Genital Hygiene Behavior Research Articles

The relationship between health literacy levels and genital hygiene behaviors in female university students

The relationship between health literacy levels and genital hygiene behaviors in female university students

EVALUATION OF GENITAL HYGIENE BEHAVIORS OF FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: IN TURKIYE

<b>Aim:</b> The study was conducted to evaluate the genital hygiene behaviors and orientations habits of female secondary school students in the adolescent period.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted in a descriptive and correlational design between February and June 2022 to determine.<b> </b><br /> The study population consisted of 355 female students studying in all high schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Vize district of Kırklareli province in Turkiye. It aimed to reach the entire population without determining the sample size. As a result, 194 female students who volunteered to participate in the study were included in the sample. In data collection, the "Personal Information Form" and "Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale" were applied using the face-to-face interview method.<br /> <b>Results:</b> It was found that the mean age of the students was 15.74±1.1, the majority of them lived with their parents, more than half of them (67.5%) didn’t receive information about genital care and hygiene, almost all of them (92.3%) used materials for cleaning the genital area, their genital hygiene behaviors were positive, and they thought that they were given inadequate education about hygiene at school or in classes. It was determined that the genital hygiene behaviors and menstrual hygiene of the students living with only a mother or father were more positive, and the use of materials for genital hygiene was higher in the students living in the city center and district compared to the students living in the village.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>As a result, it was observed that the mother's education level, family income level, and the person living with her positively affected general hygiene and menstrual hygiene habits.<br /> <b>Keywords:</b> Adolescent, hygiene, genital hygiene, behavior, nursing

Effects of planned education on genital hygiene behavior of adolescent females in a secondary school: A quasi-experimental study in northern Cyprus.

This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to determine the effect of planned education on the genital hygiene behaviors of secondary school female students in northern Cypurs. The research was conducted with 290 adolescents. Data were collected by using a personal information form and the Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale (GHBS). The paired sample t-test was used to analyze the data. It was determined that only 55.2 % of the adolescents received genital hygiene training, 11.7% had a genital infection and 48.6% used cosmetic products for the genital area. After education, there was a statistically significant increase in the GHBS scores and its dimensions, indicating the effectiveness and necessity of genital hygiene education. Genital hygiene education had a positive effect on the knowledge and practices of adolescent females. Therefore, planned education on genital hygiene, in which nurses play an important role, can be conducted regularly educations and home visits.

Genital Hygiene Behavior and its Relationship with Vaginitis

Purpose: To determine the relationship between genital hygiene behavior and the emergence of vaginitis,especially in female motorcycle taxi drivers at Jakarta areaPatients and methods: Subjects are 50 female motorcycle taxi drivers in Jakarta area who met inclusion/ exclusioncriteria. A questionnaire of genital hygiene behavior inventory (GHBI) was used to obtain the genital hygienebehavior among subjects. Vaginal examination and microbiological swab from vaginal discharge were thenperformed as diagnostic for any type of vaginitis. Data collected were then analyzed using SPSS application forunivariate and bivariate analysis to show subjects’ characteristics and to look for relationships between variables.Results: 62% of respondents are over 40 years old and most of them work more than 8 hours per day. Vaginitiswas found in 42% of drivers divided into 21 subjects with bacterial vaginosis (42%) and 8 subjects with vaginalcandidiasis (16%). There are more subjects with poor knowledge of general genital hygiene, menstrual hygienemanagement, and self-awareness of abnormal genital symptoms, but no statistically significant difference in theincidence of vaginitis and the total GHBI score (p>0,05). This study found a relationship between age and theincidence of vaginitis in female motorcycle taxi drivers in Jakarta area.Conclusion: There is no relationship between the GHBI score, duration of work, length of working experience,access to clean toilet and the incidence of vaginitis. There is a significant relationship between age and the incidenceof vaginitis in female motorcycle taxi drivers.

