Genetic Differentiation Values Research Articles

Impact of Mutations in the D-loop Region in Ovarian Cancer in Senegalese Women

In Senegal, ovarian cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in women with an incidence of 5.0/100,000 women. Thirty-five cancerous tissues, twenty-seven healthy tissues were included in this study. Due to the anatomical position of the ovary, the removal of a sample of suspicious tissue from each patient involves surgery through laparotomy or laparoscopy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to obtain sequences. BioEdit version 7.0.5.3 2005, Harlequin version 3.0, DnaSP version 5.10.01, MEGA 6 were used to perform the analyses. The results show a higher percentage of transition in cancerous tissues (91.45) than in healthy tissues (75.19) in contrast to transversions which are greater in healthy tissues (24.84) than in cancerous tissues (8.54), and the mutation rate (R) is also higher in cancerous tissues (10.712) than in healthy tissues (3.079). Analysis of the polymorphism revealed high values of haplotypic diversity in both cancerous tissues (0.662±0.085) and healthy tissues (0.997±0.011), and low nucleotide diversity values in both tissues (cancerous tissues=0.00922±0.00175; healthy tissues=0.01539±0.00175), these results show us that the genetic evolution of mutations in ovarian cancer has a strong polymorphism. It was also found that the value of the genetic distance between healthy tissues (0.016) was higher than that observed between cancerous tissues (0.009). The genetic distance between healthy and cancerous tissues is 0.015 closer than that observed between healthy tissues. The value of genetic differentiation between healthy and cancerous tissues is significant; this demonstrates a much faster proliferation of cancer cells. The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to better understand the target population by clearly identifying demographic parameters and on the other hand, to evaluate the involvement of somatic mutations and mitochondrial DNA gene expression in the occurrence of ovarian cancer in women in Senegal. The specific objectives are to search for mutations of interest by sequencing mtDNA genes with quasi-maternal inheritance and the impact of these mutations in the D-loop region in healthy and diseased tissues in the patient, but also to learn about the diversity, differentiation and genetic evolution of ovarian cancer in Senegalese women.

Research note: Whole-genome sequencing revealed genomic diversity dynamics in duck conserved populations

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic diversity of the Pekin duck conserved population with five generations and to evaluate the effectiveness of the current conservation strategy. In total, 277 Pekin duck conserved individuals and 40 Mallards as ancestral controls were collected. Each duck was sequenced at about 10X whole-genome coverage, while over 7.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total were detected for genetic diversity analysis. Both the expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values exceeded 0.3. The genetic differentiation (FST) values ranged from 0.007 to 0.039, and the Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.29 to 0.34. These results indicate no significant differentiation between generations, and the genetic diversity remains high. In particular, the inbreeding coefficient has been strictly controlled and has not increased rapidly during the conservation. Overall, the inbreeding coefficient of the conserved Pekin duck population was higher than that of its wild ancestors, indicating that domestication has resulted in reduced genetic diversity. This is the first report using whole genome resequencing data to systematically evaluate the genomic dynamics across several generations in ducks. The results show that the strategy of free mating and random seed retention within sire families is effective for maintaining the genetic diversity of the conserved Pekin duck population.

Exon capture museomics deciphers the nine-banded armadillo species complex and identifies a new species endemic to the Guiana Shield.

The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the most widespread xenarthran species across the Americas. Recent studies have suggested it is composed of four morphologically and genetically distinct lineages of uncertain taxonomic status. To address this issue, we used a museomic approach to sequence 80 complete mitogenomes and capture 997 nuclear loci for 71 Dasypus individuals sampled across the entire distribution. We carefully cleaned up potential genotyping errors and cross contaminations that could blur species boundaries by mimicking gene flow. Our results unambiguously support four distinct lineages within the D. novemcinctus complex. We found cases of mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance but only limited contemporary gene flow confined to the margins of the lineage distributions. All available evidence including the restricted gene flow, phylogenetic reconstructions based on both mitogenomes and nuclear loci, and phylogenetic delimitation methods consistently supported the four lineages within D. novemcinctus as four distinct species. Comparable genetic differentiation values to other recognized Dasypus species further reinforced their status as valid species. Considering congruent morphological results from previous studies, we provide an integrative taxonomic view to recognise four species within the D. novemcinctus complex: D. novemcinctus, D. fenestratus, D. mexicanus, and D. guianensis sp. nov., a new species endemic of the Guiana Shield that we describe here. The two available individuals of D. mazzai and D. sabanicola were consistently nested within D. novemcinctus lineage and their status remains to be assessed. The present work offers a case study illustrating the power of museomics to reveal cryptic species diversity within a widely distributed and emblematic species of mammals.

