General Theory Research Articles

The scientific legacy of professor Y.V. Krykavskyi: development of logistics theory in Ukraine and future perspectives

The article presents the first attempt at scientometric analysis of the scientific legacy of the prominent Ukrainian scholar, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Yevhen Vasylovych Krykavskyi. The main stages of his scientific work and its impact on the development of the general theory and practice of logistic science in Ukraine are identified. It is demonstrated that Y.V. Krykavskyi himself formulated the theoretical foundations of logistics as a separate direction of scientific research in the field of economic sciences, established the basic conceptual framework, founded a scientific school of marketing and logistics, and trained a large number of candidates and doctors of sciences who continue and deepen the theoretical developments of the great scientist, as well as expand the spheres of practical application of logistic concepts, tools, and methods, and supply chain management in new economic conditions.

Gauge-invariant formulation for the gravitational wave equations

Abstract A gauge-invariant formulation for the gravitational wave equations is presented. Using this approach, weak, plane wave solutions in a vacuum are derived in various theories. These include general relativity with two modes of polarization with helicity ±2, Yang’s theory with three modes of polarization with helicity ±2 and 0, and so-called “general metric theories” with six modes of polarization with helicity ±2, ±1, and two 0's. To identify the polarizations of gravitational waves, it is explicitly demonstrated how the gauge-invariant approach reproduces the earlier results.

The place of managers in the corporate governance architecture

ABSTRACT This article discusses deficiencies in existing models of the company. It outlines three immutable layers of corporate ontology and argues for a mental model of the company based on general systems theory. The model reveals that each company has at its heart a managerial hierarchy which controls corporate actions through direct and indirect means. The most important participants in the everyday life of the company are its senior and middle managers. Consequently, greater emphasis needs to be placed upon managers’ corporate governance/compliance responsibilities. The legislature should provide for an obligation on companies to engage in risk-mapping and an obligation on managers to ensure, within their areas of responsibility, compliance with the law.

The recent turn in analytical sociology: The dismissal of general theories, mental states, and analytic philosophy – and the old issue of mechanism explanations

Analytical sociology is a sociological approach whose advocates share two methodological doctrines: sociology should be a rigorous discipline and focus on action-based explanations of social processes. This article analyzes some recent methodological innovations of analytical sociology: (1) it is proposed to abandon general theories, in particular rational choice theory. We raise several objections against this claim. The major argument for applying general theories is that an empirical comparison with middle range theories implies conditions for their modification and at the same time tests the general theory. Another flaw of the critique of rational choice theory is that the target is not a wide ‘bounded rationality’ version that is increasingly applied in the social sciences. Instead, an outdated narrow version is attacked; (2) a new demand is to give up explanations with mental states such as goals and beliefs and focus on situational factors. It is argued that this leads to false explanations because the impact of situational factors on action depends on mental states. Omitting mental states thus leads to invalid explanations; (3) a major unresolved issue is the thesis that mechanism explanations are a special kind of explanation that do not need to apply theories. It is shown why this demand is mistaken.

Psychological responses to political hostility: a study on aggression, bullying, and well-being in Qatar

ABSTRACT In 2017, the Gulf crisis led to a blockade that severely restricted Qatar’s air, land, and sea access. This political crisis had far-reaching consequences, particularly affecting cross-national families and children. This qualitative analysis explores the effects of the blockade’s political instability on individuals and families, specifically for Qatari citizens married to non-Qatari spouses and their cross-national children. Applying the General Aggression Model and Social Learning Theory, we interviewed 24 individuals residing in Qatar from nations directly affected by the crisis (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates). Two main themes emerged: first, the characteristics of aggressive and bullying behaviour, and second, the impacts on the well-being of cross-national families. The results showed that Qatari women and their children suffered disproportionately due to gender-based citizenship rights issues. The impacts on their well-being included heightened anxiety, depression, feelings of danger, uncertainty, and division within individuals, families, and communities. Recommendations include increasing collaborative efforts between governments, educational institutions, and community-based organizations, which are crucial to addressing aggressive and bullying behaviour across all age groups fostering a more harmonious and resilient society.