The Effect of Family Planning Methods Used and Vaginal Infection by Women Applying to Gynecology Polyclinic on Genital Hygiene Behaviors: Descriptive Study

The Effect of Family Planning Methods Used and Vaginal Infection by Women Applying to Gynecology Polyclinic on Genital Hygiene Behaviors: Descriptive Study

Investigation of University Students' Genital Hygiene Behaviors and Access to Genital Hygiene Products

Çalışma üniversitedeki kız öğrencilerin genital hijyen davranışları, ürünlerine erişim ve fiyat algılarını belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören, 300 kız öğrenci ile yapıldı. Veriler, literatüre dayalı sosyodemografik özellikler formu ve genital hijyen davranışları ölçeği kullanılarak yüz yüze toplandı. Veri analizinde SPSS 25,0 programı kullanılarak frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, t testi, ANOVA testleri kullanıldı. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin ölçek puan ortalaması 95,39±8,86 olarak bulundu. Genital hijyen ürünlerinden en çok kullanılan malzemenin ped (%70,3), sonrasında ise ağda (%12,3) olduğu tespit edildi. Genital hijyen ürün fiyatlarının pahalı olduğunu düşünenlerin sayısı oldukça fazla (n=240, %80,0) olmasına rağmen sadece %38,7’si ürünleri alırken maddi olarak zorlandıklarını belirtti. Sonuç olarak çalışmadan elde edilen bilgilere göre kız öğrencilerin genital hijyen davranışlarının olumlu olduğu ve konu ilgili yapılacak çalışmalarda genital hijyen ürünleri ve fiyatları hakkında eğilim gösterilmesi önerilmektedir.

The Relationship Between University Students' Coronavirus Awareness and Genital Hygiene Behaviors

Bu araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin koronavirüs farkındalıkları ile genital hijyen davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte tasarlanan araştırmanın evrenini bir devlet üniversitesinde 2020-2021 bahar döneminde öğrenim gören kız öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Örneklem ise 01.04.2021-31.05.2021 tarihleri arasında araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 430 kız öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, “Koronavirüs Farkındalık Ölçeği” ve “Genital Hijyen Davranışları Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzde ve frekans değerleri ile bağımsız bağımsız grup t testi, Anova ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Koronavirüs farkındalık ölçeği alt boyutlarına ilişkin puan ortalamaları; bulaşma tedbiri farkındalığı alt boyutunda 33,70±6,80, güncel gelişmeleri takip farkındalığı alt boyutunda 12,40±4,25 ve Hijyen Tedbiri Farkındalığı alt boyutunda 11,83±3,49 olarak bulunmuştur. Genital hijyen davranışları ölçeği alt boyutlarına ilişkin puan ortalamaları ise; genel hijyen davranışları alt boyutunda 46,58±5,77, adet hijyen davranışlarında 30,75±3,41 ve anormal bulgu farkındalığında 11,07±2,84 olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin koronavirüs farkındalığı ile genital hijyen davranışları arasında da pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Buna göre öğrencilerin koronavirüs farkındalıkları arttıkça genital hijyen davranışları da artmaktadır.

The effect of genital hygiene behaviors and vaginal douching of pregnant women on preterm labor.

To determine the effect of genital hygiene behavior (GHB) and vaginal douching (VD) of pregnant women on preterm labor (PTL). This study, which was conducted with 365 pregnant women, is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory (GHBI) was applied. The ratios of PTL diagnosis and VD practice, and mean GHBI scores of the pregnant women were 35.1%, 9.6%, and 64.42 ± 10.44, respectively. The prevalence of receiving a diagnosis of PTL was significantly higher in those who changed their underwear two to three times a week, took baths while sitting, cleansed their perineum with water using their hands, removed pubic hair at intervals of 2 months or longer, and performed VD. It was found that poor GHB and VD practices increased the rate of PTL and, in particular, VD was found to increase the risk of PTL around eight-fold. These results can help pregnant women to understand the relationship between genital hygiene and PTL and show the importance of being educated by health professionals about this issue.

“Sometimes I Feel Uglier than Ever”: Influences of Menstruation on Body Image among Women Living in Florence, Italy

Little is known about the cultural, social, and familial factors affecting Italian women’s body image during menstruation. This study aimed to understand the socio-cultural influences on menarche and menstruation and the impact on body image and genital hygiene behaviors among Italian women. Researchers conducted 28 interviews with English-speaking women ages 25–60 living in Florence, Italy, who had experienced menstruation or menopause. Results indicated that participants associated menstruation with shame, where they felt different from their peers due to bodily changes, leading to discomfort and negative emotions. Findings highlight menstruation’s impacts on overall health and well-being, including behaviors and feelings.