Molecular analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) in Iraq using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region

Olea is a genus of about 40 species in the Oleaceae family distributed in warm temperate and tropical areas of southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. The study aimed to use the variations in the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) region to construct a phylogenetic tree for 12 Iraqi olive varieties with 15 ITS1 sequences downloaded from the NCBI database. Leaf samples were collected from 12 olive varieties grown in five geographical regions of the north of Iraq. Using the BLAST algorithm, 12 sequences were manually adjusted by chromatogram comparison and aligned with the NCBI GenBank database. Haplotype diversity ranged from zero in the Australian population to one in the Moroccan and Spanish populations. Nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.0 in the Australian population to 0.08 in the Algerian population and Tajima's D value was −0.940. Genetic differentiation values ranged from 0.0177 between Iraqi Moroccan and Iraqi Spanish populations to 0.6540 between Iraqi and Algerian populations. The average pairwise nucleotide diversity within populations was 0.9036 in Iraqi and Turkish olive populations to 0.8671 in Iraqi and Algerian populations. The phylogenetic tree formed 2 main clusters. The first cluster includes all Algerian varieties and the Iraqi varieties are grouped in second cluster. The negative Tajima test value in all populations indicates an excess of rare alleles. The high value of gene flow between the Iraqi and Australian populations may have been mediated by human transport and these varieties may have been originated from the same geographical region.

Analyses of genetic diversity and population structure of endemic and endangered species Sideritis gulendamii (Lamiaceae) and implications for its conservation

Sideritis gulendamii is a perennial, endangered plant endemic to Türkiye with narrow and fragmented populations encountered in gypsum and marl soil. This species is known as mountain tea and also has a significant potential for use for medicinal and aromatic purposes. Assessing the genetic diversity of this species holds significant importance in its conservation efforts due to its specific habitat requirements, small and isolated populations, and recent threats imposed on these populations. This study determined genetic diversity at the species and population levels using the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting method on 157 individuals from seven natural populations. We observed that the species-level genetic diversity is relatively high (H = 0.189, I = 0.298), but the population-level is low (H = 0.150, I = 0.231). The greater total genetic variation within populations was determined as 76% using the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The obtained value of genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.208, Φpt = 0.24) among populations is considered to be at a moderate level, whereas gene flow appears to be high (Nm = 1.899). Supportive results were reached using the STRUCTURE cluster analysis, Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) dendrogram, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The positive correlation between the matrices of genetic distance and geographic distance is determined to be statistically significant, with values of r = 0.566 and p < 0.001 in the Mantel test. Some strategies were developed using the genetic variability pattern of this endangered species for its conservation.

Investigation of genetic diversity among autochthonous grape cultivars grown in Türkiye using molecular primers

AbstractGrape is a type of fruit widely grown globally and in Türkiye thanks to its importance in human nutrition and diversity of usage areas. Türkiye has a long history of grape cultivation, and the genetic diversity of local grapes grown in some regions has still not been revealed. This study showed the genetic diversity between 60 local grape genotypes selected from north Central Anatolia and nine reference grape cultivars;10 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 7 inter-primer binding site (IPBS) retrotransposon primers were used. The mean values of genetic diversity indices in ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers were calculated as expected allelic frequency (p) 0.476/0.195, observed allelic frequency (q) 0.524/0.805, number of effective alleles (Ne) 1.326/1.378, Shannon’s information index (I) 0.308/0.367, expected heterozygosity (He) 0.199/0.232 and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) 0.201/0.234, respectively. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and model-based STRUCTURE analysis divided the studied germplasm into two groups. However, local genotypes were not grouped per the regions where they grew. As a result of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, the inter-population variation was determined to be 11%, and the intra-population variation was determined to be 89%. The mean genetic differentiation value (Fst) between populations was 0.303. The results showed that ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers effectively explained the genetic diversity.

