Geographic Information Systems Services Research Articles

Antifragile and Resilient Geographical Information System Service Delivery in Fog Computing.

The demand for cloud computing has drastically increased recently, but this paradigm has several issues due to its inherent complications, such as non-reliability, latency, lesser mobility support, and location-aware services. Fog computing can resolve these issues to some extent, yet it is still in its infancy. Despite several existing works, these works lack fault-tolerant fog computing, which necessitates further research. Fault tolerance enables the performing and provisioning of services despite failures and maintains anti-fragility and resiliency. Fog computing is highly diverse in terms of failures as compared to cloud computing and requires wide research and investigation. From this perspective, this study primarily focuses on the provision of uninterrupted services through fog computing. A framework has been designed to provide uninterrupted services while maintaining resiliency. The geographical information system (GIS) services have been deployed as a test bed which requires high computation, requires intensive resources in terms of CPU and memory, and requires low latency. Keeping different types of failures at different levels and their impacts on service failure and greater response time in mind, the framework was made anti-fragile and resilient at different levels. Experimental results indicate that during service interruption, the user state remains unaffected.

Review of the Use of GIS in Public Health and Food Safety

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) is increasingly common in the scientific domains of public health and food safety. In this paper, we present the results of three analyses that we conducted to explore the application of GIS in these domains. The analysis includes a case study to test the feasibility of providing GIS services through an application developed with open-source tools. The first section presents the results from a scoping review looking at the current GIS practices in the public health and food safety domains as found in scientific literature. The second section shares the findings from a visual exploration of the use of GIS by EU agencies and supra-national bodies in the public health and food safety domains. The third section presents the current scenario of GIS used at the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), which was tracked with an internal survey circulated among EFSA's scientific community. Alongside the three analyses, we look at current practices in terms of 1) fields in which GIS is used, 2) the infrastructure used for GIS, 3) GIS data, and 4) the methodology used for data collection, processing and analysis. The results show that GIS is used in multiple fields related to public health and food safety, such as epidemiology, plant health, animal health, and agriculture. We conclude that despite facing challenges regarding data quality issues, legal implications, and technical limitations, GIS has great potential given its relevance to the current environmental and health crises: such a holistic approach is in line with the One Health concept supported by EFSA and different European and international institutions. Moreover, GIS facilitates transition from control to prevention thanks to its capacity to develop spatial models that move from description to prediction. Finally, GIS facilitates communication, which guides better policy making.

Design and implementation of geographic information system with mobile terminal and 5G network

AbstractRemote insurance mainly completes quotation, insurance application and payment through the PC terminal and mobile terminal, and the premium directly enters the insurance account. This article takes remote insurance as an example. First, it analyses the requirements of the remote insurance and insurance system, and then collects data from the mobile terminal. The system geographic information system (GIS) server subsystem and GIS information management subsystem are designed in three aspects. GPS data and video image data are collected and processed in the data acquisition subsystem, forwarded by the GIS server, and sent to the GIS information management subsystem. Geographic information system information management realises online loss determination through basic information query, geographic location identification, scheduling, path planning, real‐time tracking, image information etc. on the mobile terminal, combined with insurance and insurance business. In terms of implementation, the GIS information management platform and Google Maps are used to realise the monitoring, scheduling and path planning of the mobile terminal GIS online platform. And conduct experimental research on the content‐centric 5G structure. The results show that the transmission interference time of the content‐centric network‐based 5G structure is 390 ms, which is much lower than the 800 ms demanded for GSM‐R system. It proves that the content‐centric network‐based 5G structure has good mobile performance; the test of the content‐centric network verifies that the content‐centric network has the advantages of balancing network load and preventing network congestion; meanwhile, the test of the proposed The functions and performance of the GIS system proposed in this paper are tested. The results meet the user requirements.

