Generation Of Tourists Research Articles

Technology Acceptance and Readiness among different Generations of Urban Touists

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER Several motivators and inhibitors for technology acceptance and readiness have been identified, however, propensity to use digital tools can vary according to different factors, one of them being the users’ age. This study seeks to explore the technology acceptance and readiness of different generations of tourists in an urban destination. METHODOLOGY This qualitative study comprised 94 face-to-face interviews conducted during autumn 2019 and the spring of 2020 (before COVID-19) to foreign visitors from different age groups close to the main attractions in Budapest, Hungary. Interviews gathered visitors’ thoughts, experiences, and perceptions about tourism and technology. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and content analysed applying a deductive approach. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS Baby Boomers are more inhibited than motivated in terms of technology readiness due to the lack of technical knowledge and challenges of use. Generation X are more optimistic about the usage of technologies driven by convenience and social influence. Younger generations use a wider range of digital tools while travelling due to greater levels of optimism and innovativeness. However, some participants from Generation Y1 and X consciously limit the use of technologies as they consider them disruptive. Findings also show that motivators tend to be more closely related to utilitarian rather than hedonic factors for all generations. Smartphones and Google Maps are the most used digital tools. This novel study focuses on different models and approaches for technology acceptance and readiness from a generational perspective exploring the so-called ‘digital gap’. Furthermore, this study explores the correlation between different determinants of the proposed models. The context of an urban destination is also relatively novel, as many previous studies have focused rather on individual sites. RECOMMENDATIONS Urban destinations should facilitate conditions to encourage acceptance and readiness of technology among urban tourists. This not only includes digital infrastructure (e.g. WI-FI), but digital solutions and apps (e.g. tour guides in different languages) designed to attract different target markets (i.e. generations).

Examining the Disruptive Potential of Generation Z Tourists on the Travel Industry in the Digital Age

The tourism industry has faced several challenges over the years, due to the evolution of technology and behavioral changes of the generations. The research focused on the new generation of tourists, Generation Z. Known as digital natives, the study aimed to identify their current travel behavior in the digital age and their perception of the future of travel in the context of recent technological developments, namely artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, thus highlighting specific elements that could disrupt the travel industry. To achieve this goal, qualitative research was conducted, using two sessions of focus groups among 20 Generation Z tourists. The results show that Generation Z tourists exhibit disruptive behavior primarily due to their heavy reliance on social media platforms, even for travel purposes. Social media has become their primary search engine, and travel influencers hold significant sway over certain individuals in this generation. In addition, they serve as influencers, by sharing visual content from their travels. Another noteworthy trend in the travel industry is Generation Z’s inclination towards multi-channel booking, effortlessly switching between different booking options. Lastly, although the results show little awareness of the potential of advanced technologies, their openness to adopt them to simplify the travel planning process further contributes to the disruption of traditional travel patterns. Generation Z can be considered a bridge between previous and future generations. The study has implications for management and marketing activities in the tourism field.

Metaverse in Tourism and Hospitality: Empirical Evidence on Generation Z from Italy

The paper has been conducted to analyze the change taking place in tourism marketing due to the metaverse innovation through tastes and needs of today's new generations of tourists, especially generation Z, that will be the future customers of the next decades. The goal of this study has been to analyze the opportunities concerning the metaverse and its immersive technology, through a survey conducted on a sample of generation Z people and understand which are the practical implications that can guide tourism companies and territorial governments' decisions during the nearest future, to satisfy new market demand and optimize their communication in the metaverse.

Metaverse in Tourism and Hospitality: Empirical Evidence on Generation Z from Italy

The paper intends to analyze the change taking place in tourism marketing due to the metaverse. The tastes and needs of today's new generations of tourists, especially Generation Z, are becoming more and more in line with new technologies. Tourism marketing requires a change in the way of promoting and telling a product and a brand. The objective of the paper will be to analyze the digital tools of the Metaverse and of the “immersive” technologies. The results of a survey that investigates people's propensity to use digital tools and new technologies will also be presented. Further objectives will be to understand the role these technologies will have in the world of travel and to provide a “guide” for tourism-related businesses, trying to help them face and understand a highly dynamic sector.