Anti-predator defences are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs.

Predator-prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages, and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of diversification. Warning signals are some of the most widespread defences in the animal world, and there is evidence of higher diversification rates in aposematic lineages. The mechanisms behind such species richness, however, are still unclear. Here, we test whether lineages that use aposematism as anti-predator defence exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation between populations, leading to increased opportunities for divergence. We collated from the literature more than 3000 pairwise genetic differentiation values across more than 700 populations from over 60 amphibian species. We find evidence that over short geographical distances, populations of species of aposematic lineages exhibit greater genetic divergence relative to species that are not aposematic. Our results support a scenario where the use of warning signals could restrict gene flow, and suggest that anti-predator defences could impact divergence between populations and potentially have effects at a macro-evolutionary scale.

Structure, diversity, and genetic delimitation of two Magnolia species endemic to eastern Mexico

Abstract In Mexico, Magnolia species of the section Macrophylla have been segregated based on phenotypic characteristics. However, the wide environmental variation throughout their distribution area in the eastern region of the country could be the main cause of the high degree of morphological variation among the taxa of this section. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies at the genetic level to confirm the taxonomic identity of these species. In the present study, the diversity and genetic structure of the populations of Magnolia rzedowskiana and M. zotictla were estimated using simple sequence repeat markers. We evaluated whether the taxonomic delimitation as independent species is consistent with their degree of genetic differentiation, comparing three regions of chloroplast DNA: trnH-psbA, ORF350, and rpl32-trnL. The DNA was obtained from four populations of the two species, which are distributed in the states of Hidalgo, Querétaro and San Luis Potosí. The populations presented intermediate–high genetic diversity (He = 0.52–0.60), limited gene flow (Nm = 0.62) and high genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.288), which may be related to their low density and strong geographic isolation, caused by the high degree of fragmentation of their habitat. The phylogenetic analysis and the genetic differentiation values indicate that each of the populations of the two Magnolia species analyzed behaves as an independent evolutionary unit, so the taxonomic delimitation of the three M. rzedowskiana populations must be reconsidered. The results obtained could be very useful for implementing management and conservation strategies for these populations in the short term.

Population genetics of Artemia urmiana species complex (Crustacea, Anostraca): A group with asymmetrical dispersal and gene flow mediated by migratory waterfowl

Bird-mediated dispersal of resting eggs is the main mechanism for Artemia dispersal among catchments. The bisexual populations of Artemia urmiana species complex, which is here considered to be a collection of Artemia genetically close to the so-called “Western Asian Lineage”, are mostly distributed in central and western Asia (i.e., in regions falling into the Central Asian Flyway of migratory birds) and live in diversified habitats. Little is known about the genetic relationships among these populations. Aiming to understand the population genetic characteristics and the roles of migratory birds on the dispersal and gene flow of this Artemia group, we evaluated the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow among 14 populations, with their altitudes ranging from 540 to 4870 m above sea level, using 13 microsatellite markers. Almost all populations exhibited high genetic diversity and heterozygote excess, which may be a consequence of combined effects of dispersal and hybridization. The global genetic differentiation (FST) value was 0.092, the pairwise FST values were 0.003–0.246. Discriminant analysis of principal components identified three genetic clusters, consisting of Urmia Lake (Iran), Zhundong (Xinjiang, China), and 12 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau populations, respectively. The among-population genetic differentiation seems to be a consequence of isolation by distance and adaptation to diversified habitats induced by altitudinal gradient. Historical gene flows are asymmetrical, and show an evolutionary source-sink dynamics, with Jingyu Lake (Xinjiang, China) population being the major source. These results support our hypothesis that in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas the bird-mediated dispersal of Artemia may be biased towards from north to south and/or from higher altitude to lower altitude.