APLIKASI PENCARIAN LETAK GUDANG KOPERASI DENGAN METODE K-MEANS CLUSTER MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL

Multi-cooperative information systems have been developed in 2018 by providing several services, one of which is GIS (geographic information system). GIS on this system displays the locations of existing cooperatives in the form of digital maps. This study develops the GIS service on a multi-cooperative information system into a cooperative warehouse location search using the K-means clustering method. Multi-cooperative information systems with cooperative warehouse location search features were developed using the Laravel 5.5 framework with the waterfall method. Searching the location of cooperative warehouses using the K-means method is useful to assist users in determining the location of warehouses to supply adjacent cooperatives. This system has also been tested using the Blackbox Testing method.

Evolution of Regional Economic Spatial Structure Based on IoT and GIS Service

Unbalanced regional development is an inevitable trend in the development of all countries in the world. The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has created tools for the study of regional development issues. IoT has many advantages and thus owns a very wide range of applications. This paper makes use of geographic information system (GIS) technology, which can be viewed as one of the IoT sensing information. Changes in spatial regional economic differences and space and the evolution of the structure are particularly examined by processing spatial information such as maps, analyzing phenomena and events that exist on the earth, and exploiting Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW). The numerical results in this paper justify that the introduction of GIS technology to the study of economic diversity can upgrade regional economic research from a traditional qualitative and statistical level to a quantitative and spatial visualization level.

Semantic Discovery of Composite GIS Services

With an increasing number of Geographical Information System (GIS) services publicly available on the Web, the discovery of composite GIS services is promising when novel requirements are to be satisfied. GIS services in the repository like ArcGIS software are organized in a tree hierarchy, where a parent node represents a categorial GIS service with a coarser-granularity than its child GIS services, while leaf nodes correspond to atomic and exercisable GIS services. In this setting, discovering appropriate atomic GIS services is challenging. To remedy this issue, this paper proposes a composite GIS service discovery mechanism. Specifically, for the given requirement, select the parent nodes that take the given input parameters as input and remove their inactivated children. Use remaining children to build the network and repeat the previous operation until finding the services that contain the required output. Then record the semantic similarity degree, calculated by services functional description, in this network. By using the simulated annealing algorithm, a composite GIS services solution will be recommended from this semantic network. Evaluation results demonstrate that our approach could give more significant solution compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.

Robust to Overwhelming: A Case Study on Planned Abandonment for GIS Services

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) services are a popular offering for some academic libraries and the growth of these services illustrates their value to diverse disciplines and scholars. However, continuous growth without strategic planning can overextend library resources and staff. Planned abandonment is a planning strategy used to guide an organization in the removal of unsustainable structures and services in order to promote innovation and user satisfaction. This case study describes how planned abandonment was applied to GIS licensing services at a large research university library in order to identify a collaborative approach to GIS services across campus.

Deploying GIS Services into the Edge: A Study from Performance Evaluation and Optimization Viewpoint

Geographic information system (GIS) is an integrated collection of computer software and data used to view and manage information about geographic places, analyze spatial relationships, and model spatial processes. With the growing popularity and wide application of GIS in reality, performance has become a critical requirement, especially for mobile GIS services. To attack this challenge, this paper tries to optimize the performance of GIS services by deploying them into edge computing architecture which is an emerging computational model that enables efficient offloading of service requests to edge servers for reducing the communication latency between end-users and GIS servers deployed in the cloud. Stochastic models for describing the dynamics of GIS services with edge computing architecture are presented, and their corresponding quantitative analyses of performance attributes are provided. Furthermore, an optimization problem is formulated for service deployment in such architecture, and a heuristic approach to obtain the near-optimal performance is designed. Simulation experiments based on real-life GIS performance data are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the approach presented in this paper.

The Provision and Sustainability of GIS Services

This paper presents a case study of how one academic library provides services and support for the Geographic Information System (GIS) needs of students and faculty. The case study involves an American university library that has provided GIS services to meet the needs of students and faculty while lacking the formal position of a dedicated GIS Librarian. The library’s variety of GIS-related support is described in the paper, and an overview of resources for librarians to develop their GIS skills is also shared. The paper offers insights and lessons learned about the level of services that can be offered by academic libraries in GIS-related research and training for students, faculty, and staff.

