfield, China

In the coal-grain composite area (CGCA) of eastern China with a high groundwater table (HGT), underground coal mining subsidence has caused extensive submergence of farmland, posing a significant threat to regional food security. Currently, land reclamation techniques in mining subsidence areas primarily focus on post-mining reclamation (PMR) of stable subsidence land with a low reclamation rate. This study investigated the application of concurrent mining and reclamation (CMR) technology for unstable subsidence land in a representative HGT mining area, namely the Guqiao Coal Mine in the Huainan Coalfield. Firstly, mining subsidence prediction and geographic information technology were employed to simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of dynamic mining subsidence, taking into consideration the mining plan. Subsequently, phased reclamation parameters were quantitatively designed by integrating the dynamic mining subsidence and surface reclamation measures. Lastly, scenario simulations were conducted to discuss the effectiveness of CMR in comparison with non-reclamation (NR) and PMR. Additionally, reclamation and ecological restoration strategies for coal mining subsidence areas with comprehensive governance modes were proposed. The findings indicated that mining activities have led to a reduction in both the quantity and quality of original farmland, with 70% of the farmland submerged and rendered uncultivable. In contrast to PMR, which achieved a reclamation rate of 29%, CMR can significantly increase the farmland reclamation rate to 69% while also prolonging the service life of farmland. This study provides theoretical support and technical references for promoting sustainable mining practices, protecting farmland, and facilitating the high-quality development of coal resource-based cities.

Satellite images interpretation for health studies of urban areas

Every year a variety of vector-borne infectious diseases claims the lives of millions of people worldwide. The study of the favorable conditions for their vectors and hosts is a particularly important task for understanding the patterns of the distribution with the focus on the urban environment, characterizing by a high population density and rapid transmission of the diseases. The existing methodology of Local Climate Zones (LCZ), which are areas with homogeneous land surface coverage, structure, and a specific nature of human activity was the first attempt to standardize urban environmental studies and has become an international standard for the analysis of urban morphology. The article provides an algorithm for adapting the methodology of identifying LCZ accounting vegetation and water areas for the tasks of medical geographical zoning and assessment of epidemiological risks and using the geographic information technology. The examples of the outbreaks of vivax malaria in the Moscow region in 1999–2003 and West Nile fever in the Volgograd region in 2010–2011 were used. As a result, a methodology of medical geographical zoning based on the idea of fragmenting the classification of LCZ using the normalized difference water index as indicator of the favorability for vector habitats was developed. The use of the methodology made it possible to reveal that the areas of various LCZs change after outbreaks, which may reflect changes in conditions and an increase in the favorability for vectors. Thus, LCZ can be used as indicators of changes in the natural and man-made environment that can provoke disease outbreaks.

Predictive Prospecting Using Remote Sensing in a Mountainous Terrestrial Volcanic Area, in Western Bangongco–Nujiang Mineralization Belt, Tibet

The Bangongco–Nujiang metallogenic belt of Tibet is a main suture zone in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which is known as an important porphyry–epithermal–skarn Cu-polymetallic mineralization zone in China. The western part of the Bangongco–Nujiang metallogenic belt exposes several medium high-silica terrestrial alkaline volcanic rocks with strong alteration influenced by collision orogeny. Some research has shown that clues to mineralization such as malachite and gossan are found on the surface. However, volcanic rock areas with varied topography place a huge burden on geological investigation, and the existing research on predicting mineralization is relatively scarce. This paper describes the extraction of alteration mineral information based on medium spatial resolution and hyperspectral resolution images, establishing a spectral library of alteration minerals in this area. By analyzing radar data, digital elevation, and synthesis results of different spectral bands, we combine remote sensing with geographic information technology to establish crater markers. The extraction results from multisource and chemical exploration data are superimposed onto the analysis of mineralization characteristics and geological conditions so as to establish the mineralization signatures for terrestrial volcanic rock areas. Eighteen mineralization prospect areas were identified, which can provide technical support for future mineralization research in this belt.