Evaluation of Genital Hygiene Behaviors and Vaginal Douching Practices of Married Women Aged 15-49 in Fertile Period

Objective: Analyzing the genital hygiene behaviors and vaginal douching practices of married women aged 15-49 in the fertile period. Materials and Methods: Married women aged 15-49 in the fertile period (N: 142) registered to the Family Health Center No 11 in Bornova District of İzmir province constituted the universe of the study, while 120 women accepting to participate in the study constituted its sample. Data were collected through the "Women's Descriptive Features Questionnaire" and "Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory (GHBI)". The t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used in independent samples with percentage calculations in evaluating data, while the correlation between variables was assessed with the chi-squared test. Results: The mean GHBI score of women is 78.36±9.3. A statistically significant difference between women’s educational background, income status, family type, vaginal douching, and complaints about a malodorous vaginal discharge experience among their socio-demographic features, and their mean GHBI score (p

COUNSELING ON THE PREVENTION OF VAGINAL DISCHARGE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH PERSONAL HYGIENE AT HIDAYATUN NAJAH SAMIRAN VILLAGE PROPPO SUB-DISTRICT PAMEKASAN DISTRICT

women who experience vaginal discharge as much as 75%, mostly 50% occur in adolescents, 25% in women of childbearing age (WUS). Vaginal discharge in adolescents usually occurs before and after menstruation which is physiological. If the behavior of genital hygiene care is not good, it can be the cause of pathological vaginal discharge which causes discomfort and in the long term can cause pelvic infection and infertility. One of the factors inhibiting healthy behavior is the lack of knowledge and awareness of individuals about genital hygiene including the prevention and treatment of vaginal discharge. The purpose of this activity is to determine the relationship between the knowledge of adolescent girls about vaginal discharge and genital hygiene behavior. The targets of this activity are female students at Hidayatun Najah Mts, Samiran Village, Proppo District, Pamekasan. The evaluation provides an opportunity for female students to ask questions and provides an opportunity to explain again about vaginal discharge. Adolescent girls need to be given information on how to clean the reproductive organs properly and correctly. In addition, it is also necessary to encourage them to actively seek out information about reproductive health, especially providing lessons on genital organ care such as toileting techniques, using underpants that are not tight, changing underpants, and using non-perfumed soap.

Determining the Facilities for Maintaining Genital Hygiene and Genital Hygiene Behaviors among Women of Reproductive Age

Aim: This study was conducted to determine facilities for maintaining genital hygiene and genital hygiene behaviors among women of reproductive age. Materials and methods:This descriptive study was conducted with 301 women who presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital between August and October 2022. The study data were collected using a descriptive information form and the Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale(GHBS). Results:Participants' mean scores were found as 50.30±5.10 on the hygiene habits sub-dimension, 33.96±4.32 on the menstrual hygiene sub-dimension, 12.56±2.28 on the abnormal finding awareness sub-dimension, and 96.82±9.04 on the total GHBS. The mean GHBS scores of women who had primary education, lived in a large family, did not work in a paid job, had not received genital hygiene education, found their genital hygiene knowledge inadequate, had financial difficulties and felt embarrassed when purchasing genital hygiene products, had a fear of menstrual blood leakage, and experienced blood leakage accidents were lower (p<.05). While the most frequently used product for menstrual hygiene by 97.7% of women was sanitary pads, they also reported using washable pads (.7%), old clothes (.7%), washable period underwear (.3%), cotton (.3%), and toilet paper (.3%). It was determined that all of the women knew sanitary pads, 37.9% vaginal tampons, 27.2% washable pads, 26.2% washable period underwear, 15.3% menstrual cups, and 6% menstrual discs. Conclusion: In our study, although the mean scores of participants on genital hygiene behavior looked good, it was determined that the scores of some featured groups were low. In addition, it was determined that women did not have enough knowledge about sustainable hygienic products. Nurses and midwives should evaluate the genital hygiene behavior of the women who they provide care for and inform and provide them with counseling about deficient or faulty practices in terms of protecting and promoting their health.