Web-GIS integrated open source mashup technology as a cue for integrated management in coastal megacities

Coastal resource management is a significant component of the sustainable development alongside the dynamic coastal zone overlapping urban regions. The Stakeholder requirements for the strategic coastal resource planning prerequisite a systematic approach to fill the critical gap on the subject of information, knowledge, data and GIS (Geographical Information System) services in coastal cities. In order to facilitate this, we introduce an open source Web-GIS based decision support framework stated as the Coastal management information system (CMIS) which has been developed to integrate data and knowledge coupled with GIS services for the Mumbai megacity, developed using the open source platform based on PHP and Map Script. CMIS consists of three key components – Data Centre (houses different datasets for expert stakeholders), Knowledge Centre (developed for common stakeholders), and Web-GIS based online mapping tool called CMIS Online which enables a user-friendly assessment of coastal resources. The framework can serve as a dynamic mapping application for coastal features, incorporating advanced GIS functionalities. This paper further describes the methodology for the development and implementation of CMIS as a pilot initiative along the coastline. The initiative can strengthen the institutional framework between associated government agencies, coastal planners, managers, and researchers. The study also encourages the use of open source coupled GIS techniques, which can enhance the transparency in the allocations and utilization of coastal resources among various end users, and thereby the developed framework can curtail over-exploitation of resources to some extent and can aid in the progression towards a more sustainable and resilient urban environment.

Utilizing web based GIS services for retrieving and disseminating geographic information for disaster management

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related to web-based services such as portals, web services and databases (DB) services for searching, retrieving, disseminating and sharing information has also happened in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through web-based GIS Services. In GIS, the portal is replaced by Geoportal, Web Service by Web Mapping Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) while DB Services is replaced by Geographic Database (GeoDB) services. Web based GIS services can be classified as Geoportal, WMS, WFS and GeoDB Services. This research developed a prototype of web-based GIS services for the management of Geographic Information related to disaster management. There are several techniques for developing GIS based web services such as using Content Management Systems for GIS, namely OpenGeo Suite, GeoNode, and ArcGIS based GIS Services. This research focuses on Web-based GIS Services with the ArcGIS platform. The prototype of Web-based GIS Services was built focusing on Geographic information in disaster management cycles such as recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction), prevention (mitigation), preparedness and emergency response periods.

Application of Labelled K Means Clustering for GIS Contract Automation

K Means Clustering is an unsupervised classification technique which is suitable for the dataset which do not have any class labels. The absence of labels constrained its application on different text data sets. Labelled K Means clustering generate labels for the clusters obtained from K Means Clustering which makes this technique more decisive for text data sets. A novel application of Labeled K Means Clustering for automation of technical part of GIS contracts is given in this paper. Geographic Information System (GIS) contract which is signed between GIS service provider and a client requires an efficient tracking system during all its vital phases (development, operation and maintenance). At present, the tracking is done in a non-discrete manner through manual inspection. Manual tracking is inevitable because (1) no indicators have so far been developed for evaluation by an automatic tracking system, (2) No automated system exists to evaluate the performance of GIS service provider and the client on the basis of performance indicators and (3) there is no centralized mechanism for penalizing negligence of either party. This paper proposes (1). a method to regulate the technical part of the GIS contract by suggesting a simple and wizard-based Graphical user interface. (2). Conversion of existing manually prepared contracts into electronic contracts through lexeme-based congregation which is done through labelled K Means Clustering. These converted clusters are then stored into centralized database. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is used to train the system on performance indicators defined for compliance by both contracting parties.

