Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity Research Articles

Bioactivity of <i>Lantana camara</i> Flowers: Antilithiatic and Nephroprotective Implications in Male Wistar Rats

Lantana camara is a well-known medicinal plant with various reported therapeutic compounds. This study explores the antilithiatic and nephroprotective effects of Lantana camara flower hydroalcoholic extract. Using animal models and cell culture, we assessed its impact on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis and gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis model revealed elevated levels of calcium, phosphate, and oxalate, indicating the formation of calculi. Treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract resulted in a significant decrease in uric acid levels, reducing the likelihood of calculi formation. Additionally, the animals treated with the extract showed reduced levels of urea, and creatinine, indicating improved kidney function. The results highlighted the notable difference between the preventive and curative treatments. In the HEK-293 cell culture, the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of abnormal cell morphology induced by gentamicin, a nephrotoxic drug. The extract also exhibited a marked improvement in cell growth compared to the standard treatment. The findings of this study provide substantial evidence supporting the antilithiatic and nephroprotective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lantana camara flowers. The extract effectively reduced the risk of calculi formation, improved renal parameters, and demonstrated potential in mitigating drug-induced nephrotoxicity. These results validate the traditional claims regarding the efficacy of Lantana camara as a therapeutic agent for kidney-related disorders. The hydroalcoholic extract of Lantana camara flowers could serve as a valuable alternative treatment option, offering potential benefits in the management of lithiasis and nephrotoxicity.

In Vivo Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Carica papaya Seeds and Its Isolated Flavonoid on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats.

Background The nephrotoxic side effects of gentamicin, a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic, significantly restrict its clinical use. Identifying compounds that can mitigate this nephrotoxicity is of paramount importance. The research examines how the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (EECPS) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid separated from them, protect the kidneys and fight free radicals in gentamicin-treated Wistar albino rats. Methodology A total of 48 mature Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups, with each group consisting of six rats. The experimental setup included a normal control group receiving oral saline as a negative control, and a standard control group administered gentamicin intraperitoneally (IP) at 100 mg/kg body weight for 13 days to induce nephrotoxicity, followed by oral silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight as a positive control from days 14 to 21. A toxicant control group was exposed to gentamicin IP without subsequent treatment. Two test groups were given 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of EECPS orally after being given gentamicin. Three other test groups were given 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg of ISL orally after being given gentamicin. Serum levels of creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used to test renal function. Malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH), which are signs of oxidative stress, were also measured in renal tissues. Results Gentamicin administration markedly increased serum creatinine, urea, and BUN levels, confirming its nephrotoxic effect. Nephroprotection depended on the dose of EECPS and ISL used. It was found that 80 mg/kg of ISL had the most powerful effect, which was not what was thought at first. These treatments effectively reduced MDA and NO levels while enhancing GSH levels, exhibiting their strong antioxidant properties. Notably, the nephroprotective efficacy of these treatments exceeded that of silymarin, a known nephroprotective agent. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced renal damage and enhanced tissue repair in the treated groups. Conclusions These findings demonstrate how effective EECPS and ISL are at shielding the kidneys from gentamicin-caused damage. They do this by acting as antioxidants and nephroprotectants. Their ability to protect kidney function and fight oxidative stress makes them interesting as possible treatments for gentamicin-related kidney damage. These results advocate for further investigation into the utility of these natural compounds in the management of nephrotoxicity.

Exploring Nephroprotective Properties of <i>Wedelia chinensis: In Vitro, In Silico,</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Investigations

