Infection Of Genitourinary System Research Articles

Investigation of the Relationship Between Genitourinary System Infection in Pregnancy and Preterm Delivery-Retrospective Case Control Study

Aim: In our study, the relationship between preterm birth and genitourinary system infections during pregnancy was investigated Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective study. Patients who gave birth in our hospital between 2013 and 2023 were included in the study. Our study was carried out with 1005 patients, 504 cases and 501 control groups. Births between 20 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation were taken as preterm birth. Patients with singleton pregnancy were included in the study. SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, Ver.26) statistical package program was used for statistical analysis of our study. Results: A total of 1005 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 27.98±4.8. In our study, the rate of preterm birth in the control group was 13. As a result of our study, the rate of preterm birth was found to be statistically significantly higher in the group diagnosed with infection during pregnancy compared to the control group (p=0.000). The risk of preterm birth was found to be 5.6 times higher in the group diagnosed with infection during pregnancy compared to the control group (Odds Ratio: 5.593). Conclusion: Having genitourinary system infection during pregnancy leads to a significant increase in the risk of preterm birth.

Epidemiology and risk factors of nosocomial infections in a Chinese tertiary-care hospital: a 10-year retrospective case–control study

Background Nosocomial infections (NIs) are the most frequent adverse events among patients and cause a heavy burden on both health and economics. To investigate epidemiology of NIs and identify risk factors for NIs by integrating continuous long-term surveillance data. Methods We performed an observational study among inpatients at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Infection rates, mortality rates and percentage of NIs were calculated. Trends of yearly infection rates by pathogens were assessed using Mann-Kendall trend test. Controls were matched to cases (2:1) by age (±2 years), sex, admission date (±1 year) and admission diagnosis, and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Results A total of 1,534,713 inpatients were included among which 33,468 NIs cases occurred with an infection rate of 2.18%. The most common infections were respiratory system infection (52.22%), bloodstream infection (17.60%), and genitourinary system infection (15.62%). Acinetobacter. baumannii (9.6%), Klebsiella. pneumoniae (9.0%), Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (8.6%), Escherichia. coli (8.6%) and Enterococcus. faecium (5.0%) were the top five isolated pathogens. Infection rates of K. pneumoniae and carbapenems-resistant K. pneumoniae significantly increased. Prior ICU stay, surgery, any device placement (including central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, and tracheotomy), prior use of triple or more antibiotics combinations, carbapenem, and β-Lactamase inhibitors were significantly associated with NIs. Conclusion K. pneumoniae has the potential to cause a clinical crisis with increasing infection rates and carbapenem resistance. Clinical management of invasive operations and antibiotics use should be further strengthened.

How does gender affect ureaplasma and mycoplasma growth and antimicrobial susceptibility rates?

The aim of this study was to assess the presence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum agents, their distribution between male and female, and differences in antibiotic susceptibility in samples sent from Hisar Intercontinental Hospital's various clinics with the preliminary diagnosis of genitourinary system infection. The Mycoplasma IES test was used to identify M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and to determine antibiotic susceptibility results, in samples taken from patients. The findings of mycoplasma and ureaplasma culture testing samples requested between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively from our records. M. hominis was found to be positive in 7.37% of the examinations, U. urealyticum was found to be positive in 34.98% of the examinations, and either of them were found to be positive in 22.01% of the examinations. The growth rate of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum was determined to be 24.95% in females and 10.13% in males, with the growth rate in females being greater and statistically significant (p < 0.001). According to the antibiotic susceptibility test results, clarithromycin (R 17.91%) was the most susceptible antibiotic overall for both microorganisms, while clindamycin (R 90.28%) was the most resistant. Depending on the sex, clarithromycin (R 18.40%) was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic in females, and levofloxacin (R 10.87%) to be the most susceptible in males. Given the presence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections, especially in the presence of risky conditions such as pregnancy, laboratory tests for the diagnosis of these agents should be used in such studies since no urogenital infections were detected in the routine cultures of the patients followed up with the suspicion of urogenital infection. Gender differences should also be considered as a parameter in the preference of antibiotics.

Factors affecting complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: A cohort study with 403 patients in a single center

Aim: Prostate cancer is among the common cancer types in male population. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Complications in this tissue sampling method were analyzed in the present study.Methods: A descriptive study with retrospective design was planned. A total of 403 patients who had 12 core TRUS guided prostate biopsy for the first time in December 2016 -November 2018 period were evaluated. Age of the patients, digital rectal examination finding, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate volumes and complications were analyzed.Results: Average age, serum total PSA level and prostate volume of patients were 63.2±8.53 years, 21.6±18.19 ng/mL and 65.63±20.19 cc, respectively. Genitourinary system infection was observed in 7.2% of the patients after the procedure. In terms of non-infection complications, 23.1% of patients had hematuria, 16.1% hematospermia and 2.2% rectal bleeding. On the other hand, 4.2% of the patients had vasovagal episodes and 0.7% had acute urinary retention. Of all patients, 8.9% were hospitalized due to observed complications.Conclusion: We conclude that TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic tool with low complication rates in patients with prostate cancer pre-diagnosis.