Women's genital hygiene behaviors and the effect of these behaviors on vaginal infection

Amaç: Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde genital enfeksiyon, kadınların çoğunun yaşamları boyunca en az bir 
 kez karşılaştığı önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Genital enfeksiyonlardan korunmak için genital 
 hijyenin sağlanması en önemli basamaklardan biridir. Genital hijyene dikkat edilmediğinde, genital 
 enfeksiyon riski artmakta, enfeksiyonun tedavi edilmediği durumda ise biyopsikososyal sorunlar 
 oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 18-49 yaş arası cinsel aktif kadınlarda genital hijyen 
 davranışları ile genital enfeksiyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
 Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma vaka kontrol araştırması olarak planlanmıştır. Vaka grubunun 
 evrenini vajinal enfeksiyonu olan, kontrol grubunun evrenini vajinal enfeksiyonu olmayan 18-49 yaş 
 arası cinsel aktif kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, sosyodemografik kısım ve Genital 
 Hijyen Davranışları Envanteri (GHDE)’den oluşan bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze anket 
 yöntemiyle Ağustos-Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Bağımsız grup farklılıkların 
 karşılaştırılmasında Student T testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Kategorik değişkenler 
 arasındaki farklılıklar ise Ki kare analizi ile incelenmiştir. p

Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Keputihan Pada Siswi Kelas XII Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Swasta Harapan Mekar Medan Tahun 2022

Adolescents should aware of leucorrhea symptoms. Continuous pathological vaginal discharge will disrupt the function of the female reproductive organs, especially in the ovarian tract, which can cause infertility. Women who lack knowledge and information about genital hygiene will also have an impact on their behavior in maintaining genital hygiene, because knowledge and good care behavior are determining factors in maintaining genital hygiene. This study aimed to determine and analyze the factors that influence leucorrhea in female students. This is quantitative and qualitative mixed methods research. The research was conducted at SMA Harapan Mekar Medan. The population was all class XII female students totaling 33 people. The sampling used was total sampling. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test at 95% confidence level (?=0.05). The results showed that the factors influencing leucorrhea in class XII female students at the School were knowledge (p=0.005), attitude (p=0.016), behavior (p=0.005), and source of information (p=0.006) and there was no effect of the adolescent care health program on leucorrhea (p=1.000). The conclusion shows that knowledge of personal hygiene is the most dominant variable affecting leucorrhea in female students. It is suggested to the School to pay attention to facilities such as clean water sanitation and toilets and cooperate with the Health Center to organize health counseling and demonstrate how to take care of genital hygiene using a phantom of external reproductive organs so that students can directly practice genital hygiene actions

Menstrual health and genital hygiene status in adolescent girls and young women with cerebral palsy

ABSTRACT Menstrual health and genital hygiene behavior in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is underrecognized, undertreated, and negatively affects quality of life. The aim of this case-control study is to compare menstrual health and genital hygiene behaviors in adolescent girls and young women with CP to a healthy women control group. Participants were invited to study via social media tools between August 2021 and February 2022. The study included 74 adolescent girls and young women with CP and 89 healthy women. Menstrual status with semi-structured questions, menstrual symptoms with “Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ),” genital hygiene behavior with “Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale (GHBS)” were evaluated. The control group scored significantly higher on the MSQ sub-dimensions of “negative effects somatic complaints” (r = 0.396; p < .001), “menstrual pain” (r = 0.287; p < .001), “coping methods” (r = 0.291; p < .001), and total score (r = 0.395; p < .001), as well as the GHBS sub-dimensions of “awareness of abnormal findings” (r = 0.270; p = .001) and “menstrual hygiene” (r = 0.495; p < .001) and total score (r = 0.393; p < .001). People with CP had worse genital hygiene behavior, had less menstrual symptoms, and behaved differently about the menstruation symptoms. This study focused on adolescent girls and young women with CP who cannot easily express their own experiences and concerns, emphasized that their needs should be identified by determining their menstrual health and genital hygiene behaviors. Clinical Registration Name, Registration Number, Registration Date: Menstrual Health and Genital Hygiene Status in Cerebral Palsy and NCT04985045, August 2,2021.

The effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program on genital hygiene behaviors: A randomized controlled trial

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program on women’s genital hygiene behaviors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 women diagnosed with genital infections and assigned to the experimental (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. Educational intervention was designed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and implemented in the experimental group. Data were collected three times before (pretest), right after (posttest) and 1 month after the intervention using the personal information form, Data Form for Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Genital Hygiene and Genital Hygiene Behaviors Inventory (GHBI). After the educational intervention, the participants’ hygiene-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors improved in the experimental group at the posttest and follow-up test from the baseline. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups. We concluded that PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program positively affected the women’s genital hygiene-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Planning Model in Designing a Genital Health Program