The purpose of this research work is to investigate the nephroprotective efficacy of Wedelia chinensis leaf extracts against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity for in vitro, in silico, and in vivo techniques. The extracts of Wedelia chinensis leaf rich in flavonoids were subjected to an in silico method for ligands and target proteins. The results of the in vitro antioxidant study of extracts were tested for cytoprotective MTT assay and anti-inflammatory efficacy by protein denaturation assay using Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK293). The in vivo nephroprotective potential of the extract was evaluated with the two doses of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight in gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. The biochemical parameters observed for changes in the histopathology of the kidney. While comparing with other extracts of Wedelia chinensis Hydroalcoholic Extract (WCHAE) shows great binding affinity with bonding interactions of flavonoids and phenolics-based ligands observed with the target proteins that provided early information. The in vitro cell lines study revealed no cytotoxicity and better anti-inflammatory effect on HEK293 cells with cytoprotective and nephroprotective efficacy of WCHAE. The in vivo nephroprotective activity improved at a dose of 500mg/kg of WCHAE than Wedelia chinensis Ethanolic Extract (WCEE). The histopathological findings revealed the improvement in gentamicin-induced renal toxicity by the WCHAE orally treated group compared to normal and negative control groups. These results of WCHAE are more satisfactorily effective than WCEE with marked in vitro antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects in HEK293 cells. In in silico docking, it shows good interaction scores of ligands for target proteins like (kidney injury molecule) KIM-1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NAGAL) that helps to correlate nephroprotective potential benefits of antioxidants in plant extracts against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Nephroprotective effect of Dapsone against Gentamicin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Nephrotoxicity is one of the major complications and clinical limitations of gentamicin. This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of dapsone against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
 Twenty-four healthy rats weighing between (270-300) g were equally divided into three groups, eight rats in each group: control group received normal saline (2mL/kg/day I.P.) for 10 days , gentamicin group received (100 mg/kg/day I.P.) for 10 days, and dapsone group received (5 mg/kg/day p.o) concomitantly with gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day I.P.) for 10 days. At the end of experiment, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological examination.
 Dapsone exhibited nephroprotective effect manifested by a significant decrease in serum levels of BUN, creatinine and KIM-1 with a significant increase total protein serum level. Besides, it improves oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers of tissues, which was demonstrated by improving histological changes when compared to the gentamicin group. In conclusion, dapsone has a nephroprotective effect by counteracting the renal deleterious effect of gentamicin .

Eucalyptol regulates Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling and alleviates gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats by downregulating oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is nowadays widely used in the treatment of gram-negative microorganisms. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of eucalyptol, a type of saturated monoterpene, have been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of eucalyptol on gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. A total of 32 rats were divided into 4 groups; Control (C), Eucalyptol (EUC), Gentamicin (GEN), and Gentamicin + Eucalyptol (GEN + EUC). In order to induce renal toxicity, 100 mg/kg gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 consecutive days in the GEN and GEN + EUC groups. EUC and GEN + EUC groups were given 100 mg/kg orally of eucalyptol for 10 consecutive days. Afterwards, rats were euthanized and samples were taken and subjected to histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and real-time PCR examinations. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were significantly decreased in the GEN + EUC group (0.76 and 0.69-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in the GEN + EUC group (1.35 and 2.67-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. In GEN group, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Caspase-3, 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) expression levels were found to be quite irregular. GEN + EUC group decreased the expressions of NF-kB, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, Caspase-3, and 8-OHdG (0.55, 0.67, 0.54, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.67-fold, respectively), while it caused increased expression of Nrf2 (3.1 fold). In addition, eucalyptol treatment ameliorated the histopathological changes that occurred with gentamicin. The results of our study show that eucalyptol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, nephroprotective, and curative effects on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Nephroprotective Effect of the Leaf Extract of Ajuga remota Benth Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice.

Drug-induced kidney injury was among the most common renal damages, from which gentamicin occupies around 25% of this injury. Gentamicin-induced renal damage is caused by increased free radicals with subsequent amplified inflammation. Ajuga remota leaf extract has many phytochemicals with antioxidant activities, which may improve gentamicin-induced renal damage. Thus, we aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of Ajuga remota leaf methanolic extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. An experimental study design was used on 30 experimental mice randomly allocated in six groups: Group I, II, II, IV, and VI, among which mice were given only distilled water, only gentamicin, 600 mg/kg Ajuga remota leaf extract only, gentamicin along with 200 mg/kg extract, gentamicin with 400 mg/kg extract and gentamicin with 600 mg/kg extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed after being anaesthetized, and blood samples were collected through a cardiac puncture for renal function tests while the kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. The data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis using one-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Group II mice had significantly higher levels of serum creatinine and blood urea levels compared to group I and III. The body weight of the mice in group V and group VI showed a significant increase compared with Group II. Serum creatinine and blood urea levels were reduced significantly in the Ajuga remota leaf extract administered group of mice compared to group II. Abnormal kidney architectural changes were seen among group II mice; however, those changes were improved after administration of Ajuga remota leaf methanolic extract. Methanol extract of Ajuga remota leaf provided effective protection against gentamicin-induced oxidative renal damage through its antioxidant effects.