The Plurality of Economic Classifications

The standard strategy involves evaluating whether economic classifications meet criteria derived from a general theory of natural kinds. The first objective of this article is to show the implementation of this strategy by various relevant authors. We argue that the standard strategy has failed due to its lack of a greater sensitivity to the role played by human interests in the design of different types of natural kinds. The second objective is to outline a new strategy for investigating economic classifications. Our departure from the standard strategy can be described as a shift from assessing economic classifications based on general theories of natural kinds to examining specific cases with the aim of theorizing about their design and application. The cases of the cost-of-living index and race are used to succinctly discuss the objectivity of economic classifications and implications for the relationship between science and democracy.

On Dispute Resolution of Land Ownership and Use Rights

With the rapid development of our country in recent years, disputes over land ownership and use rights have also increased. Due to the frequent and complex disputes over land ownership and use rights, some regulations and processes in practical operation have not kept up with the times, resulting in a series of problems in the process of handling disputes over land ownership and use rights. Therefore, further research is needed to resolve disputes over land ownership and use rights, and to improve the mechanism for resolving disputes over land ownership and use rights. This article delves into the general theory of disputes over land ownership and use rights, summarizes and organizes the main contents of dispute resolution methods for land ownership and use rights, and based on this, proposes the problems in dispute resolution for land ownership and use rights. Finally, it improves the countermeasures for resolving disputes over land ownership and use rights.

Precessing and periodic timelike orbits and their potential applications in Einsteinian cubic gravity

Einsteinian cubic gravity (ECG) is the most general theory up to cubic order in curvature, which has the same graviton spectrum as the Einstein theory. In this paper, we investigate the geodesic motions of timelike particles around the four dimensional asymptotically flat black holes in ECG, and discuss their potential applications when connecting them with recent observational results. We first explore the effects of the cubic couplings on the marginally bound orbits (MBO), innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) and on the periodic orbits around the Einsteinian cubic black hole. We find that comparing to Schwarzschild black hole in general relativity, the cubic coupling enhances the energy as well as the angular momentum for all the bound orbits of the particles. Then, we derive the relativistic periastron precessions of the particles and give a preliminary bound on the cubic coupling employing the observational result of the S2 star’s pericenter precession in SgrA*. Finally, after calculating the periodic orbits’ configurations, we preliminarily evaluate the gravitational waveform radiated from several periodic orbits in one complete period of a test object which orbits a supermassive Einsteinian cubic black hole. Our studies could be helpful for us to better understand the gravitational structure of the theory with high curvatures.

The minimal weak gravity conjecture

We examine the minimal constraints imposed by the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) on the particle spectrum of a quantum gravity theory. Towers of super-extremal states have previously been argued to be required for consistency of the WGC under circle reduction. At the same time, there exist classes of theories where no tower of super-extremal particle states below the black hole threshold has been established with current techniques. We resolve this tension by arguing for the existence of a minimal radius for circle reductions of generic quantum gravity theories. Below this threshold, the notion of a circle compactification breaks down, bypassing the need for a tower of super-extremal states to satisfy the WGC after circle reduction. Based on this we propose that if a theory satisfies the WGC at the particle level below the black hole threshold, these states are sufficient for consistency under dimensional reduction, even in absence of a tower of super-extremal particles. Apart from general arguments, we provide independent evidence for this main result in F-, M- and string theory compactifications. According to the Emergent String Conjecture the only exception to the appearance of a minimal radius arises in asymptotically weak-coupling limits for heterotic strings, which aligns with the appearance of a weakly coupled super-extremal tower of particle states. This observation motivates a Minimal Weak Gravity Conjecture which states that towers of super-extremal particles occur if and only if they are required by consistency of the WGC under dimensional reduction.