Characterization of prolamin storage protein profiles in Tunisian pearl millet landraces toward better utilization and improvement

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study reports for the first time the variation of prolamin profiles among 51 pearl millet landraces representing seven populations prospected from contrasted bioclimatic areas of Tunisia.FindingsA total of 27 prolamins bands were detected, ranging from 11 to 245 kDa. Among them, 14 were polymorphic, resulting in a polymorphism rate of 51.85%. The bands with lower molecular weights are the most frequent. The biochemical marker M25.4 showed the highest value of Nei genetic diversity (h = 0.500), Shannon information index (I = 0.693), and effective number of alleles per locus Ne (2). At the population level, the polymorphism rates ranged between 50% (Mahdia) and 92.86% (Hammem Jebli, Kairouan, Medenine). The population of Kairouan showed the highest genetic diversity indices (I = 0.511 ± 0.054, h = 0.345 ± 0.041), while the lowest levels were recorded for the population of Mahdia (I = 0.268 ± 0.076, h = 0.177 ± 0.052). Analysis of molecular variance analysis indicated that the highest amount of genetic diversity was encompassed within the studied populations (89%). This was supported by low genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.110, p = .029) and Nei genetic distance values. The classification pattern using ward dendrogram and factorial analyses revealed the distinction of two clusters with a low genetic structure based on the geographic origins of landraces.Significance and NoveltyThe detected biochemical protein polymorphism could be a highly effective tool for the genetic resources characterization of pearl millet landraces, which will be further utilized in breeding investigations and taxonomic surveys of this cereal crop.

Genetic Variation of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. from Three Populations in West Sumatra, Indonesia Based on RAPD Markers

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. is one of the cotton-producing plants. However, there is a population decline in some areas, resulting in a decrease in genetic variation. This study aims to determine intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation and genetic differentiation of C. pentandra in three populations in West Sumatra. The research was conducted with the descriptive method using molecular data and sample collection with the survey method. Analysis of genetic variation using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers on 15 individual plants collected from three populations, namely Solok, Pesisir Selatan, and Padang Pariaman. The results showed that primers OPA-01, OPA-02, and OPB-10 could detect polymorphism. The value of intrapopulation genetic variation was highest in the South Coastal population (H = 0.1857) and lowest in the Solok population (H = 0.1228). Interpopulation genetic variation (DST = 0.0326) was lower than intrapopulation genetic variation (Hs = 0.1607), with a low genetic differentiation value (GST = 0.1686) and a high gene flow value (Nm = 2.4660). Cluster analysis showed that the Pesisir Selatan and Solok populations had the farthest genetic distances (0.0580). UPGMA analysis shows that accessions do not cluster specifically based on their population.

Building a Teleost Fish Traceability Program Based on Genetic Data from Pacific Panama Fish Markets.

Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on a cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified by GENBANK reference sequences. A total of 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Caranjidae, Centropomidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Lobotidae, Lutjanidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae, Scianidae, Scombridae, Serranidae, Sphyraenidae, Stromateidae) were identified at the species level from 164 sequences. Additionally, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (Mycteroperca xenarcha, Paralonchurus brasilensis and Lobotes surinamensis). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with five or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as total number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (Fst). The high level of connectivity observed between the Gulf of Chiriqui and the Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: Scomberomorus sierra, Caranx caninus and Lutjanus guttatus. The demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima's D values, suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, L. peru and L. argentiventris, having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual-labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Anatolian Kara Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Germplasm Using Simple Sequence Repeats

