General Terms Research Articles

Use of research evidence in U.S. federal policymaking: A reflexive report on intra-stage mixed methods

The policymaking process is largely opaque, especially regarding the actual writing of the policy. To attempt to better understand this complex process, we utilized mixed methods in our evaluation of an intervention. However, the process of mixing methods can be messy, and thus may require recalibration during the evaluation itself. Yet, in comparison to reporting results, relatively little attention is paid to the effects of mixing methods on the evaluation process. In this article, we take a reflexive approach to reporting a mixed methods evaluation of an intervention on the use of research evidence in U.S. federal policymaking. We focus on the research process in a qualitative coding team, and the effects of mixing methods on that process. Additionally, we report in general terms how to interpret multinomial logistic regressions, an underused analysis type applicable to many evaluations. Thus, this reflexive piece contributes (1) findings from evaluation of the intervention on the policymaking process, (2) an example of mixing methods leading to unexpected findings and future directions, (3) a report about the evaluation process itself, and (4) a tutorial for those new to multinomial logistic regressions.

SUBTITLING MALAY TABOO LANGUAGE INTO ENGLISH: THE CASE OF THE ASSISTANT (2022)

Taboo refers to social and behavioural proscriptions which may instigate discomfort in society, both in language use and psychical behaviour. In audiovisual translation, the emphasis on taboo is often placed on its relative audience reception and the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations. Akin to the nature of audiovisual products, subtitling taboo references also warrants multimodal consideration, especially in relation to both verbal and nonverbal elements. This study, in particular, aims to probe into the taboo language of subtitling from Malay into English. The film The Assistant (2022), which was released on the online streaming platform Netflix, is selected as the corpus. To this end, a parallel corpus was developed and subsequently analysed using AntConc and AntPConc. Frequency, thematic and translation strategy patterns were mapped and descriptively analysed. In general terms, the analysis reveals that the taboo words in the source text are multifaceted, predominantly exclamatory, and markedly explicit. Many of the taboo loads are also found to be equally rendered into the target text, which corresponds to Netflix’s no-censorship policy. The study also learns the omission of some references in the translation, which can be partly linked to the technical and structural constraints of subtitling.

Political action in nursing and medical codes of ethics.

Political action has a long history in the health workforce. There are multiple historical examples, from civil disobedience to marches and even sabotage that can be attributed to health workers. Such actions remain a feature of the healthcare community to this day; their status with professional and regulatory bodies is far less clear, however. This has created uncertainty for those undertaking such action, particularly those who are engaged in what could be termed 'contentious' forms of action. This study explored how advocacy and activism were presented in nursing and medical codes of ethics, comparing disciplinary and temporo-spatial differences to understand how such action may be promoted or constrained by codes. The data for this study comes from 217 codes of ethics. Because of the size of the corpus and to facilitate analysis, natural language processing was utilised, which allowed for an automated exploration of the data and for comparisons to be drawn between groups. This was complemented by a manual search and contextualisation of the data. While there were noticeable differences between medical and nursing codes, overall, advocacy, activism and even politics were rarely discussed explicitly in most codes. When such action was spoken about, this was often vague and imprecise with codes speaking of 'political action' and 'advocacy' in general terms. While some codes were far more forthright in what they meant about advocacy or broader political action (i.e., Nursing codes in Denmark, Norway, Canada) more forceful language that spoke in specific terms or in terms of oppositional or specific actions (e.g., civil disobedience or marches) was almost completely avoided. These results are discussed in relation to the broader literature on codes and the normative questions they raise, namely whether such action should be included in codes of ethics at all.

Cross-sectional and spatial panel data analysis of territorial economic cohesion in the European Union regions based on convergence approach: From 2 to 8 per cent?