Evaluation of urologic emergency cases applying to emergency service

Introduction: Urological emergencies constitute a significant proportion of patients presenting to emergency services. In this study demographic data, clinical diagnosis and treatment options of urological emergency cases referred to Malatya Training and Research Hospital Emergency Service were evaluated retrospectively. Materials and Methods: 18658, which were evaluated as urological emergency from 717624 patients who applied for Malatya Training and Research Hospital Emergency Service between March 2017 and March 2018 for any reason, were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, such as age and gender of the patients, and medical treatments applied o clinics were evaluated. Findings: 47.2% of the patients were male (mean age: 43.7), 52.8% were female (mean age: 39.9), 6.7% were children, 11.3% were 70 years or above. The number of patients who were diagnosed with genitourinary system infection was 8549. There were 4536 patients with acute renal colic, 67 patients with massive macroscopic hematuria. When 74 cases with genitourinary system trauma were evaluated, minor and major renal injuries were seen most frequently. 73 of the patients were surgically operated. A total of 5 (0.02%) patients with two major renal traumas, 2 Fournier gangrene and 1 gunshot injury to the scrotum region were referred to the secondary center after the first visit to the emergency center. Conclusion: Urological emergencies that are frequently encountered in the emergency department should be evaluated quickly by the emergency physician and should be referred to a urology specialist. Having a detailed knowledge of the urological experience of the urologist and assessing the patient quickly and making the necessary intervention in the shortest time can be lifesaving.

PCR diagnostics of Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic infection by women.

Chlamydial infection is often asymptomatic. The lack of symptoms may result in the infection developing into a chronic. Chlamydial infections of the genitourinary system in women can lead to serious complications like PID, fallopian tubes infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. An infection of the genitourinary system does not cause any lasting immune resistance and does not protect against re-infection. The aim of this research was to conduct tests for Chlamydia trachomatis on healthy women without any genital system symptoms and to estimate the frequency of asymptomatic infections. During preventive examinations a cervical smear was obtained from the patients n = 100. The aver-age age of the patients was 24.86 ± 3.15. The swabs were sampled by gynecologists. During the examinations Geneproof PathogenFree DNA isolation Kit and GeneProof Chlamydia trachomatis PCR kit which detects 16S rRNA conservative coding sequence, conservative region of cryptic plasmid DNA, including deletion mutation in cryptic plasmid (Swedish variant). Swabs were sampled from 100 women aged 18-32 who had no symptoms of chlamydial genitourinary system infection. Within the study group 4% of women received a positive result, i.e. 4/100. The study confirmed asymptotic infection in 4% of women. In own research it was not possible to confirm cor-relation between the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and the number of partners or the number of sexual intercourses.

The effect of radioactive iodine therapy on urine sterilization in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infection which necessitates antibiotics prescription. On the other hand, the appearance of antimicrobial resistance is one of the major health problems due to irrational antibiotic administration. Radio iodine therapy, using I-131 following thyroidectomy, is the standard treatment for the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). After the consumption of radioactive iodine, it mainly excretes through the urinary system. This study is aimed to assess the effect of radioactive iodine (I-131) in the eradication of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Methods: Between September 2015 and May 2017, all the patients with DTC who were hospitalized to Nuclear Medicine Department for radio iodine ablation therapy were enrolled in the study. Urine analysis and culture were done for all the patients before iodine administration. If the result of the urine assessment was positive for the infection, urine culture repeated 1 week later and compare with pre-treatment results. Results: Of 182 patients, 10 cases had abnormal urine culture results. Five patients had CFU under 100,000, therefore was not considered as ABU; however, two of these patients had sterile urine after the treatment. Our only positive case had post treatment sterile urine. Conclusion: Considering radioactive iodine urine excretion, high radiation induced by radioactive iodine that passes through urinary tract may eradicate infection of genitourinary system

Pelvic splenosis presented as pelvis mass and gross hematuria

Pevlic splenosis is a very rare condition, particularly when the condition is diagnosed during a hematuria workup. Hematuria can be caused by genitourinary system infection, urolithiasis, neoplasm, or trauma. Hematuria can be seen in patients with symptoms or without symptoms. The standard work-up for hematuria includes a computed tomography (CT) scan which can sometimes have incident findings that can make diagnosis difficult. We report a rare case of a 44-year-old patient with painless gross hematuria and the CT scan revealed a pelvic mass that was eventually confirmed to be a pelvic splenosis by a nuclear liver–spleen sulfur colloid scan.

Reactive arthritis.

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an immune-mediated seronegative arthritis that belongs to the group of spondyloarthropathies and develops after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary system infection. The condition is considered to be characterized by a triad of symptoms (conjunctivitis, arthritis and urethritis) although a constellation of other manifestations may also be present. ReA is characterized by psoriasiform dermatological manifestations that may resemble those of pustular psoriasis and, similar to guttate psoriasis, is a post-infectious entity. Also, the articular manifestations of the disorder are similar to those of psoriatic arthritis and both conditions show a correlation with HLA-B27. These facts have led several authors to suggest that there is a connection between ReA and psoriasis, listing ReA among the disorders related to psoriasis. However, the pathogenetic mechanism behind the condition is complex and poorly understood. Bacterial antigenicity, the type of host response (i.e. Th1/Th2 imbalance) and various genetic factors (i.e. HLA-B27 etc.) play an important role in the development of the disorder. It is unknown whether all the aforementioned factors are part of a mechanism that could be similar to, or share basic aspects with known psoriasis pathogenesis mechanisms.