Higher-derivative corrections to flavoured BPS black hole thermodynamics and holography

A Cardy-like regime of the four-dimensional superconformal index has been shown to be governed by ’t Hooft anomalies and to single out a large-N saddle carrying the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of dual supersymmetric black holes in AdS5. For the universal index where no flavour fugacities are turned on, this correspondence has been improved by matching the first subleading corrections to the saddle-point action with the four-derivative corrections to the black hole action in minimal gauged supergravity, as well as the respective corrected entropies. Here, we extend this match by including flavour symmetries. We consider five-dimensional gauged supergravity with vector multiplet and four-derivative couplings, and provide an effective theory reproducing the ’t Hooft anomalies of the R- and flavour symmetries of generic holographic superconformal field theories at next-to-leading order in the large-N expansion. Then we focus on a specific model dual to ℂ3/ℤν quiver gauge theories, where the ’t Hooft anomaly coefficients receive simple but sufficiently generic corrections. In this model, we evaluate the four-derivative corrections to the on-shell action of the supersymmetric multi-charge black hole, showing agreement with the flavoured Cardy-like formula from the index. We give a prediction for the corrected entropy of the supersymmetric black hole and discuss the general validity of our results. Taking the limit of infinite AdS5 radius, we also obtain four-derivative corrections to the action and entropy of supersymmetric asymptotically flat black holes.

Онтологизация познания: уровни, направления и средства реализации

The article investigates the problem of ontologization of cognition, i.e. increasing the level of conformity between the knowledge system and being. Various levels of ontologization of knowledge are examined depending on the nature of the reflection of reality in the system of knowledge. Four levels of ontology are distinguished: the first level corresponds to the injective and bijective mappings of reality onto the knowledge system; the second level involves surjective mapping; the third level encompasses knowledge formed through isomorphic mapping of relationships between elements from reality onto the knowledge system; the fourth level involves knowledge formed through isomorphic mapping of relationships between elements within the knowledge system. Prospects for the ontologization of cognition are related to the expansion of metaphysical and consequent knowledge, the elevation to the fourth level of knowledge domains that lack ontologicality, and the expansion of knowledge linking secondary laws and properties of objects to patterns. The main tool for ontologizing cognition should be a general theory of systems, extended with a metaphysical component and supplemented with extensive collections of patterns, primitives, secondary properties and laws. The author is working on such a general systems theory, referred to as the “empirico-metaphysical general theory of systems”. In conclusion, development of an empirico-metaphysical theory of systems promises to provide a robust framework for addressing the challenges of cognition representation, synthesis, and application across diverse domains. As researchers continue to delve into the nuances of ontological alignment, the proposed framework offers a promising avenue for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and advancing our understanding of the fundamental nature of cognition.

Theory of strain phase equilibria and diagrams

Chemical phase equilibria and phase diagrams are well established and have served as indispensable guides for designing materials through chemical tuning. However, a general thermodynamic theory for strain phase equilibria remains elusive despite extensive studies which have revealed dramatic impacts of mechanical strain on the stability of phases and domain states in solid-state materials. Here, we establish the thermodynamic theory of strain equilibria and a general framework for efficiently constructing multidomain and multiphase diagrams of arbitrarily strained solids under incoherent conditions. As examples, we obtain temperature-strain phase diagrams of ferroelectric PbTiO3, strongly correlated VO2, and unconventional ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. We reveal the analogs of the Gibbs phase rules, multiple- and multi-critical points, common-tangent construction, and level rule in strain equilibria to those in the familiar chemical phase equilibria. Our strain equilibria theory offers a powerful framework for predicting the thermodynamic stability of structural phases and domains in strained solids and for guiding the strain engineering of their functional properties.