Letter from the Editors

Letter from the Editors Robert Chiles, Devin R. Lander, Jennifer Lemak, and Aaron Noble It is with great sadness we recognize the passing of our colleague and board member, Dr. Oscar Williams (1966–2021). Dr. Williams was an associate professor in the Department of Africana Studies at University of Albany-State University of New York (SUNY) where he had served as chair of the Department. Outside of his university obligations, Oscar was generous with his time and expertise presenting his research at many local conferences and public programs and promoting NYS history to his extensive network of colleagues and students. He peer reviewed many articles for New York History and offered guidance whenever called upon. He will be greatly missed. – The Editors As the nation and world emerge from a grim period of global pandemic and historians begin resuming in-person archival work, this issue of New York History reminds us of the many rewards of such diligent research. J. Michael Smith and Kees-Jan Waterman translated and analyzed neglected records of Dutch–Indian trade accounts from eighteenth-century Rhinebeck to elucidate the vibrant intercultural relations between white settlers and Native peoples in the Hudson Valley while revealing a network of ties between Esopus and Wappinger Indians and their Mohican neighbors. Tracking the Dutch documentary presence into the nineteenth century, Michael J. Douma's systematic evaluation of hundreds of runaway slave advertisements demonstrates the persistence of the Dutch language in New York and New Jersey, simultaneously contributing to a picture of Dutch-speaking enslaved people presenting a sharp economic challenge to slavery in the region. Slavery in New York wound down in the 1820s, and the Empire State would increasingly become headquarters for some of the nation's foremost abolitionists; as Deborah A. Rosen demonstrates through assiduous scrutiny of abolitionist rhetoric, arguments about the rules of warfare were a potent weapon both in attacking the legality of slavery and in justifying the right of enslaved people to rebel and escape from this "continuous state of war." [End Page vii] While New York abolitionists hold a prominent place in the historical record, Rosen's work demonstrates that further forays into the archives can be quite fruitful. Similarly, Robert W. Smith explores famous debates over ratification of the Constitution to elevate foreign policy and its relation to regional commercial interests as a surprisingly central consideration for many New Yorkers. Another well-known episode in New York history—the British evacuation of Long Island in 1783—is similarly enriched by John L. Scherer in our Artifact NY feature, which uses family correspondence preserved at the New York State Library to furnish a firsthand account of what that moment meant to those who had experienced the long occupation. Our return to the archives also reminds us that careful scrutiny of the documentary record can reveal an erstwhile underappreciated moment as a critical turning point. Bruce W. Dearstyne shows this in his study of the State Commission of Gas and Electricity, which was established in 1905 only to be superseded two years later: a 1908 court of appeals decision affirming the short-lived commission's authority legitimized the delegation of powers and paved the way for the proliferation of the administrative state. Oliver Ayers demonstrates through a reexamination of the world of Philip A. Payton Jr. that 1917—the year of Payton's death as well as of the US entrance into World War I—was a critical moment in the making of modern Harlem. While history is dynamic, some stories reveal ways that existing institutions endure by accommodating the changing needs of a given moment. Father Richard Gribble's Community NY feature demonstrates how an indefatigable priest spearheaded construction of not only a social welfare network but also of a western New York basilica that would endure as both a physical and spiritual center for generations of working-class Catholics in Lackawanna. Hans Klein-Hewett's study of Watkins Glen shows how the site evolved in stages to fit contemporary demands for recreation, family vacations, and civic engagement—adjusting to the needs of new generations of tourists while maintaining the centrality of the glen's sublime natural features. [End Page viii] As we resume...

A Human-Guided Machine Learning Approach for 5G Smart Tourism IoT

With the continuous development of tourism, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into tourism projects is considered a very promising technology. Smart tourism aims to use the IoT to maximize information communication; that is, the IoT technology will become an important element to meet the needs of a new generation of tourists. Therefore, in this study, we propose a human-guided machine learning classification method based on tourist selection behavior. This classification method can effectively help tourists make a decision in choosing a certain tourist destination. The results obtained from the cross-validation experiments and performance evaluation prove the effectiveness of this method.

The significance of the contribution of children to conceptualising the destination of the future

PurposeAs there is a growing demand of cutting-edge technology as part of the tourism experience from the digital native population and because little is known about this group as tourism consumers despite the fact they will be the core tourism spender of tomorrow, the purpose of this paper is to give children an opportunity to share their vision of the destination of the future.Design/methodology/approachFrom a methodological point of view, a qualitative approach is adopted. Children were asked to draw, communicate and display their view on their Winchester of the future. The data collected are used to formulate an innovative, smart-based future-fit management approach for products and services design.FindingsTo fully meet the needs and expectation of the coming generation of tourists, Winchester (city located in the South of England, and surrounded by some of the most visited UK destinations, namely London, Oxford and Cambridge) will have to adopt an ambidextrous management approach when developing products and services for customers of the future. This ambidextrous management approach will balance metaphorical thinking and objective thinking in product and service design.Originality/valueThere is a scarcity of studies on children in tourism research despite the fact the industry and academics recognise the value and impact of children, and more specifically, their role in purchase decisions. Equally important, this research is also going to contribute to the body of knowledge on smart management of destinations.

How does tourism differ among generations? Tourists from the United States and their willingness to visit Japan

AbstractThis study focuses on the demand-side of tourism. Previous demand-side research has mainly examined outbound tourism of Japanese, while few have looked at inbound. This paper aims to identify differences between five generations of tourists, from tourists in their 1920s to 1960s. A survey was conducted with American tourists. Factor analysis and ordered probit analysis show there are generation gaps regarding factors influencing inbound tourism to Japan. The findings of the study illustrate each generation has different factors influencing their tourism decisions, and indicate people involved in marketing destinations need to consider each generation separately.

