Genetics Of Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications.

Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases worldwide, projected to affect 693 million adults by 2045. Devastating macrovascular complications (cardiovascular disease) and microvascular complications (such as diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy) lead to increased mortality, blindness, kidney failure and an overall decreased quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Clinical risk factors and glycaemic control alone cannot predict the development of vascular complications; numerous genetic studies have demonstrated a clear genetic component to both diabetes and its complications. Early research aimed at identifying genetic determinants of diabetes complications relied on familial linkage analysis suited to strong-effect loci, candidate gene studies prone to false positives, and underpowered genome-wide association studies limited by sample size. The explosion of new genomic datasets, both in terms of biobanks and aggregation of worldwide cohorts, has more than doubled the number of genetic discoveries for both diabetes and diabetes complications. We focus herein on genetic discoveries for diabetes and diabetes complications, empowered primarily through genome-wide association studies, and emphasize the gaps in research for taking genomic discovery to the next level.

Molecular genetics of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that causes major public health problem worldwide. In Thailand, it was estimated that 9.6% or 2.4 million adults were affected with DM and the prevalence is increasing. The unawareness of having the disease leads to delayed treatment and development of chronic complications. The cost for management of DM and its complications is increasing enormously, causing a great economic and healthcare burden. DM is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is not a genetically predestined disease, an increased susceptibility to the disease can be inherited. Genetic factor plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D) while environmental factors are also required for the disease development. Even if modifications of life-style are important for controlling T2D, the identification of susceptibility genes will lead to understanding of its complex pathogenesis and development of more effective treatment. Up to date, a number of diabetic susceptible genes are identified in Western populations. It is now the time to identify the causative and susceptibility genes of diabetes in Thai. This review aims to provide a current overview of molecular genetics of DM and some available information in Thais.

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a mitochondrial genomic disease.

The genetics of diabetes mellitus is very complex. Although the phenotypes are relatively simple vis-a-vis an abnormal glucose-insulin relationship, a number of genotypes share this phenotype. This review focuses on mutations in the mitochondrial genome that phenotype as diabetes mellitus. Studies in the human and the rat are described.

The Pattern of Complications in Saudi Arabian Diabetics

The pattern of complications in 533 Saudi Arabian diabetics followed over a 2-year period at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, is reported. The subjects consisted of 137 type 1 (25.7%) an...

Second International Conference on the Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 9-11 April 1981. Abstracts.

Second International Conference on the Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 9-11 April 1981. Abstracts.

The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man.

The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man has been reviewed. The evidence for genetic heterogeneity on clinical, biochemical and HLA (histocompatibility leukocyte antigens) data is presented. An attempt is made to interpret the meaning of the associations of the disease and certain HLA antigens and the complement factor, properdin in populations and in families. The population data can be best explained by the linkage disequilibrium hypothesis requiring tight linkage between the DS (diabetes susceptibility) locus and those in the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Linkage between the DS locus and MHC from family data is estimated to be about 14%, which is not likely tight enough to be compatible with the population data; and a one locus or one allele hypothesis and genetic heterogeneity is postulated as the best explanation of the incompatibility between population and family data. It is still impossible to precisely define the exact genetic hypothesis for diabetes in man.

Second International Conference on The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus

Journal Article Second International Conference on The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus Get access The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 51, Issue 4, 1 October 1980, Page 764, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-51-4-764 Published: 01 October 1980

Heterogeneity in Diabetes Mellitus—Update, 1978: Evidence for Further Genetic Heterogeneity within Juvenile-onset Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

The concept that idiopathic diabetes mellitus is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders has been established by twin and HLA studied that have permitted the separation of juvenile-onset and maturity-onset diabetes. The extent of the heterogeneity within the juvenile-onset and maturity-onset types is still in question. On the basis of recent immunologic and metabolic studies we believe that further heterogeneity can be demonstrated within the juvenile-onset diabetic group. We wish to hypothesize that there are at least two distinct forms of juvenile-onset diabetes, one associated with HLA B8 and the other with BW15. The B8 type is characterized by autoimmunity, microangiopathy, and a stronger association with the HLA D locus. The BW15 type is characterized by antibody response to exogenous insulin and a stronger association with the HLA C locus. Greater understanding of the pathogenesis, natural history, and genetics of diabetes mellitus will result as the full extent of genetic heterogeneity is elucidated.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Testis. Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1975. Edited by W. R. Butt and Dr R. London. W. B. Saunders Trace Components of Plasma: Isolation and Clinical Significance. Edited by G. A. Jamieson and T. J. Greenwalt. Diagnostic Endocrinology. By Philip E. Cryer. Hypothalamus and Endocrine Functions. Edited by F. Labrie, J. Meites and G. Pelletier The Management of the Menopause and Postmenopausal Years. Edited by Stuart Campbell The Menopause: A Guide to Current Research and Practice. Edited by R. J. Beard. Growth Hormone and Related Peptides. Edited by A. Pecile and E. E. Müller Essentials of Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology. By Habeeb Bacchus Endemic Goiter and Cretinism: Continuing Threats to World Health. Report of the IV Meeting of the PAHO Technical Group on Endemic Goiter. Edited by J. T. Dunn and G. A. Medeiros‐Neto The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. Edited by W. Creutzfeldt, J. Köbberling and J. V. Neel Basic Applications and Clinical Uses of Hypothalamic Hormones. Edited by A. L. Charro Salgardo, R. Fernandez‐Durango and J. G. Lopez Del Campo

Genetics of diabetes mellitus.

The genetics of diabetes mellitus is a confused subject. There is good evidence that genetic factors are important in the etiology of diabetes, but little is known about the mode of genetic transmission. Conclusive studies will not be possible until the basic defect in diabetes is elucidated and a reliable marker for prediabetes obtained. The hypothesis that diabetes mellitus represents a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders is discussed.