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is among the most important commercial fruit species grown worldwide in terms of its economic value. Anatolia (Turkey), located in the favorable climate zone for viticulture, has a rich grape genetic potential due to its location at the intersection of the grapevine gene centers. In Turkish Kara grape germplasm, there are problems in terms of accuracy during the production phase due to the inadequacies in ampelographic definitions, and also very little information is available on genetic analysis of Kara grape germplasm. This study carried out genetic analysis of 49 Kara grape cultivars from six regions (sub-populations) of Turkey and 3 reference cultivars using 22 microsatellite loci (SSR), and ampelographic analysis were also performed concerning 39 OIV descriptors. In the SSR analysis, the average number of alleles per locus was 8.91, ranging from 4 to 13; four synonymous and five homonymous cases were also identified. In the population structure analysis, the genetic differentiation (Fst) values among six populations were moderate. In the BAPS analysis, all populations except Central Anatolia were found to be highly admixed with each other, and in the FCA analysis, the East Anatolia population was completely separated. In the multilocus lineages (MLLs) analysis, a total of three accessions were matched to different accessions as clone assignment. In this study, SSR-based genetic characterization of the Turkish Kara grape germplasm was revealed for the first time, and it is thought that the obtained data will help other grape genetic characterization studies and contribute to viticulture research in other areas such as breeding, protection and variety registration.

Dispersive currents explain patterns of population connectivity in an ecologically and economically important fish.

How to identify the drivers of population connectivity remains a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. Answering this question can be challenging in aquatic environments where dynamic lake and ocean currents coupled with high levels of dispersal and gene flow can decrease the utility of modern population genetic tools. To address this challenge, we used RAD-Seq to genotype 959 yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a species with an ~40-day pelagic larval duration (PLD), collected from 20 sites circumscribing Lake Michigan. We also developed a novel, integrative approach that couples detailed biophysical models with eco-genetic agent-based models to generate "predictive" values of genetic differentiation. By comparing predictive and empirical values of genetic differentiation, we estimated the relative contributions for known drivers of population connectivity (e.g., currents, behavior, PLD). For the main basin populations (i.e., the largest contiguous portion of the lake), we found that high gene flow led to low overall levels of genetic differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.003). By far the best predictors of genetic differentiation were connectivity matrices that were derived from periods of time when there were strong and highly dispersive currents. Thus, these highly dispersive currents are driving the patterns of population connectivity in the main basin. We also found that populations from the northern and southern main basin are slightly divergent from one another, while those from Green Bay and the main basin are highly divergent (F ST = 0.11). By integrating biophysical and eco-genetic models with genome-wide data, we illustrate that the drivers of population connectivity can be identified in high gene flow systems.

Analysis of Genetic Variations of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. on Several Critical Lands in West Sumatra Using RAPD Molecular Markers

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. is a plant whose fruit is used to produce fiber and seeds for biofuel, which has the potential to be developed in critical land because it is adaptive to grow in critical land that is less fertile and lacks water. In West Sumatra, several critical land locations are overgrown by C. pentandra plants. This study aims to determine the genetic variation of C. pentandra in five critical land populations in West Sumatra as the basis for selecting superior seeds for development in critical land. The research was conducted by the descriptive method using molecular data with the molecular marker RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA). The results showed that the primers OPA-01, OPA-02, and OPB-10 could detect polymorphisms. Pangkalan Koto Baru in the regency Lima Puluh Kota (H = 0.1212) was the population with the highest intrapopulation genetic variation value. Interpopulation genetic variation (DST = 0.0321) was lower than intrapopulation genetic variation (HS = 0.1021), with a low genetic differentiation value (GST = 0.2392) and a high gene flow value (Nm = 1.5894). The genetic variation of C. pentandra can be used to select the parent in plant breeding programs.

GENETIC VARIATIONS OF TWO Anguilla SPECIES IN THE WEST COAST OF WEST SUMATRA AND MENTAWAI USING RAPD

Research on the genetic variation of Anguilla spp. in the waters of the West Coast of West Sumatra was carried out from February to June 2022. This study used the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method. In this study, two Anguilla species were found, namely A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor. The highest heterozygosity value of A. marmorata in the Tarusan River was 0,2018, and A. bicolor bicolor in Mentawai was 0,2340. The values of gene flow (Nm) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.7592 and 1.6318. The values of genetic differentiation (GST) in A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor were 0.3971 and 0.2345, respectively. This shows that the value of genetic variation of A. marmorata and A. bicolor bicolor in several rivers on the west coast of West Sumatra is low.

