General Spectrum Research Articles

Self-Supervised Learning for Generic Raman Spectrum Denoising.

Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy are highly specific and sensitive optical modalities that have been extensively investigated in diverse applications. Noise reduction is demanding in the preprocessing procedure, especially for weak Raman/SERS spectra. Existing denoising methods require manual optimization of parameters, which is time-consuming and laborious and cannot always achieve satisfactory performance. Deep learning has been increasingly applied in Raman/SERS spectral denoising but usually requires massive training data, where the true labels may not exist. Aiming at these challenges, this work presents a generic Raman spectrum denoising algorithm with self-supervised learning for accurate, rapid, and robust noise reduction. A specialized network based on U-Net is established, which first extracts high-level features and then restores key peak profiles of the spectra. A subsampling strategy is proposed to refine the raw Raman spectrum and avoid the underlying biased interference. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been validated by a broad range of spectral data, exhibiting its strong generalization ability. In the context of photosafe detection of deep-seated tumors, our method achieved signal-to-noise ratio enhancement by over 400%, which resulted in a significant increase in the limit of detection thickness from 10 to 18 cm. Our approach demonstrates superior denoising performance compared to the state-of-the-art denoising methods. The occlusion method further showed that the proposed algorithm automatically focuses on characterized peaks, enhancing the interpretability of our approach explicitly in Raman and SERS spectroscopy.

Deep learning prediction of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectra of chemically derived molecules

Chemical derivatization is a powerful strategy to enhance sensitivity and selectivity of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for non-targeted analysis of chemicals in complex mixtures. However, it remains impossible to obtain large sets of reference spectra for chemically derived molecules (CDMs), representing a major barrier in real-world applications. Herein, we describe a deep learning approach that enables accurate prediction of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectra for CDMs (DeepCDM). DeepCDM is established by transfer learning from a generic spectrum predicting model using a small set of experimentally acquired tandem mass spectra of CDMs, which converts a generic model with low predictability for CDMs into a specialized model with high predictability. We demonstrate DeepCDM by predicting electrospray ionization tandem mass spectra of dansylated molecules. The success in establishing Dns-MS further enables the development of DnsBank, a dansylation-specialized in silico spectral library. DnsBank achieves significant increases of accurate annotation rates of dansylated molecules, facilitating discovery of new hazardous pollutants from an environmental study of leather industrial wastewater. DeepCDM is also highly versatile for other classes of CDMs. Therefore, we envision that DeepCDM will pave a way for high-throughput identification of CDMs in non-targeted analysis to dig unknowns with potential health impacts from emerging anthropogenic chemicals.

Generic spectrum of the weighted Laplacian operator on Cayley graphs

Generic spectrum of the weighted Laplacian operator on Cayley graphs

On rank one and Weyl–von Neumann theorem for multiplicative perturbations of unitary operators

For multiplicative perturbations of unitary operators, it is presented a version of Weyl–von Neumann theorem and a sufficient conditions for generic (in the intensity parameter) singular continuous spectrum under unitary rank one perturbations.

Materials on the synanthropic flora of the city of Khabarovsk

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that city tram tracks, embankments and right of way are specific ecotopes that are subject to significant anthropogenic disturbances and are places of synanthropic plants concentration. We have collected 59 species from 23 families and 49 genera of flowering plants. The family spectrum is dominated by representatives of Asteraceae, the leading family of regional flora. In the generic spectrum, most genera contain one or two species each, which indicates a sufficient floristic capacity of the technogenic ecotope of tram tracks. In terms of life form, perennial herbaceous plants with underground organs survive on the tram tracks, ensuring the constant renewal of plants. Approximately the same number of alien (or adventive) and local (or native) plants have been identified by origin. As expected, alien species are confined to ruderal habitats and are characterized by wide ranges (cosmopolitan, Eurasian-North American, Eurasian types). From local species on tram tracks, plants of open habitats (forest-meadow, meadow, forest edge and slope) find suitable ecological niches.