A Real-Time and Open Geographic Information System and Its Application for Smart Rivers: A Case Study of the Yangtze River

The timely sharing and interoperation of multi-source cross-sectoral information is an important issue for a Geographic Information System (GIS). To study this issue, a real-time and open GIS model called GeoSensor is proposed in this work. GeoSensor integrates the real-time GIS model, real-time computation framework, and Open Geospatial Consortium services. This paper illustrates the system architecture and the implementation methods of the GeoSensor. One of the methods developed is the conceptual mapping of a real-time GIS data model to open GIS models and services and a real-time computation framework. The other method developed is the integration of open GIS services, a real-time computation framework, and hybrid databases. The GeoSensor was tested in a case study of building a smart river. In the case study, a comprehensive sensor web was constructed and integrated with the real-time information on rainfall, beacon, channel, sediment, and water levels derived from space-based sensors, air-borne sensors, and underground sensors from multiple sectors in the Yangtze River basin. The GeoSensor manages the comprehensive sensor web with 32 types of sensors and more than 10 billion observation records. Three application systems were developed based on the GeoSensor to manage flood control, hydropower production, and navigation of the Yangtze River. The results of the three application systems show that the real-time and open system improves the management efficiency of the Yangtze River. This system is promising for managing smart rivers.

An Action Research Approach helps Develop GIS Programs in Humanities and Social Sciences

A Review of:
 Kong, N., Fosmire, M., & Branch, B. D. (2017). Developing library GIS services for humanities and social science: An action research approach. College & Research Libraries, 78(4), 413-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.4.413
 Abstract
 Objective – To develop and improve on geographic information systems (GIS) services for humanities and social sciences using an action research model. 
 Design – Case study. 
 Setting – A public research university serving an annual enrollment of over 41,500 students in the Midwestern United States. 
 Subjects – Faculty members and students in the humanities and social sciences that expressed interest in GIS services. 
 Methods – An action research approach was used which included data collection, analysis, service design, and observation. Interviews with 8 individuals and groups were conducted including 4 faculty members, 3 graduate students, and one research group of faculty and graduate students. Data from interviews and other data including emails and notes from previous GIS meetings were analyzed and coded into thematic areas. This analysis was used to develop an action plan for the library, then the results of the activity were assessed.
 Main Results – The interviews revealed three thematic areas for library GIS service: research, learning, and outreach. The action plan developed by the authors resulted in increased engagement including active participation in an annual GIS day, attendance at workshops, course-integrated GIS sessions, around 40 consultations on GIS subjects over a two-year period, and increased hits on the Library’s GIS page. Surveys from pre- and post-tests in the workshops increased participants’ spatial awareness skills. Conclusion – Using an action research approach, the authors were able to identify needs and develop a successful model of GIS service for the humanities and social sciences.

Construction of Rural Business Network Distribution System Based on User-Friendly Route Search Algorithm

Logistics and distribution system is the foundation of rural commerce network. With the rapid development of computer technology and geographic information system (GIS) technology, constructing digital distribution system is an important direction for the development of computer technology. Based on the design idea of Flex Viewer in Flex, this paper designs a user-friendly route search algorithm based on ArcGIS API for Flex. On the basis of analyzing the implementation principle of ArcGIS Server’s tile map, a customized-naming-format tile map was obtained through the Flex communication technology (out of Arc GIS Server map service) and applied to the map demonstration for distribution route search. Finally, we tested the accuracy of the algorithm, load performance and real-time level. The test results met the design requirements.

3D documentation on Chinese Hakka Tulou and Internet-based virtual experience for cultural tourism: A case study of Yongding County, Fujian

Abstract Hakka culture, the material and spiritual wealth of the Hakka, originated in Xijin Dynasy (266 AD) and manifests in the forms of language, folk customs, architecture, relationship, etc. Yongding County, the Hakka culture resorts, are attracting more and more tourists home and abroad over the past few decades in China. Known as the living fossil of the ancient Chinese culture, Hakka culture has not been well studied and Tulou (Hakka Earth Buildings), which still inhabited by the Hakka as their traditional and permanent house, have been poorly maintained. In this paper, a practice of 3D documentation on the Chinese Hakka culture within Yongding County, Fujian Province by a multidisciplinary approach was conducted, and an Internet-based virtual experience system for tour purpose was presented. First, the materials and knowledge of Hakka culture was surveyed and collected on site, including historical evolution, Tulou or its ruins or remains and folk customs. Then, the data sets associated with Tulou from terrestrial laser scanner, unmanned aerial vehicle and digital camera, are integrated in order to model in 3D realistic manner. Finally, an internet-based cloud-enabled 3D geographic information service system for Hakka culture (HCGISS) was developed with data storage on cloud end and service functions, such as scene loading and browsing, thematic cultural maps display, information query and online virtual experience for tour, tourist route navigation to users on browser end. The system provides the Internet-based virtual experience for cultural tour in 3D interactive way and a novel platform for Hakka culture presentation, cognition and heritage as well. It is helpful to awaken the public's awareness to protect the traditional unique Hakka culture.