From an economic, political and social standpoint, one of the most evident and visible features of today's European Union as a supranational regional organization is its heterogeneity, where disparity seems to be the common denominator. This leads to the interest for measuring the territorial economic cohesion of the EU. From an eminently economic perspective, and working with the GDP per capita of the EU NUTS-2 regions for the period 2003–2021, this paper aims to provide evidence of a lack of territorial economic cohesion through a beta and sigma convergence methodology by applying cross-sectional and spatial panel data analysis.The findings show that the speed of convergence depends mainly on the level of economic development, its cycles and the heterogeneity of the, which implies conditional convergence. Less developed regions show higher convergence speeds, which are also accentuated during recession periods. Greater heterogeneity among the regions also increases the convergence speed, while accentuating in the less developed regions. In general terms, the results reveal convergence speeds of the entire NUTS-2 regions between 7 and 11 per cent (much higher than 2 per cent under absolute convergence). Likewise, when considering spatial dependence, a reduction in convergence speeds between approximately 3 and 8 per cent is detected. Finally, the 29 vulnerable regions have been identified, with economic development and growth below the EU average mean, emphasizing the need to take the concerns of territorial economic cohesion into account.

Levels of Rare Earth Elements in Food and Human Dietary Exposure: A Review.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group consisting of the following 17 metals: Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Pm, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y and Yb. In the current century, the number of applications of REEs has significantly increased. They are being used as components in high technology devices of great importance industrial/economic. However, information on the risk of human exposure to REEs, as well as the potential toxic effects of these elements is still limited. In general terms, dietary intake is the main route of exposure to metals for non-occupationally exposed individuals, which should be also expected for REEs. The current paper aimed at reviewing the studies -conducted over the world- that focused on determining the levels of REEs in foods, as well as the dietary intake of these elements. Most studies do not suggest potential health risk for consumers of freshwater and marine species of higher consumption, or derived from the intake of a number of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, as well as other various foodstuffs (honey, tea, rice, etc.). The current estimated daily intake (EDI) of REEs does not seem to be of concern. However, considering the expected wide use of these elements in the next years, it seems to be clearly recommendable to assess periodically the potential health risk of the dietary exposure to REEs. This is already being done with well-known toxic elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg, among other potentially toxic metals.

TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS (FORMATION DAMAGE) DURING CO2 INJECTION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY. Part 1. GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING ROCK MINERALS, CHANGE OF PETROPHYSICAL AND GEOMECHANICAL ROCK PROPERTIES

Decrease in permeability, porosity, change in wettability of oil-bearing formations during field development are defined by a general term - formation damage, which occur at various stages of field development, including drilling, production, application of enhanced oil recovery methods, well stimulation technologies with acid compositions, hydraulic fracturing and well workover. Reservoir damage leads to a reduction in the oil and gas content of reservoirs and in the economic efficiency of operation. In this regard, it is important to understand and prevent formation damage based on experimental and analytical methods, the applicationof which will minimize damage to the oil and gas bearing reservoir. The review considers anthropogenic processes that cause damage to oil and gas reservoir when CO2 is injected by various methods to enhance oil recovery. The processes of interaction of CO2 with formation rock are considered in detail. The main geochemical transformations of rock minerals are given, which lead to changes in the structure of pore space, permeability and porosity, decrease of geomechanical properties. Secondary sedimentation processes and risks of rock particles removal into the borehole are discussed.

Application of computer information technology in food quality safety and detection

Nowadays, food safety problems have occurred frequently, and how to ensure food quality safety has become the focus of attention of the whole world. While computer information technology has become a necessary means to control food quality safety along with the continuous improvement of information degree. Computer information technology is the general term mainly used for the management and processing of information, including acquisition, processing, expression, communication, management and evaluation of information. In this paper, the application of computer information technology applied in food industry at home and abroad was mainly summarized, including query and retrieval related information of food science, stimulation of the production process to effectively control the potential risk factors, fast calculation in the process of food production and consumption, network platform design of sensory evaluation instead of complex manual work, and realization the whole process of full traceability for food industrial chain, so as to provide effective supervision channels for the government, establish food industrial traceability system, improve the information degree in food management and play the role of information technology in food safety management and realize the value.