Різноманіття та розподіл дінофлагелят у водоймах України (критико-систематична ревізія)

A critical and systematic revision of the superclass Dinoflagellata of the type Miozoa of Ukraine was performed, and the results of the generalization of retrospective and modern data on their zonal and ecological and typological distribution were given. As of 2022, 366 species (393 species and intraspecific) belonging to 3 classes, 14 orders, 45 families and 98 genera are indicated for the territorial waters of Ukraine. Over the past two decades, 108 new species have been discovered. 100 species are new to the Ukrainian sector of the Black Sea, and 8 are found for the first time in continental water bodies of Ukraine, one of which is new to science. Significant changes in the systematic composition of dinoflagellates in this period are due to both new findings and the appearance of new taxonomic combinations, which significantly expanded their generic spectrum. The most diverse orders remained: Peridiniales (118 species), which is a third of all species, Gymnodiniales (80 or 22%), and Gonyaulacales (60 or 16.4%). Among them, the most species-rich genera are Gymnodinium (41), Protoperidinium (41), Tripos (15) and Dinophysis (25) of the order Dinophysiales, the vast majority of which live in the Black Sea. A feature of the zonal distribution of dinoflagellate species on the territory of Ukraine is an increase in diversity in the southeastern direction, from the Ukrainian forest to the Black Sea. More than half of the species (54.4%) and the genera (56.6%) were noted only within one physical-geographic zone or sea. In particular, 174 (47%) species and 41 (41.8%) genera were found only in the seas. Since dinoflagellates are mainly marine algae, the greatest diversity and unique species composition is characteristic of the Black Sea, where almost 77% of all species and genera live. In desalinated Azov there were significantly less of them (21% of species and 25% of genera). In the Steppe zone of Ukraine, which has a wide range of water types, the highest diversity of dinoflagellates was observed among all terrestrial zones: 39.6% of species and 57% of genera known in Ukraine. According to ecological features, the flora of dinoflagellates was dominated by marine and breckish-marine forms (63.5%), were 2.5 times more than freshwater and breckish-reshwater forms (26.5%). A significant share was made up of species with a wide amplitude of adaptation (6.3%). Reservoirs with different degrees of myneralization, which include estuaries and myneralized reservoirs, as well as contact zones of fresh and sea waters (river mouths), had representatives of marine and brackish water complexes that are absent in other types of continental reservoirs. Estuaries ranked second after seas in terms of species richness (36.3% of species and 57% of genera) with a predominance of marine and brackish water species (58.5%). In general, 1.4 times fewer species were found in continental water bodies than in marine water areas. Lakes (22.4%) and ponds (21.6%) were in first place among continental bodies of water (with the exception of estuaries) in terms of species diversity, followed by rivers (16.4%) and swamps (15.8%), in which, of course, predominated freshwater species. There are 34 species that are widespread in Ukraine, 8 – are eurytopeans. T he composition of luminous species remained unchanged (36), and 25 are known as the causative agents of water "blooming", and 27 are toxic. Part of the species (63 or 17%) found mainly in the Black Sea are known from one reference, of which 40 species were identified more than 50 years ago, so their presence in the waters of Ukraine at the present time requires additional research. The taxonomic status of 8 species and one form has not yet been determined, so in the future the systematic composition of dinoflagellates of Ukraine will change thanks to the use of molecular phylogenetic methods.

Production of PBHs from inflaton structures

At times prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the universe could show a primordial structure formation period if dominated by a fast oscillating inflaton field during reheating. In this context, we have postulated a new mechanism of primordial black hole formation [L. E. Padilla, J. C. Hidalgo, and K. A. Malik, Phys. Rev. D, vol. 106, p. 023519, Jul 2022], that draws the analogy between an extended reheating era and the scalar field dark matter model, stipulating the gravitational collapse of inflaton halos and inflaton stars. In this paper we look at the requirements for the realization of this new mechanism. We show that a generic primordial power spectrum with a peak at small scales is most suitable for the production of a considerable number of PBHs. When such requirement is met, and if reheating lasts long enough, large populations of PBHs with $M_{\rm PBH}\sim 1~\mathrm{gram}$ may be produced. We find in particular, that the mass fraction of PBHs is orders of magnitude larger than that obtained when PBHs form via direct collapse in a universe dominated by radiation or pressure-less dust. Looking at observable implications of our findings, we explore the possibility that the PBHs component may dominate the energy density of the universe at some point after the end of reheating.