Hinokitiol attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by reversing oxidative stress and inflammation

IntroductionGentamicin (GEN) is a nephrotoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic, Hinokitiol, also known as (sng yóu chn) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a natural substance derived from the wood of certain coniferous trees, whereas hinokitiol (HE) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aims to determine the protective role of HE in GEN-induced kidney injury. MethodsAdult male Wistar rats were separated into three groups: one treated with GEN, one treated with GEN plus pre-treated with HE, and one treated with vehicle. The levels of creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood were measured. Histopathological alterations in renal tissues were evaluated, and inflammatory markers (TNF- α, NF-κB) were detected. ResultsGEN-induced nephrotoxicity raised plasma creatinine, urea, and MDA levels while decreasing SOD levels. The combination of HE and GEN considerably reduced these effects. Renal tissues from GEN-treated rats showed lymphoid infiltration and tubular atrophy, whereas these were significantly decreased in the HE pre-treatment group. HE pre-treatment substantially reduced elevated TNF-α and NF-κB in GEN-administered animals. ConclusionThe study shows that HE protects against GEN-induced kidney damage, attributed to decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. These findings point to the possible therapeutic utility of HE in the treatment of GEN-related nephrotoxicity.

Investigation of the effects of crocin on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, NF-κB, TLR-4 and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The primary limitation of gentamicin (Gm) treatment is its potential to induce nephrotoxicity, which can restrict both its duration and efficacy. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Crocin (Cr) against Gm-induced nephrotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms, including inflammation, apoptosis, TLR-4, Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways. 36 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups for the study. Group I received only saline. Groups II and III were administered 25 and 50 mg/kg of crocin, respectively. Group IV was treated with 80 mg/kg of Gm. Groups V and VI received 25 and 50 mg/kg of crocin, respectively, in addition to Gm administration. Crocin demonstrated protective effects on kidney tissue. It down-regulated the genes NF-κB, COX-2, TLR-4, Bax, and Caspase-3, while up-regulating Bcl-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1. In conclusion, these findings hold promise for the prevention of Gm-induced nephrotoxicity through the modulation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Review of Treatments with Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Prevention Potential

Aminoglikozitler, düşük maliyetleri, yüksek etkililikleri ve diğer antibiyotiklere kıyasla nispeten düşük bakteri direncine sahip olmaları nedeniyle dünya çapında sıklıkla kullanılan antibiyotikler arasındadır. Yaygın kullanımlarına ve olumlu etkilerine karşın böbrek proksimal tübülüs epitel hücrelerinde birikerek toksisite gelişimine neden olabilme ihtimalleri bu ilaçların rahatça kullanımını sınırlamaktadır. Aminoglikozitlere bağlı oluşabilecek nefrotoksisiteye karşı koruyucu olması ümidiyle deney hayvanlarında birçok farmakolojik ajan denenmiş olmasına rağmen hali hazırda rutin olarak kullanılan bir nefroprotektan ajan bulunamamıştır. Çalışmaların çoğunda nefrotoksisite oluşturmak için aminoglikozitlerin prototipi olarak gentamisin kullanılmıştır. Muhtemel koruyucu etkinliği değerlendirmek için antioksidan indeksler, inflamatuar yanıtlar ve apoptotik belirteçler değerlendirilmiştir. Doğal ürünler, vitamin ve mineraller, hormonlar ve birçok konvansiyonel ilaç nefrotoksisiteyi önlemek için potansiyel etkiler göstermiştir. Ayrıca, sadece kullanılan ajan değil uygulama yolu ve süresine göre de sonuçların değişebildiği görülmektedir. Konuyla ilgili çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, net sonuçlar elde etmek için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekliliği açıktır. Bu çalışmada, nefrotoksisite oluşturma potansiyeli taşıyan aminoglikozitlerden gentamisin kullanılarak kemirgenler üzerinde son on yılda yapılan klinik öncesi araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalarda tedavi ve koruma amacı ile kullanılan ajanlar, doğal ürünler, mineral ve vitaminler, hormonlar, kimyasal ajanlar ve konvansiyonel ilaçlar olarak gruplandırılmış ve kullanılan ajanların ne kadar geniş bir spektrumda olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Her bir çalışmada değerlendirmede kullanılan parametreler konusunda bilgi verilerek ileride yapılacak araştırmalarda çalışmaların karşılaştırılabilir olması için standardizasyona katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.