De Morgan-Płonka Sums

AbstractThis paper develops De Morgan-Płonka sums, which generalise Płonka sums to contexts in which negation is not topically transparent but still respects De Morgan duality. We give a general theory of De Morgan-Płonka sums, on the model of the general theory of Płonka sums. Additionally, we describe free De Morgan-Płonka sums and apply our construction to give an algebraic proof of completeness for Kit Fine’s truthmaker semantics for Angell’s logic of analytic containment.

Derivation of Standard Quantum Theory via State Discrimination

Abstract It is a key issue to characterize the model of standard quantum theory out of general models by an operational condition. The framework of General Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) is a new information theoretical approach to single out standard quantum theory. It is known that traditional properties, for example, Bell-CHSH inequality, are not sufficient to single out standard quantum theory among possible models in GPTs. As a more precise property, we focus on the bound of the performance for an information task called state discrimination in general models. We give an equivalent condition for outperforming the minimum discrimination error probability under the standard quantum theory given by the trace norm. Besides, by applying the equivalent condition, we characterize standard quantum theory out of general models in GPTs by the bound of the performance for state discrimination.

Inner autoequivalences in general and those of monoidal categories in particular

We develop a general theory of (extended) inner autoequivalences of objects of any 2-category, generalizing the theory of isotropy groups to the 2-categorical setting. We show how dense subcategories let one compute isotropy in the presence of binary coproducts, unifying various known one-dimensional results and providing tractable computational tools in the two-dimensional setting. In particular, we show that the isotropy 2-group of a monoidal category coincides with its Picard 2-group, i.e., the 2-group on its weakly invertible objects.

Legal Relations and Public Relations as Paired Categories

The paper examines modern controversial issues of legal relations, public relations; legal, social and individual regulators of legal relations and public relations; current national and international acts, monographs, dissertations and other scientific publications. The general scientific methodology is used — philosophy, logic, systems theory and computer science. The author has researched and taken into account the general scientific conclusions of Marx, Engels and Wiener, as well as the positions of recognized Russian experts in the field of general theory of law, primarily N. G. Alexandrova, A. S. Pigolkina and A. M. Vasilyeva. The paper draws the following conclusions: 1) actual legal relations arise objectively and are primary in relation to legal regulators; 2) legal relations and public relations are paired categories with both general and special features; 3) legal relations are «organized» by legal and individual regulators; 4) legal relations and legal regulators of legal relations are ontologically heterogeneous legal categories; 5) legal relations and legal regulators of legal relations are not homogeneous elements of a unified system of forms of law containing only ontologically homogeneous and only legal regulators.

Illegal Activities of Cartel Organizations in the Field of Public Procurement as a New Object of Statistical Study

The sphere of public procurement and the disbursement of budget funds in all countries is an environment that attracts not only respectable entrepreneurs who want to make guaranteed money, but also various “criminal white-collar elements.” According to various estimates, the volume of financing for public procurement in the Russian Federation occupies up to one third of the total GDP. A large number of labor and financial resources are involved in this area, while regularly changing legislation in this area, as well as the complexity of procurement procedures for different categories of goods, works, and services create favorable conditions and allow unscrupulous bidders, as well as corrupt customer representatives, to obtain unjustified profits and illegal remuneration. In the current situation, the introduction of new control measures becomes vital to ensure fair competition and efficient use of budget funds. That is why additional research and measures aimed at eliminating these problems and the preconditions for their occurrence are an integral part of ensuring the effectiveness of the public procurement system and protecting public interests.Purpose of the research is to study the genesis of cartel agreements in public procurement and their impact on the implementation of national projects in the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of cartel agreements on the presence of healthy competition and the efficiency of spending budget funds. As part of the paper, the state of crime in this area was examined; the signs of cartel agreements, methods for identifying cartels, as well as signs of collusion between the customer and the participant in public procurement were identified.Methods and materials. The author in his paper applies a comprehensive methodological approach, including analysis of statistical data, methods of the general theory of statistics, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the current legal regulation in the field of public procurement. Graphical and tabular methods were used to visualize statistical data. The study is based on data provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court.Results of the study. The paper made a quantitative assessment of the scope of public procurement in recent years, and assessed the work carried out by law enforcement officials and the antimonopoly service. Typical violations of antimonopoly legislation during public procurement are given and methods for identifying them are proposed. The illegal schemes used by cartel participants in electronic trading are analyzed, as well as problematic issues and ways to resolve them that arise in practice. The paper proposes various approaches to increasing the efficiency of law enforcement and control agencies. An analysis of law enforcement practice revealed problems associated with proving crimes in this area, and noted an insufficient level of interaction between law enforcement agencies and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. In the study, the author analyzed the main features of cartels, proposed methods for identifying them, as well as ways to improve the verification activities carried out. The presented measures do not exhaust the topic of the study, and to effectively combat cartels, a systematic approach is recommended, including not only improving the quality of work of law enforcement and control agencies, but also improving the software and hardware used in carrying out inspections. Cartels in public procurement are a relatively new phenomenon for Russia; statistical data obtained from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicate that law enforcement and control authorities are just beginning their work to counter the criminal behavior of participants in cartel agreements. Only the fruitful joint work of law enforcement and control agencies will ensure the economic security of the state and protect the national interests of the Russian Federation.