Ecological and Geographical Structure of the Plant Cover of the East Asian Boreal-Nemoral Ecotone (the Lower Amur Region, Far East Russia).

The study of the biodiversity of vegetation cover in the context of its genesis and development is an important task. The results of these studies are the basis for the development of ecological, biogeographical, evolutionary, and sociological research, such as modelling the dynamic processes of natural ecosystems, understanding the consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes for biodiversity, solving problems of biodiversity conservation, etc. Of particular interest from this point of view is the biodiversity of ecotones, which can serve as a model for studying the factors of the genesis of the plant cover structure in a dynamic environment. In this paper, we analyze the taxonomic structure of the flora of vascular plants and the spatial structure of the plant cover in the East Asian boreal-nemoral ecotone (of the Lower Amur region). The botanical research was conducted through the application of traditional techniques for floristic and geobotanical studies. The material for this article was drawn from over 15,000 herbarium samples and 1400 floristic and geobotanical descriptions made between 1993 and 2021 in the Lower Amur region. The analyzed flora includes 2240 species from 760 genera and 158 families, which constitute 80% of the species composition of the Russian part of the Amur River basin. The native flora comprises 1801 species from 602 genera and 152 families. The species diversity and quantitative characteristics of the natural and adventive flora of vascular plants in the Lower Amur region are comparable to those of the southern limit of the distribution of taiga ecosystems in the Holarctic. The spectrum of the leading families and genera in terms of the number of species corresponds to the geographical position of the territory (the family spectrum is led by Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Polygonaceae and in the generic spectrum, Carex, Artemisia, Salix, Viola, Saxifraga, Poa and Saussurea). The specificity of the flora is determined by a combination of elements in the boreal and sub-boreal flora of East Asia. Seven floristic complexes are defined for the Lower Amur region flora: forest (41.4% of the native flora), meadow (19.2%), mire (4.1%), mountain tundra (12.5%), rocky scree (8.9%), aquatic-semiaquatic (7.8%) and floodplain-estuarine shallow (6.2%). The regularity of some floristic complexes is defined by the landscape's ecological conditions, and the variety in the edaphic, orographic and climatic parameters within the region. The spatial structure of the plant cover of the boreal-nemoral ecotone is described.

Limit-periodic Dirac operators with thin spectra

We prove that limit-periodic Dirac operators generically have spectra of zero Lebesgue measure and that a dense set of them have spectra of zero Hausdorff dimension. The proof combines ideas of Avila from a Schrödinger setting with a new commutation argument for generating open spectral gaps. This overcomes an obstacle previously observed in the literature; namely, in Schrödinger-type settings, translation of the spectral measure corresponds to small L∞-perturbations of the operator data, but this is not true for Dirac or CMV operators. The new argument is much more model-independent. To demonstrate this, we also apply the argument to prove generic zero-measure spectrum for CMV matrices with limit-periodic Verblunsky coefficients.

Taxonomic diversity of Brassicaceae in the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region

In the flora of the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region, the Brassicaceae family is one of the leading ones. It is of interest to study the composition of the genera of this family at the level of the territory of the entire Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region, as well as the physiographic regions included in it. It helps to understand whether there are local features in the composition of the cruciferous flora and what they are. Two natural zones are distinguished in the study area: forest-steppe and steppe; four provinces and 15 physical-geographic regions. In this paper, we consider in more detail 7 floras, they are described most fully. All of them are located in the forest-steppe zone. In the spectra of flora families of the considered physiographic regions, the Brassicaceae family is located on the 4th5th place. In the spectrum of the adventive fraction of the flora, it rises to the 2nd3rd position, and in the native fraction it falls to the 7th9th place. The composition of the complete flora of cruciferous plants throughout the territory of the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region contains 40 genera and 89 species. It is not possible to unambiguously single out the head part in the generic spectrum, concentrating in itself a significant part of the flora species of this family. The most numerous genera are Rorippa, Lepidium and Alyssum. The species representation of these genera, as well as those of slightly smaller weight (Cardamine, Erysimum and Sisymbrium), does not differ in the considered physiographic regions. An exception is the genus Alyssum, whose representatives are confined to limestone and chalk substrates, which are not common in all areas. The Brassicaceae family has a fairly wide ecological spectrum; it includes species that grow in different ecotopes.