Dihydromyricetin protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity via upregulation of renal SIRT3 and PAX2

AimGentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity limits its widespread use as an effective antibacterial agent. Oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic cell death are major participants in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. We therefore, investigated whether dihydromyricetin (DHM), the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid, could protect against the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin. MethodsMale Wistar rats administrated gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 8 days. DHM (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was concurrently given with gentamicin for 8 days. Control group received the vehicle of DHM and gentamicin. Histopathological examinations, biochemical measurements and immunohistochemical analyses were done at the end of the study. Key findingsTreatment with DHM improved the gentamicin induced deterioration of renal functions; serum levels of urea, creatinine and cystatin–C as well as urinary levels of Kim-1 and NGAL, the sensitive indicators for early renal damage, were declined. Additionally, DHM abrogated gentamicin-induced changes in kidney morphology. These nephroprotective effects were possibly mediated via decreasing renal gentamicin buildup, activating the antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT and decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels. Further, DHM suppressed renal inflammation and apoptotic cell death by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-alpha and caspase-3. These effects were correlated to the upregulation of renal SIRT3 expression. Also, DHM activated the regeneration and replacement of injured tubular cells with new ones via enhancing PAX2 expression. SignificanceDHM is a promising therapeutic target that could prevent acute renal injury induced by gentamicin and help renal tubular cells to recover through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.

Therapeutic Effect of Chitosan-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in Wistar Rats

Background: Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic frequently used to treat severe gram-negative infections. However, due to nephrotoxicity, its clinical application is restricted. Several lines of evidence indicate that free radicals are important mediators of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the potential antioxidant therapeutic value of ZnO-chitosan nanoparticles on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (6 rats/group). All groups except group 1 were injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) for eight days. On day 9, rats of groups 1 and 2 were administrated distilled water, and those of groups 3 and 4 were administrated 1/10 and 1/20 LD50 of ZnO-CS-NPs continuously for 30 days. Results: Treatment with ZnO-CS NPs caused a significant decrease in urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, microalbumin, and malondialdehyde levels; this was accompanied by a significant increase in kidney glutathione reduced, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase. Conclusion: The findings of the current study revealed that ZnO-CS NP ameliorated kidney injury against gentamicin induced-acute kidney injury in rats by its antioxidant properties.

LC/MS-Based Profiling of Hedyotis aspera Whole-Plant Methanolic Extract and Evaluation of Its Nephroprotective Potential against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Supported by In Silico Studies

Many high-altitude plants, such as Hedyotis aspera, need to be explored for their possible medicinal value. The current study explored the protective effect of Hedyotis aspera methanolic extract whole plant (HAME) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It profiled their phytocontents using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analytic methods. The LC-MS analysis of HAME revealed 27 compounds. Eight compounds followed Lipinski’s rule of five and were found to be potential TNF-α inhibitors with binding affinities of −6.9, −6.3, −6.3, and −6.3 Kcal/mol, such as 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycocernuine and muzanzagenin. All potential compounds were found to be safe according to the ADMET analysis. The in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH) assay assessed the antioxidant activity. The nephroprotective activity was assessed in rats using a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model. The in vivo analysis involved histological examination, tissue biochemical evaluation, including a kidney function test, catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the inflammatory mediator TNF-α. Based on DPPH activity, HAME showed a scavenging activity IC50 of 264.8 ± 1.2 µg/mL, while results were compared with a standard vitamin C IC50 of 45 ± 0.45 µg/mL. Nephrotoxicity was successfully induced, as shown by elevated creatinine and uric acid levels, decreased kidney antioxidant levels, and increased TNF-α in gentamicin-treated rats. The HAME treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine and uric acid levels, increased GSH (p &lt; 0.01 **), CAT (p &lt; 0.01 **), and SOD (p &lt; 0.001 ***), and decreased TNF-α (p &lt; 0.001 ***) in nephrotoxic rats. The histopathological examination of the groups treated with HAME revealed a notable enhancement in the structural integrity of the kidneys as compared to the group exposed to gentamicin. Biochemical, histopathological, and phytochemical screening of HAME suggests that it has nephroprotective potential, owing to the presence of 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycopene, and muzanzagenin.