The Evolution of GIS Services within North American Academic Libraries: Documenting Change through the Decades (1995–2016)

This review was conducted to identify articles written about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) services offered in the United States (US) and Canadian university and college libraries. In the early 1990's, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) GIS Literacy Project, in partnership with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), helped enable ARL member libraries to create GIS services within their libraries. By the mid to late 1990's, librarians from academic institutions began to write articles that discussed how their library developed GISservices and the components involved with operating a GIS service. Writing about GIS services in academic libraries continued on into the 2000's and 2010's. This review of the literature will document the areas of staffing, service, technology, and data provision for GIS service units from three decades (1990's, 2000's, and 2010's).

Development of Web GIS for information of renewable energy in Aceh Province after rehabilitation and reconstruction process

There are a lot of renewable energy potentials that is spread in numerous locations in Aceh Province. These potentials can be developed into energy source that can be utilized to fulfill the need of energy in the area. It is unfortunate that the information about the potentials is still hard to find, regardless the abundance of spatial data that were produced during the rehabilitation and reconstruction process, including data related to the renewable energy. Therefore, this research was conducted to develop an application of information technology, especially Web Geographic Information System (GIS) for renewable energy potential. The objective of this research was to fulfill the needs of relevant agencies for the Web GIS-based information technology applications to manage information on renewable energy potential in an interactive and integrated way. This research used components of Free Open Source System (FOSS) to develop a Web-based geospatial information technology application. The component consists of GeoServer as a GIS server, PostgreSQL as a geographic databases management system, QGIS as Desktop GIS for spatial data preparation and GeoExt as the framework in developing user interfaces for the Web GIS. The result of combining those components was a Web GIS that displayed areas with its renewable energy potential which was organized for each area along with legends for the map information. The Web GIS is equipped with search feature and tooltips function to select any areas and bring up detailed information of renewable energy potential of the area.

Mapping User Needs: Detailed GIS Services at the University of Nevada, Reno

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is now widely observed to be a valuable tool that can be applied to teaching, learning, and research in many disciplines across academic campuses. The University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Libraries are offering GIS support in the form of walk-in consultation sessions for the campus community. To learn more about what happens during GIS consultations the UNR GIS team gathered detailed data during the spring 2015 semester about its patrons and the functionality they are using. This knowledge can now be used to reevaluate and improve future GIS tutoring services at UNR Libraries. Lastly, this information is believed to be valuable to other academic libraries providing similar services.

Targeting Disciplines for GIS Outreach Using Bibliometric Analysis

Academic libraries increasingly offer geospatial services to support the teaching and research activities of all university disciplines. Ironically, services tend to be most used by those who are already routinely using geographic information systems (GIS) in their research and similar activities. We present a workflow by which library-based GIS service providers can identify, connect, and foster relationships with potential GIS users who stand to benefit the most from their services. Potential users include those who are not currently aware of GIS and its potential contribution to their particular discipline. The workflow begins with a bibliometric analysis to assess trends in the usage of GIS across a variety of disciplines. The result of the bibliometric analysis is a categorized list of those departments that stand to benefit the most from GIS services, based on Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Library-based GIS service providers can partner with liaison-librarians who serve as “change agents” to bring geospatial services into those disciplines not involved with GIS. From this, GIS service providers and liaison-librarians can connect with “opinion leaders” within each department to help diffuse GIS throughout their discipline by helping to organize seminars where library GIS service providers can educate departmental faculty. The goal of this workflow is to help library-based GIS service providers identify and collaborate with faculty who stand to benefit the most from GIS services at the library.