About Absolute Convergence of Fourier Series of Almost Periodic Functions

The current stage of development of the theory of almost periodic functions is characterized by a desire for analysis and processing of a huge amount of accumulated scientific and practical material. The theory of almost periodic functions arose in the 20-30 s of the twentieth century; currently, extensive literature has accumulated on various issues of this theory. Long before the creation of the general theory of almost periodic functions, the outstanding Riga mathematician P. Bol drew attention to such functions. For functions of many variables f(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>...x<sub>p</sub>), Bol considered the corresponding multiple Fourier series and, in p-dimensional Euclidean space, a straight line passing through the origin: x<sub>1</sub>=a<sub>1</sub> t, x<sub>2</sub>=a<sub>2</sub> t,..., x<sub>p</sub>=a<sub>p</sub>t, where a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, ..., a<sub>p</sub> - some real, non-zero numbers. Considering the value of the function f(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>...x<sub>p</sub>) on this line, he obtains a function of one variable φ(t) = f(a<sub>1</sub> t, a<sub>2</sub> t,...a<sub>p</sub> t) and proves that this function is almost periodic. With some choice of numbers a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, ..., a<sub>p</sub> - it may happen that this function is periodic. However, if the numbers a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, ..., a<sub>p</sub> are linearly independent, then you can easily make sure that the function will not be a periodic function. Further development of the problem was carried out by the French mathematician E. Escalangon. However, the main significant drawback of the results of Bol and Escalangon was that from the very beginning, starting with the definition of almost-periodic functions, they introduced into consideration a fixed system of numbers a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, ..., a<sub>p</sub> associated with the almost-period (τ). This drawback was eliminated by the Danish mathematician G. Bohr, who developed in general terms the theory of continuous almost-periodic functions. Bohr's research in its methods was closely related to Bohl's research. However, Bohr did not impose restrictions such as Bohl’s inequality in advance for the almost period. The results obtained by Bol and Bohr were based on the deep connection between almost periodic functions and periodic functions of many variables. The article examines the question of sufficient conditions for the absolute and uniform convergence of Fourier series of uniform almost periodic functions in the case when the Fourier exponents have a single limit point at zero, i.e. λ<sub>k</sub>→0 (k→∞). In this case, the Laplace transform is used for the first time as a structural characteristic.

Service to demands and corruption tolerance: brazilian voters' perception of “rouba, mas faz” policy

Purpose: The research aimed to verify the influence of meeting public demands on the perception of tolerance of Brazilian voters towards the “rouba, mas faz” policy. Although a social unison of rejection of corruption in politics is perceived, there is a possibility that voters relax this disapproval in the face of the results that managers offer to communities. Methodology: Study of quantitative approach, as for the procedures, a survey was used, with a questionnaire and study of scenarios, of tolerance to “rouba, mas faz”, as a research instrument. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and presentation in percentages were used for the answers to assertions and scenarios. Results: The results indicate that Brazilians demand honest politicians, although for almost 25% of the population every politician is corrupt, without distinction; for 80% of respondents the main cause of problems in Brazilian public management is political corruption; approximately 70% of voters do not use transparency portals to decide their vote, although 80% claim to research the candidates' history before making their decision. Contributions of the Study: Aspects related to the median voter theory were perceived, since, although Brazilian voters demonstrate intolerance to corruption, the profile with the average characteristics of the population tends to vote for that candidate who promises to meet their needs. In addition, in general terms, 7% of the sample would re-elect a very corrupt politician, as long as he is very productive, while 24% would tolerate corruption, as long as it occurs on a small scale and is accompanied by works and benefits to society, implying that there is, in general terms, to a certain degree, the influence of meeting public demands on voters' tolerance of the “rouba, mas faz” policy in Brazil.

Impact of Fusarium spp. on different maize commercial hybrids: disease evaluation and mycotoxin contamination

Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide, whose production can be affected by the presence of several pathogens. Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum are the most predominant pathogens affecting maize ears. However, few studies have been focused on studying the interaction between both pathogens in field conditions. For this reason, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the interaction between F. graminearum and F. verticillioides in different genotypes of maize under field conditions. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons in Azul, Argentina, including 12 commercial hybrids of maize, which were inoculated with F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, and a mixture of both pathogens. Phenotypic traits (plant height, plant diameter, tiller and cob number, and radiation interception), disease evaluation, and mycotoxin contamination were analyzed. The results showed significant differences between genotypes in disease severity (DS) for both years. In general terms, higher values of DS were reported in 2020 (21.70% ± 0.40) than in 2021 (16.50% ± 0.20). Different climatic conditions registered along the assay, especially precipitations and relative humidity, could be responsible for the differences observed over the years. Moreover, no significant correlations were found regarding DS and mycotoxin contamination for each genotype. For these reasons, an automatic correspondence between DS and mycotoxin contamination could lead to wrong agronomic decisions. The present study points out novel information regarding plant–pathogen interaction (maize-F. verticillioides/F. graminearum) under field conditions that could be useful for future maize breeding programmes.

A Review on the Deep Learning-based Surface Reconstruction from the Point Clouds

Background: Point cloud has become one of the most important data formats for 3D presentation because of the increased availability of acquisition devices and its wide applications. Deep learning has the most powerful ability to capture features from data and has successfully solved various problems in the field of image, such as classification, segmentation, and generation. Deep learning is commonly used to process data with a structured grid, while point cloud is irregular and unstructured. The irregularity of point clouds makes it difficult to use deep learning to solve the problems represented by point clouds. Recently, numerous approaches have been proposed to process point clouds with deep learning to solve various problems. Objective: The objective of this study is to serve as a guide to new scholars in the field of deep learning on 3D surface reconstruction from point clouds as it presents the recent progress in deep learning-based surface reconstruction for point clouds. It helps scholars to grasp the current research situation better and further explore the search direction. Method: This study reviews the recent progress in deep learning-based methods used for surface reconstruction from point clouds and large-scale 3D point cloud benchmark datasets commonly used. Results: Several relevant articles on deep learning used for surface reconstruction from point clouds and some recent patents on deep learning applications are collected and reviewed in this paper. The difficulty of irregularity of point clouds can be overcome by deep learning methods, thus achieving remarkable progress in surface reconstruction. Conclusion: Deep learning for 3D surface reconstruction from point clouds is becoming a research hotspot due to its performance in terms of anti-interference and generalization. Although the advance is remarkable, there are still some challenges that need to be further studied.

Copper ratio obtained by generalizing the Fibonacci sequence

In this study, we define a new generalization of the Fibonacci sequence that gives the copper ratio, and we will call it the copper Fibonacci sequence. In addition, inspired by the copper Fibonacci definition, we also define copper Lucas sequences, and then we give the relationships between the terms of these sequences. We present some properties, such as the Binet formulas, special summation formulas, special generating functions, etc. We find the relationships between the roots of the characteristic equation of these sequences and the general terms of these sequences. What is interesting here is that the relationships obtained from that between the roots of the characteristic equation of these new sequences and the terms of the sequences are satisfied in both roots. In addition, we examine the relationships between these sequences with the classic Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. Moreover, we calculate some identities of these sequences, such as Cassini and Catalan. Then Catalan transformation is applied to these sequences, and their terms are found. Furthermore, we apply Hankel transform to the Catalan transform of these sequences. Besides, we associate the terms of the Hankel transformation of the Catalan copper Fibonacci sequence with the classical Fibonacci numbers and the terms of the Hankel transformation of the Catalan copper Lucas sequence with the terms of the copper Lucas sequence. We present the application of copper Fibonacci and copper Lucas sequences to hyperbolic quaternions. Finally, the terms of the copper Fibonacci and copper Lucas sequences are associated with their hyperbolic quaternion values.

A Review of Impedance Spectroscopy Technique: Applications, Modelling, and Case Study of Relative Humidity Sensors Development

Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) is a general term for the technique referring to small-signal measurements of the linear electrical response of a domain of interest. This method is based on the analysis of the system’s electrical response to yield helpful information about its domain-dependent physicochemical properties (generally, the analysis is carried out in the frequency domain). Nowadays, there are many areas of application where IS can be used to evaluate or enhance the development of emerging products and processes. As a contribution to this field of research, this paper presents relevant theoretical–practical aspects of the interpretation and analysis of the electrical behavior of materials based on IS and IS modelling. The work starts by historically introducing IS and then goes through different domains of application of the technique, such as Materials Science and correlated areas. Afterwards, an introduction to IS usage for constructing equivalent electrical circuits is presented, aiming at modelling the materials’ electrical behavior, followed by examples from the literature that use the two possible circuit development approaches, the series and the parallel association of circuit elements. Lastly, the authors present a case study of their most recent efforts of a circuit model development of relative humidity (RH) sensors based on heterogeneous mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanostructures, used to understand and identify existing contributions to the overall electrical response of the sensors to moisture; in their case, the electrical response of the MMO sensors was modelled with a high level of superposition between the experimental and fitted data, using a parallel combination of circuit elements, which is an unconventional one.

Unsupervised Transfer Learning Across Different Data Modalities for Bearing's Speed Identification

Recent advancements in transfer learning have revolutionized predictive maintenance, enabling cross-domain generalization for components with varying characteristics and operating under different conditions. While traditional transfer learning approaches require labeled data in both source and target domains, unsupervised transfer learning strives for a more cost-effective alternative for which only labels are available in the source domain. This study investigates adversarial transfer learning between two different sensor modalities: vibration and acoustic. The goal is to enable bearing monitoring using microphones, which are, in general terms, cheaper and easier to deploy than vibration sensors; and without the need to label data in the target domain. The research goal is to identify the operating speed of a bearing testbed. The source domain data correspond to vibration measurements taken from an attached sensor, while the target domain uses a microphone array at distance. Artificial Neural Networks are used as the base architecture. Transferability is assessed with two unsupervised adversarial learning techniques: gradient reversal and deep correlation alignment. Their performance is compared to traditional supervised transfer learning via fine-tuning. Experimental results demonstrate that gradient reversal outperforms deep correlation alignment and is able to achieve results similar to those obtained with supervised transfer learning. These findings highlight the feasibility of speed identification using a microphone array and establish a baseline for future condition monitoring research with such sensors. Conclusion. These findings highlight the feasibility of speed identification using a microphone array and establish a baseline for future condition monitoring research with such sensors.

Society for endocrinology guideline for understanding, diagnosing and treating female hypogonadism.

Female hypogonadism (FH) is a relatively common endocrine disorder in women of premenopausal age, but there are significant uncertainties and wide variation in its management. Most current guidelines are monospecialty and only address premature ovarian insufficiency (POI); some allude to management in very brief and general terms, and most rely upon the extrapolation of evidence from the studies relating to physiological estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. The Society for Endocrinology commissioned new guidance to provide all care providers with a multidisciplinary perspective on managing patients with all forms of FH. It has been compiled using expertise from Endocrinology, Primary Care, Gynaecology and Reproductive Health practices, with contributions from expert patients and a patient support group, to help clinicians best manage FH resulting from both POI and hypothalamo-pituitary disorders, whether organic or functional.

The UK Productivity Puzzle: A Survey of the Literature and Expert Views

Since 2008, the UK’s productivity has stagnated, leading to the widely debated “productivity puzzle”. Understanding this phenomenon and its drivers is crucial for managers and policymakers. This article summarises theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of productivity in general terms, as well as their relevance to the UK’s productivity performance. It also discusses to what extent the findings from a survey of leading UK academic experts on productivity provide support for the existing theoretical and empirical evidence on this topic, and help identify and validate the most important factors explaining the UK’s productivity slowdown since 2008. The combination of our literature review and survey findings suggests that key determinants of the UK’s productivity slowdown include: insufficient investment; insufficient quality of infrastructure; limitations in human capital stock; and management quality issues.

Evaluasi Strategi Pemasaran Melalui Analisis Swot pada Usaha Vouin Dafsa

Business is a word that we often hear in every conversation between people who are carrying out various activities. Business can be interpreted as a business in the world of trade or a certain business field. Business in general terms can be interpreted as an activity or activity which includes activities such as: producing goods/services, distributing goods/services, then selling them to consumers whose goods/services are useful for their daily lives. The aim of this research is to find out a picture of the implementation of the Dafsa Vouin business before and after a SWOT analysis. This type of research is qualitative with an individual interview method. A qualitative approach is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people or observable behavior. Data collection was carried out by the author directly from the original source or location where the research was carried out, up to finding ways to obtain it. The following are the results of interviews that have been answered by respondents with marketing strategies that have been carried out by business actors in providing services and promoting Vouin Dafsa businesses to consumers. Based on the research results that have been obtained, it can be concluded that there are several strategies used, namely SWOT analysis to improve the Vouin Dafsa business

Dementia in Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review.