Quantum scrambling of observable algebras

In this paper we describe an algebraic/geometrical approach to quantum scrambling. Generalized quantum subsystems are described by an hermitian-closed unital subalgebra A of operators evolving through a unitary channel. Qualitatively, quantum scrambling is defined by how the associated physical degrees of freedom get mixed up with others by the dynamics. Quantitatively, this is accomplished by introducing a measure, the geometric algebra anti-correlator (GAAC), of the self-orthogonalization of the commutant of A induced by the dynamics. This approach extends and unifies averaged bipartite OTOC, operator entanglement, coherence generating power and Loschmidt echo. Each of these concepts is indeed recovered by a special choice of A. We compute typical values of GAAC for random unitaries, we prove upper bounds and characterize their saturation. For generic energy spectrum we find explicit expressions for the infinite-time average of the GAAC which encode the relation between A and the full system of Hamiltonian eigenstates. Finally, a notion of A-chaoticity is suggested.

A Model of Spectral Line Broadening in Signal Forecasts for Line-intensity Mapping Experiments

Abstract Line-intensity mapping observations will find fluctuations of integrated line emission are attenuated by varying degrees at small scales due to the width of the line emission profiles. This attenuation may significantly impact estimates of astrophysical or cosmological quantities derived from measurements. We consider a theoretical treatment of the effect of line broadening on both the clustering and shot-noise components of the power spectrum of a generic line-intensity power spectrum using a halo model. We then consider possible simplifications to allow easier application in analysis, particularly in the context of inferences that require numerous, repeated, fast computations of model line-intensity signals across a large parameter space. For the CO Mapping Array Project and the CO(1–0) line-intensity field at z ∼ 3 serving as our primary case study, we expect a ∼10% attenuation of the spherically averaged power spectrum on average at relevant scales of k ≈ 0.2–0.3 Mpc−1 compared to ∼25% for the interferometric Millimetre-wave Intensity Mapping Experiment targeting shot noise from CO lines at z ∼ 1–5 at scales of k ≳ 1 Mpc−1. We also consider the nature and amplitude of errors introduced by simplified treatments of line broadening and find that while an approximation using a single effective velocity scale is sufficient for spherically averaged power spectra, a more careful treatment is necessary when considering other statistics such as higher multipoles of the anisotropic power spectrum or the voxel intensity distribution.

Generalized quantum circuit differentiation rules

Variational quantum algorithms that are used for quantum machine learning rely on the ability to automatically differentiate parametrized quantum circuits with respect to underlying parameters. Here, we propose the rules for differentiating quantum circuits (unitaries) with arbitrary generators. Unlike the standard parameter shift rule valid for unitaries generated by operators with spectra limited to at most two unique eigenvalues (represented by involutory and idempotent operators), our approach also works for generators with a generic non-degenerate spectrum. Based on a spectral decomposition, we derive a simple recipe that allows explicit derivative evaluation. The derivative corresponds to the weighted sum of measured expectations for circuits with shifted parameters. The number of function evaluations is equal to the number of unique positive non-zero spectral gaps (eigenvalue differences) for the generator. We apply the approach to relevant examples of two-qubit gates, among others showing that the fSim gate can be differentiated using four measurements. Additionally, we present generalized differentiation rules for the case of Pauli string generators, based on distinct shifts (here named as the triangulation approach), and analyse the variance for derivative measurements in different scenarios. Our work offers a toolbox for the efficient hardware-oriented differentiation needed for circuit optimization and operator-based derivative representation.

ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ СЕМЕЙСТВА FABACEAE НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ САМАРО-УЛЬЯНОВСКОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The flora of фSamara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region belongs to the Fabaceae type (the third place in the family spectrum), while having inclusions of other types of local flora. The study examines how homogeneous is the species representation of the genera of the Fabaceae family throughout the research area. The authors used 445 floristic lists from the FD SUR database as source data. Based on these lists, the authors obtained combined lists of all the floras and their generic and family spectra. The heterogeneity of the composition of the Fabaceae family at the generic and species levels was studied in 12 physical-geographical regions. The authors identified 15 reference floras in six of examined regions, where the lists of vascular plant species include 700 species. The area of the identified reference floras is 300–900 km2. The general list of the Fabaceae family in the research area includes 113 species from 23 genera. The genus Astragalus L. is at the top of the genera. The other large genera are Vicia L. and Lathyrus L. The authors registered some differences from the overall picture for certain physical and geographical areas. This is the consequence of various local environmental conditions in the research area. In some cases, the genus Vicia becomes the most abundant, but the distribution of Astragalus becomes rather small. The genus Lathyrus does not always hold the third place in the spectrum. The considered reference floras are nominally divided into three groups according to the composition of the generic spectrum of the Fabaceae family: the flora group with numerical dominance of the genus Astragalus, the group with predominance of the genus Vicia and the group in which the genus Trifolium L. and Amoria C. Presl. form the basis of the composition. The first two groups are characterized by the multiplicity of the corresponding genera in comparison with others. On the contrary, the composition of the third group is explained by the relative paucity of genera Astragalus and Vicia. The composition and abundance of the genera Trifolium and Amoria are the most stable in all considered floras. The authors note the lack of uniformity in the order of leading genera of the Fabaceae family in Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region.

A taxonomic analysis of brioflora of Kastel State Nature Reserve

The article summarizes the literary and proprietary data on the moss flora of Kastel State Nature Reserve. The features of the taxonomic structure of bryophytes in this territory are considered. The brioflora ofMountKastelis represented by 90 species belonging to 61 genera, 37 families, 15 orders and 4 classes: of which 19 are liverworts and 71 leafy moss. Identified taxonomic features are characteristic of southern floras. The leading position in the floristic spectrum is occupied by the families Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae and Grimmiaceae. In the generic spectrum, Bryum and Grimmia prevail. A comparison with the Crimean bryoflora is shown, showing a high percentage of species diversity of the study area. The high sozological value of bryoflora has been established - 53.8% of the species are included in the regional Red Books of theRussian Federation, and seven species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of theCrimea, which confirms the high scientific importance and environmental value of the territory of the Kastel reserve.

Estimation of mean turbulent kinetic energy and temperature variance dissipation rates using a spectral chart method

A method aimed at estimating εk and εθ, respectively, the mean dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy k and half the temperature variance θ2/2, is developed for slightly heated turbulent flows of air. It is limited to a Prandtl number near unity and applicable to flows where temperature can be treated as a passive scalar. A significant advantage of the method is that εk and εθ can both be estimated from the measurement of a temperature frequency spectrum, Gθθ(f). The method relies on the collapse in the dissipative range of one-dimensional temperature spectra, ϕθ(k1η), when normalized with εθ, εk, and ν. This collapse ensues from a similarity analysis of scale-by-scale budgets of the second-order structure function for the temperature. A generic spectrum ϕθG(k1η), defined in the wavenumber range 0.07 ≤ k1η ≤ 0.7, is used to construct a spectral chart. The method has been tested in several flows and found to be reliable. In particular, it is tested on the axis of a slightly heated round jet, where εk and εθ can be estimated accurately via the budgets of k and θ2/2, and the agreement between these estimates and the spectral chart results is almost perfect.

A Cooperative Phase-Steering Technique with On-Off Power Control for Spectrum Sharing-Based Wireless Sensor Networks.