From authenticity to significance: Tourism on the frontier of culture and place

The tourism of the future will include greater demand on the part of citizens of economically emerging nations, as well as on the part of a growing number of retirement age persons in many of the more developed countries. There are important environmental, cultural, and social consequences associated with these demographic shifts. Trendsetters for the tourism of the near future are likely to be well-educated elites who are familiar with travel and comfortable in culturally diverse situations. They will have an understanding of the consequences of global economic development, and will better realize that their participation in tourism comes with a cost to communities and environments through which they pass. They will see value in tourism experiences that support principles of environmental sustainability, heritage preservation and cultural diversity, and human equality. This generation of tourists will have greater choice of travel venues and access to considerably more information on which to base their travel plans, and they will be more likely to expect travel experiences that have breadth as well as depth and that provide opportunities for self-improvement as well as leisure and entertainment.

Where Dream Becomes Reality

Where Dream Becomes Reality Willard Bohn RETURNING TO PARIS FROM PROVENCE in September 1931, André Breton and Valentine Hugo stopped to visit an architectural curiosity in Hauterives, a small town in the Drôme region. Erected 1879 to 1912 by Ferdinand Cheval, a rural mailman, the Ideal Palace was constructed of stones he had painstakingly collected and set in concrete . It was "[un] magnifique labyrinthe," Breton recalled a few years later, "entouré de gigantesques statues, creusé de grottes."1 As several generations of tourists have discovered, the sheer magnitude of Cheval's achievement is impressive. Rising as much as thirty feet in places and extending for some eighty-five feet, the main walls are heavily encrusted with exotic ornamentation. At times one seems to glimpse a mosque, a Hindu temple, a medieval castle, and—unexpectedly—a Swiss chalet. Within the palace precincts, which were never intended to be inhabited, one discovers numerous passageways, terraces, and staircases flanked by strangely-shaped columns bearing poems and aphorisms composed by the architect.2 For these and other reasons that will become apparent, this experience made a lasting impression on Breton, who returned with several photographs to show his colleagues. While the Palais idéal demonstrated that Surrealism could be made to encompass architecture, its significance extended into other domains as well. On the one hand, it provided the Surrealists with a concrete model to explore at a crucial stage in their development. On the other, it provided a theoretical model whose repercussions were destined to be far-reaching. When Les Vases communicants appeared the following year, for example, it included a photograph of Breton contemplating Cheval's fabulous structure. Whereas all the other illustrations refer to corresponding sections of the text, there is no mention of the Ideal Palace anywhere in the book. Although critics have tended to dismiss the photograph accordingly, we will see that it plays a major role in the volume. The year 1932 also witnessed the publication of a book of poetry entitled Le Revolver à cheveux blancs, which contained a poem devoted to Breton's recent discovery. A fascinating composition in its own right, "Facteur Cheval" furnishes a rare glimpse of the Surrealists' experiments with architectural ekphrasis. VOL. XXXVI, NO. 4 43 L'Esprit Créateur Nous les oiseaux que tu charmes toujours du haut de ces belvédères Et qui chaque nuit ne faisons qu'une branche fleurie de tes épaules aux bras de ta brouette bien-aimée Qui nous arrachons plus vifs que des étincelles à ton poignet Nous sommes les soupirs de la statue de verre qui se soulève sur le coude quand l'homme dort Et que des brèches brillantes s'ouvrent dans son lit Brèches par lesquelles on peut apercevoir des cerfs aux bois de corail dans une clairière Et des femmes nues tout au fond d'une mine Tu t'en souviens tu te levais alors tu descendais du train Sans un regard pour la locomotive en proie aux immenses racines barométriques Qui se plaint dans la forêt vierge de toutes ses chaudières meurtries Ses cheminées fumant de jacinthes et mue par des serpents bleus Nous te précédions alors nous les plantes sujettes à métamorphoses Qui chaque nuit nous faisons des signes que l'homme peut surprendre Tandis que sa maison s'écroule et qu'il s'étonne devant les emboîtements singuliers Que recherche son lit avec le corridor et l'escalier L'escalier se ramifie indéfiniment Il mène à une porte de meule il s'élargit tout à coup sur une place publique Il est fait de dos de cygnes une aile ouverte pour la rampe Il tourne sur lui-même comme s'il allait se mordre Mais non il se contente sur nos pas d'ouvrir toutes ses marches comme des tiroirs Tiroirs de pain tiroirs de vin tiroirs de savon tiroirs de glaces tiroirs d'escaliers Tiroirs de chair à la poignée de cheveux A cette heure où des milliers de canards de Vaucanson se lissent les plumes Sans te retourner tu saisissais la truelle dont on fait les seins Nous te souriions tu nous tenais par...