Background: Lack of knowledge and incorrect practices regarding genital hygiene increase the risk of infection. Women can be protected from these infections by teaching correct genital hygiene behaviors through health education based on recognized models. The aim of this study was to design an educational program to improve women’s genital health behaviors based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: This study was an application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a planning tool to design a program to improve genital health behaviors. A comprehensive literature review was performed in Google Scholar, Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, PubMed, and ProQuest databases using the keywords “PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL” and other related keywords in Turkish and English language from 2000 to 2021. The model was explained in light of the literature, and an exemplary program to improve genital hygiene behaviors was proposed in line with the model steps. Results: First, using the PRECEDE phase of the model, women’s educational needs related to genital health behaviors were determined and the related problems were identified. Then, the PROCEED phase of the model was used for planning, implementation, and evaluation of the educational program based on the educational objectives. Conclusion: The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a framework for nurses to maintain and improve the health of the female genital system. Using this model, it is possible to inform women about genital health, encourage them to participate in self-care, improve health outcomes, and increase their quality of life (QoL).

The effect of web-based genital hygiene education provided to the women with disabilities on their self-care agency and genital hygiene behaviors: A randomized controlled trial

In this study, we examined the effect of web-based genital hygiene education provided to women with orthopedically disability on self-care agency and genital hygiene behaviors. The research was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. 62 participants in the sample group were randomly assigned. There were statistically significant differences between the pretest, mid-test and post-test total mean scores of Self-Care Scale, Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale and all sub-dimensions in the expiremental group (p < 0.001) and there was not a significant difference in the control group (p > 0.05).

Effects of Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Midwifery and Nursing Students on Vaginal and Urinary Tract Infections

Aim: The study was carried out to determine midwifery and nursing students’ genital hygiene behaviors and effects of these behaviors on vaginal and urinary tract infections.Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 282 female students studying in the midwifery and nursing departments of Kırklareli University Health School between March 1, 2021, and April 31, 2021. The data were collected using the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale and the questionnaire prepared by the researchers which questions the socio-demographic and infection-related characteristics of the participating students. Numbers, percentage distribution, chi-square analysis, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data, and post-hoc Bonferroni test was used in further analysis.Results: The mean age of the students was 21.62±1.90 years. Of them, 49.3% were midwifery students and 50.7% were nursing students. The mean score the students obtained from the overall Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale was 93.07±12.07. The mean scores they obtained from its sub-dimensions were as follows: 48.15±6.57 from the General Hygiene sub-dimension, 33.83±4.8 from the Menstrual Hygiene sub-dimension, 11.08±2.88 from the Abnormal Finding Awareness sub-dimension. It was also determined that the students displayed better genital hygiene behaviors as their year at school increased. The analysis (comparison) of the mean scores the participants obtained from the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale and its sub-dimensions in terms of the variables such as the place of residence stayed longest, economic status, daily pad use, bathing position, being diagnosed of urinary tract infection in the last year demonstrated that there were significant differences between the participants’ scores (p&amp;lt;0.05).Conclusions: It was determined that the genital hygiene behaviors of the midwifery and nursing students participating in the study were at a good level, that the higher their year at school was the more positive their genital hygiene behaviors were and that the students who were diagnosed with urinary tract infections in the last year obtained lower mean scores from the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale. Within this context, it is recommended that midwifery and nursing students should be given training on genital hygiene in the first year of their education.

The relationship between genital hygiene behaviors and genital infections among women: A systematic review

Introduction: Genital hygiene is an important part of women’s health and is essential for protecting reproductive health. Women adopt many genital hygiene behaviors, which will have direct and indirect effects on genitals and possible sexually transmitted infections. This systematic literature review aimed to know the types of genital hygiene behaviors practiced by women and assess the relationship between genital hygiene behavior and genital infection. Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and SAGE, for literature published between January 2001 and 2021. The keywords used were “genital hygiene behavior” AND “genital infections” AND “women OR female.” The inclusion criteria focused on genital hygiene behavior and the incidence of genital infection. The included full papers with observational research methods followed the PRISMA guidelines. After reading the full content of the included studies, key themes and concepts were extracted and synthesized. Results: In total 383 articles were screened. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The analysis revealed four categories related to genital hygiene behavior among women: underwear hygiene, bathing habits, menstrual hygiene, and coital hygiene. Genital infections included bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. The review showed that incorrect and inadequate genital hygiene behavior increases the risk of vaginal infection. Conclusion: A higher incidence of genital infections occurred in women with improper genital hygiene practices. It is necessary for health professionals to educate women about good genital hygiene practices in order to reduce the rate of genital infections.