Knowledge of young-onset Alzheimer disease in adults with Down syndrome has greatly improved clinical care. However, little is known about dementia in rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders (RGNDs). In this review, a comprehensive overview is provided of reports on dementia and cognitive/adaptive trajectories in adults with RGNDs. A systematic literature review was conducted in Embase, Medline ALL, and PsycINFO on December 6, 2022. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021223041). Search terms for dementia, cognitive and adaptive functioning, and RGNDs were combined using generic terms and the Orphanet database. Study characteristics and descriptive data on genetic diagnosis, clinical and neuropathologic features, comorbidities, and diagnostic methods were extracted using a modified version of the Cochrane Data Extraction Template. The literature search yielded 40 publications (17 cohorts, 23 case studies) describing dementia and/or cognitive or adaptive trajectories in adults with 14 different RGNDs. Dementia was reported in 49 individuals (5 cohorts, 20 cases) with a mean age at onset of 44.4 years. Diagnostics were not disclosed for half of the reported individuals (n = 25/49, 51.0%). A total of 44 different psychodiagnostic instruments were used. MRI was the most reported additional investigation (n = 12/49, 24.5%). Comorbid disorders most frequently associated with cognitive/adaptive decline were epilepsy, psychotic disorders, and movement disorders. Currently available literature shows limited information on aging in RGNDs, with relatively many reports of young-onset dementia. Longitudinal data may provide insights into converging neurodevelopmental degenerative pathways. We provide recommendations to optimize dementia screening, diagnosis, and research.

What should we call mental ill health? Historical shifts in the popularity of generic terms

Substantial attention has been paid to the language of mental ill health, but the generic terms used to refer to it–“mental illness”, “psychiatric condition”, “mental health problem” and so forth–have largely escaped empirical scrutiny. We examined changes in the prevalence of alternative terms in two large English language text corpora from 1940 to 2019. Twenty-four terms were studied, compounds of four adjectival expressions (“mental”, “mental health”, “psychiatric”, “psychological”) and six nouns (“condition”, “disease”, “disorder”, “disturbance”, “illness”, “problem”). Terms incorporating “condition”, “disease” and “disturbance” became less popular over time, whereas those involving “psychiatric”, “mental health” and “illness” became more popular. Although there were some trends away from terms with medical connotations and towards more normalizing expressions, “mental illness” consolidated its position as the dominant term over the study period.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the hidden curriculum assessment scale in nursing education: A validity and reliability study

AimsThe study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a measurement scale for identifying and assessing the hidden curriculum in undergraduate nursing education. BackgroundThe hidden curriculum is a general term for educational information that exists outside of the teaching program and mainly affects students' knowledge, emotions, behaviors, beliefs, values and professional ethics. However, a specific instrument to comprehensively define and assess the hidden curriculum in nursing education has not yet been developed in China. DesignA descriptive and explorative study design was used. MethodsWe developed the initial scale through a literature review, focus group discussion, Delphi expert consultation and pre-survey. From February to April 2023, the data were collected from a convenient sample of 512 nursing students enrolled in five medical universities in China to conduct exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for validity testing. In addition, reliability analysis was conducted by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. The nursing students' responses were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. ResultsThe Hidden Curriculum Assessment Scale in Nursing Education (HCAS-NE) was formulated, consisting of 4 dimensions and 35 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 66.863 % and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices values of the scale structure model met the criteria for an ideal level. the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.965, the Guttman split-half was 0.853 and the test-retest reliability was 0.967. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the Hidden Curriculum Assessment Scale in Nursing Education (HCAS-NE) has ideal reliability and validity, which provides a valid and reliable tool for identifying and assessing the hidden curriculum in nursing education.