Genetic diversity of the cosmopolitan long-legged fly Syntormon pallipes in Turkey

Syntormon pallipes is one of the cosmopolitan species in the family Dolichopodidae. It has an important role in agriculture and forest ecosystems. We studied the genetic diversity of 10 populations of this species using seven ISSR primers and found 269 polymorphic loci. The polymorphism rate ranged between 34.6% and 72.1%. A molecular variance analysis showed that the main source of genetic variation originates from within the populations. In addition, the genetic differentiation value (GST) was found to be low, with a value of 0.13. The gene flow level (Nm) is high with a value of 3.11 per generation.

The role of niche breadth in oak phylogeography: Quercus glaucoides as a study case

AbstractAimThe extent of genetic diversity and its distribution among populations have been associated with species attributes such as mating system, dispersal ability and geographic range size. Another attribute that could contribute to intraspecific phylogeographic patterns is niche breadth, but this has rarely been tested. Here, we ask whether a Mexican oak with a comparatively narrow climatic niche breadth has distinct genetic diversity patterns compared to other codistributed oaks with a broader climatic niche.LocationMexico.TaxonQuercus glaucoides M. Martens &amp; Galeotti (Fagaceae).MethodsDescriptors of genetic diversity and structure were calculated for 21 Q. glaucoides populations using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs). Historical demographic dynamics were inferred with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and past potential distribution models. To test for an association between niche breadth and phylogeographic patterns, we used genetic diversity and differentiation values of Q. glaucoides plus those previously published for 10 other Mexican oak taxa. Niche breadth was estimated for all taxa and linear regressions were performed.ResultsGenetic diversity calculated from nSSRs (HO = 0.539; HE = 0.714) was among the lowest and cpDNA differentiation (NST = 0.88) was the highest so far obtained for comparable Mexican oaks. Moderate changes in demographic size and distribution shifts throughout the last glacial cycle were inferred, explaining some of the observed genetic patterns. A positive correlation of HO and a negative correlation of NST with niche breadth were detected across taxa.Main ConclusionsDistinct phylogeographic patterns in Q. glaucoides could be explained because a narrower niche may cause lower historical effective population sizes and more fragmented distributions in comparison to species with a wider niche breadth, even with similar range sizes. Our results indicate that niche breadth would be an interesting ecological attribute to be included in future comparative phylogeographic studies.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Native Pulawska and Three Commercial Pig Breeds Based on Microsatellite Markers.

Swine DNA profiling is highly important for animal identification and parentage verification and also increasingly important for meat traceability. This work aimed to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity in selected Polish pig breeds. The study used a set of 14 microsatellite (STR) markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification in the native Puławska pig (PUL, n = 85) and three commercial pig breeds: Polish Large White (PLW, n = 74), Polish Landrace (PL, n = 85) and foreign breed Duroc (DUR, n = 84). Genetic differentiation among breeds accounted for 18% of the total genetic variability (AMOVA). Bayesian structure analysis (STRUCTURE) indicated that the four distinct genetic clusters obtained corresponded to the four breeds studied. The genetic Reynolds distances (Ɵw) showed a close relationship between PL and PLW breeds and the most distant for DUR and PUL pigs. The genetic differentiation values (FST) were lower between PL and PLW and higher between PUL and DUR. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the classification of the populations into four clusters.

Diversidade genética e estrutura de populações de Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae)

Abstract The objective of this work was to describe and compare the patterns of genetic variation in 19 populations of Anacardium humile from the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwestern region. The ex situ germplasm collection of Universidade Federal de Jataí, in the state of Goiás, Brazil, was used for the study. To quantify the genetic variability of A. humile, 529 plants from 17 populations in Goiás from 2 in the state of Mato Grosso were studied, from which nine microsatellite loci were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, with an average value of 0.830, and high inbreeding values, which suggests a deficit of heterozygotes. The genetic differentiation value between populations was 0.065. The greatest variability, which is moderately structured, was observed within populations. There is a significant inbreeding within the A. humile population in the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwestern region. The A. humile populations are divided into two groups.