With the growth of the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a wide range of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will be deployed for various applications. In general, WSNs are constrained by limitations in spectrum and energy resources. In order to circumvent these technical challenges, we propose a novel cooperative phase-steering (CPS) technique with a simple on-off power control for generic spectrum sharing-based WSNs, which consists of a single secondary source (SS) node, multiple secondary relay (SR) nodes, a single secondary destination (SD) node, and multiple primary destination (PD) nodes. In the proposed technique, each SR node that succeeds in packet decoding from the SS and for which its interference power to the PD nodes is lower than a certain threshold is allowed to transmit the signal to the SD node. All SR nodes that are allowed to transmit signals to the SD node adjust the phase of their transmit signal such that the phase of received signals at the SD node from the SR nodes is aligned to a certain angle. Moreover, we mathematically analyze the outage probability of the proposed scheme. Our analytical and simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional cooperative relaying schemes in terms of outage probability. Through extensive computer simulations, it is shown that the analytical results match well with the simulated outage probability as a lower bound.

Time Evolution of Correlation Functions in Quantum Many-Body Systems.

We give rigorous analytical results on the temporal behavior of two-point correlation functions-also known as dynamical response functions or Green's functions-in closed many-body quantum systems. Weshow that in a large class of translation-invariant models the correlation functions factorize at late times ⟨A(t)B⟩_{β}→⟨A⟩_{β}⟨B⟩_{β}, thus proving that dissipation emerges out of the unitary dynamics of the system. Wealso show that for systems with a generic spectrum the fluctuations around this late-time value are bounded by the purity of the thermal ensemble, which generally decays exponentially with system size. For autocorrelation functions we provide an upper bound on the timescale at which they reach the factorized late time value. Remarkably, this bound is only a function of local expectation values and does not increase with system size. We give numerical examples that show that this bound is a good estimate in nonintegrable models, and argue that the timescale that appears can be understood in terms of an emergent fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Our study extends to further classes of two point functions such as the symmetrized ones and the Kubo function that appears in linear response theory, for which we give analogous results.

Non-Hermitian Exceptional Landau Quantization in Electric Circuits.

Alternating current RLC electric circuits form an accessible and highly tunable platform simulating Hermitian as well as non-Hermitian (NH) quantum systems. We propose here a circuit realization of NH Dirac and Weyl Hamiltonians subject to time-reversal invariant pseudomagnetic field, enabling the exploration of novel NH physics. We identify the low-energy physics with a generic real energy spectrum from the NH Landau quantization of exceptional points and rings, which can avoid the NH skin effect and provides a physical example of a quasiparticle moving in the complex plane. Realistic detection schemes are designed to probe the flat energy bands, sublattice polarization, edge states protected by a NH energy-reflection symmetry, and a characteristic nodeless probability distribution.

ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФЛОР ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Penza region is located in the southwestern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. Its territory occupies mainly Penza region is located in the southwestern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. Its territory occupies mainly the western slopes of the Volga Upland and, to a lesser extent, the Oka-Don Lowland. It belongs to two large river basins: the Volga (the Sura and the Moksha rivers) and the Don (the Khoper and the Vorona rivers). The southwestern part of the region (the Khopra river basin) is located within the subzone of grass-turfgrass steppes of the steppe zone; the territory of the south of Penza region, belonging to the Sura River basin is located in the forest-steppe zone. The flora of the region includes more than 1700 species of vascular plants and belongs to the Rosaceae-type. The authors applied the method based on determining reference flora to identify local floristic features of the south of Penza region. This method had been tested by the research group earlier for studying the forest-steppe zone of the Samara Trans-Volga region (Sok and Melekess Stavropol physical and geographical areas). In result of the field trip results (2014–2019) in the southern and southwestern parts of Penza region the authors distinguished three reference flora groups, namely, the Tamala, Malaya Serdoba, and Kuncherovo flora. Their taxonomic features were compared with the seven reference flora groups previously identified in the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga region. The spectra of the families of the reference flora groups of the southern areas of Penza region demonstrate the Fabaceae type of flora, despite the fact that the flora of the entire territory of Penza region belongs to the Rosaceae type. the genera Carex L. and Galium L., as well as the genera Salix L., Campanula L. and Veronica L. are the most numerous in the generic spectrum. The genus Vicia L. dominates in the Fabaceae family; Astragalus L. takes the 2nd or 3rd place (in various reference flora groups). The size of the Rosaceae family is determined by the abundance of the genus Potentilla L., as well as the total number of genera of this family. The Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, and Chenopodiaceae families take the first four places in the spectrum of families of the adventive fraction of flora in the studied territory