Human Quantum Mechanics and Human Entanglement Theory: A New Paradigm for Social Sciences and Beyond

This article catches up with the latest trend in social sciences that has silently spread out across a larger spectrum of academic disciplines, which is quantum-inspired theory building. The method applied is theory building, and the theory built is a metatheory that encompasses all forms of human communication. The theory works with the least common denominators of communication, with words, and anything that is constructed using words or that can be expressed in words (including thoughts and feelings). The author has set up a general theory of human communication, and hence human action, integrating not only Michel Foucault’s theory of power relations but also other main social theories that corroborate one another. The key to the new metatheory of human entanglement are the hidden forces that prevent, impede, encourage, and bring about new thoughts and new words uttered, and hence new human decision-making and action. There are many dimensions of human entanglements that specific disciplines need to get hold of and investigate further. This article merely provides a springboard for future research investigations, including further theory construction in all disciplines and topics related to interpersonal and intrapersonal human communication, and human action.

Transport barriers in magnetized plasmas--General theory with dynamical constraints

Abstract A fundamental dynamical constraint - that fluctuation induced charge-weighted particle flux must vanish- can prevent instabilities from accessing the free energy in the strong gradients characteristic of Transport Barriers (TBs). Density gradients, when larger enough, lead to a violation of the constraint and hence preclude unstable modes and turbulent transport. This mechanism, then, broadens the class of configurations (in magnetized plasmas) where these high confinement states can be formed and sustained. The need for velocity shear, the conventional agent for TB formation, is obviated. The most important ramifications of the constraint is to permit a charting out of the domains conducive to TB formation and hence to optimally confined fusion worthy states; the detailed investigation is conducted through new analytic methods and extensive gyrokinetic simulations.

Forming of magnetospheric disturbances by system behaviour of geomagnetic tail

– Development of magnetospheric substorm from standpoint of energy evolution in geomagnetic tail is considered. In this approach, geomagnetic tail is taken to be an open thermodynamic system (OTS) with infinite number of conserved energy links to external space environment. General self-consistent theory of energy evolution in OTS was presented earlier. In contrast to existing models of magnetospheric activity, presented model suggests believing that shaping of geomagnetic activity is controlled by the system nature of geomagnetic tail. From this angle, energy profile of disturbance is determined by particular qualities of energy development in OTS. Intercoupling between the system factors of the tail and flow of raw energy from space sources can produce different forms of magnetospheric activity including substorms. As an example, suggested system mechanism is considered for interpretation of the classic energy profile of isolated magnetospheric substorm, comparison with some experimental features of substorm is also provided.