Exacerbation of Symptoms of Renal Toxicity by Aqueous Extract of &lt;i&gt;Cyperus esculentus&lt;/i&gt; in a Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity Model

Oxidative stress plays a central role in the mechanism of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant properties of Cyperus esculentus (CE) have been reported. This study aimed to explore its potential in ameliorating symptoms of nephrotoxicity in a gentamicin-induced model. Tubers of CE were extracted with distilled water. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard protocols. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of five animals each and treated for 8 days: Group I received normal saline, Group II (Gentamicin group)-gentamicin 80 mg/kg + distilled water, Group III-V were administered 80 mg/kg gentamicin +100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CE respectively 1 hour after gentamicin treatment. The rats were anesthetized and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. The gentamicin group showed significant increase in serum urea and creatinine levels compared to the control group. Cyperus esculentus resulted in a further elevation of these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in serum potassium and a significant decrease in bicarbonate at 400 mg/kg CE. Histological results further buttressed the biochemical findings. In conclusion, oral administration of Cyperus esculentus in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity resulted in a further elevation in serum levels of urea, creatinine, and potassium as well as a decrease in serum bicarbonate, and failed to protect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

The Nephroprotective Effect of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) and Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity on Wistar Rats with Emphasis on the Evaluation of Novel Renal Biomarkers and the Antioxidant Capacity in Correlation with Nitro-Oxidative Stress.

In spite of its well-known nephrotoxicity, gentamicin is nonetheless routinely used in humans and animals. However, no adjuvant treatments have been implemented to mitigate this harmful effect. Given this concern, medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of natural antioxidants that could potentially reduce the renal oxidative stress induced by gentamicin. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the nephroprotective properties of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruits in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity. The 3-week study was performed on male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into six experimental groups, being subcutaneously treated with 50 mg/kg gentamicin and orally given Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia extracts, in doses of 40 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant therapy significantly improved the nitro-oxidative stress parameters as well as the specific renal biomarkers KIM-1 and iNAG, demonstrating a considerable renal tubular protective impact. These outcomes were reinforced by biochemical and histopathological enhancements. Nevertheless, neither of the tested extracts succeeded in substantially diminishing BUN levels. Additionally, CysC did not significantly decline following extracts treatment, suggesting that the remedies did not effectively protect renal glomeruli against gentamicin stress. Future studies are required in order to determine the underlying mechanisms of these berries.

Protective effects of Piper crocatum ethanol extract on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Background: The kidney is one of the main target organs of toxic substances, including drugs. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is thought to be caused by the formation of oxidative stress and can be prevented by antioxidants. Piper crocatum has potent antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aims to determine the nephroprotective activity of Piper crocatum. Method: The study used Wistar rats in five groups (normal, negative, and ethanol extract of Piper crocatum with doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW). The nephrotoxicity was induced by gentamicin for eight days. On the ninth day, the kidney function parameters (blood, urea, nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid) and malondialdehyde levels were measured, and kidney histology analysis was performed. Results: The results demonstrated that the extracts show lower kidney function parameters and malondialdehyde levels than the negative control. Conclusion: Piper crocatum is a potential nephroprotective agent.

Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Chenopodium album extracts and their effects on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

This study aims to examine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of Chenopodium album extracts (CAE) prepared with different solvents, and how C. album ethanol extract protects them against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Extracts of C. album aerial parts were obtained from ethanol, water, methanol, chloroform, and hexane solvents. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were used and gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity was utilized as a model. The water extract of C. album exhibited no antimicrobial effect, whereas the methanol one created the highest zone diameter on Bacillus cereus (26 mm). The methanol extract displayed the highest activity in DPPH and ABTS. The ethanol extract yielded the highest reducing power in the CUPRAC. The water extract had the highest reducing power in the FRAP. Concerning gentamicin-induced renal damage, creatinine and urea levels in the blood were statistically higher in the gentamicin-C. album group compared to the other groups (p < .05). Urea and creatinine levels of the gentamicin-C. album group dropped significantly, indicating that the C. album was effective against renal damage. The sections from kidney tissues in the gentamicin + C. album group mostly exhibited mild glomerular congestion. Hyaline cast, cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis, and apoptosis were not observed. Thanks to C. album treatment, the gentamicin + C. album suffered less histopathological damage than the gentamicin group did. The results of the present study suggest that CAE can be used as a supportive treatment in people undergoing treatment for nephrotoxicity.

Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract Abelmoschus manihot l. Leaves in gentamicin-induced mice

Nephrotoxicity is the most common side effect of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic group. It was mediated by oxidative stress mechanisms. Abelmoschus manihot L. leaves (AML) have antioxidant activity flavonoids. This study aims to determine the nephroprotective effect of AML in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity using mice models. It conducted an experimental design study in a pharmacology laboratory using mice models. It was conducted experimentally in 7 groups. There are normal, solvent, negative control, and four test groups (given an ethanolic extract of AML at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW) which were administered orally for 7 days. Gentamicin 112 mg/kgBW was induced intraperitoneally on the 8th day. All mice were anesthetized on the 11th day to collect blood serum and renal organs for further examination. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for One Way ANOVA test and followed by Duncan's post-hoc analysis test. The difference is considered significant if the p-value &lt;0.05. Gentamicin successfully induced renal damage based on increasing creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. This was by histopathology analysis which showed renal necrosis in the negative control group. Ethanolic extract of AML prevents nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin in a dose-dependent manner in creatinine level but not in BUN and histopathology. However, taken together all results showed that ethanol extract of AML has a nephroprotective effect in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.&#x0D; Keywords: Abelmoschus manihot L., gentamicin, nephroprotection, renal histopathology

Nephroprotective effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four selected Indian Medicinal Plants in Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxic Wistar Rats

All the selected Indian medicinal plants, Ficus religiosa; Tinospora cordifolia; Moringa oleifera; Boerhaevia diffusa have profound pharmacological uses which have been proved by the study of Ayurvedic literature. An Aminoglycoside like Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic in combination with beta-lactams for the treatment of systemic infection. The major risk associated with Gentamicin is nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity The present study was done to evaluate the comparative Nephroprotective effects of four selected Indian medicinal plant extracts in albino Wistar rats in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Hydroalcoholic extracts of stem bark of Ficus religiosa, stem of Tinospora cordifolia, leaves of Moringa oleifera and roots of Boerhaevia diffusa were used at two doses levels of 200, and 400mg/kg respectively to evaluate Nephroprotective activity in albino Wistar rats by interfering Body weight, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum creatinine (Serum Creatinine), Serum total proteins, Urine volume, Urine creatinine, Creatinine clearance with Histopathology of Kidney. To observe the effect of various treatments on animals the rats were divided into Eleven groups, Six in each group. Urine creatinine, serum urea, and blood urea nitrogen were found to be significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in rats treated with only gentamicin; whereas treatment with the Hydroalcoholic extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia and root of Boerhaevia diffusa reversed the effect of gentamicin indicating nephroprotective activity in compared to other plant extract treated animals. The Hydroalcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Boerhaevia diffusa at a dose level of 400mg/kg was found to be rich in flavonoids, polyphenolics, and other phytoconstituents which are responsible for good nephroprotective action in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Evaluation of the protective effect of Raspberry ketone in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Evaluation of the protective effect of Raspberry ketone in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Gentisic acid mitigates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The current investigation was considered to evaluate the beneficial effects of gentisic acid (GA) on gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys through assessment of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes. Rats were split into five equal groups. Rats were treated with GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 consecutive days and GEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated from day 8 to day 14 of the experiment. On the 15th day, blood samples were collected to determine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed in the renal tissue. Histopathological evaluations were done to confirm the biochemical results. GEN increased the levels of NGAL, KIM-1, BUN, and Cr in serum as well as MDA, NO, GSH, TNF-α, and IL-1β in renal tissue. Moreover, GEN administration reduced the activity of CAT, SOD, and GPx in renal tissue. Nonetheless, the administration of GA before and alongside GEN mitigated these deleterious effects. In conclusion, GA has a beneficial effect on biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity.