Pole Generator Research Articles

Can a Signboard Be Exclusionary? A Study of Linguistic Landscape in the Commercial Center of Poznań

A signboard is an element of the linguistic landscape of a given place. The linguistic landscape is a space open to everyone, but it may be experienced differently by people from various generations. To examine the extent and quality of comfort or discomfort resulting from linguistic exclusion in public spaces, in the article the linguistic landscape of the center of Poznań is analyzed in terms of the absence and presence of the native language of residents and visitors to this place. The research material comes from the most frequented places in this city and includes signs of private establishments (“bottom-up tokens”), which contribute to the linguistic landscape of Poznań. The study of linguistic exclusion takes into account the diverse linguistic competencies of five living generations of Poles. It aims to identify potential causes of the feeling of exclusion in open urban spaces for specific groups of Poles.

New electric starter system based on on-board power network with hydrogen energy storage

Current trends in industries related to autonomous, mobile objects, such as aircraft manufacturing, are aimed at increasing the share of electrification or completely replacing all units in favor of electric ones. Replacing components and assemblies with fully electric ones corresponds to the concept of a fully electric aircraft, which is based on new power sources and sources of electric propulsion, such as lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen batteries, and sources based on renewable energy. At the same time, the requirements for energy efficiency and weight and size parameters of components and assemblies are increasing. These needs can be met through the multi-purpose use of equipment, as well as through new systems that combine a number of functions.The article discusses the use of an aircraft three-stage synchronous generator as a starting device for a gas turbine engine. The problems associated with the use of a three-stage generator are analyzed and a method for solving them is proposed. The article presents a method for creating a starting torque using the reactive component of the electromagnetic torque for a synchronous salient pole generator. The analysis was carried out from the point of view of the formation of electromagnetic torque in an aircraft generator using a voltage inverter. A generalized expression for the torque is obtained, regulated and controlled by the electrical parameters of the frequency converter.

Educating the Younger Generation of Polish Female Refugees in Postwar Britain

Abstract This study explores the education of young Polish female refugees in postwar Britain, and the implications of the establishment of the Committee for the Education of Poles, a body brought into being on April 1, 1947, as a consequence of the passage of the Polish Resettlement Bill in March 1947 (the first ever British legislation dealing with mass immigration). It examines the newly introduced grammar schools for girls, the challenges raised for these new educational establishments, and the strategies introduced by the British authorities in order to cope with the growing numbers of Polish adolescents entering the country after World War II. Based on archival records and supported by oral interviews, the sample case studies presented herein highlight one way in which the young Polish community was rehabilitated in exile at the start of their path towards civic integration. They highlight the key importance of education to that pathway. The studies presented here provide an insight into the experiences of, and challenges faced by, young Polish women during the Process of their education and resettlement. Thanks to extant school reports, it has been possible to ascertain not only the practical and financial problems that impacted the schools presented in the paper, which operated under the auspices of the Committee for the Education of Poles, but also their slow, but steady improvement over time. The paper provides clear evidence that it was thanks to the Committee that a significant proportion of the younger generation of Poles managed to acquire the qualifications needed to secure their first jobs and ultimately a career in industry or business and so play a useful part in the economic life of Great Britain and her overseas territories.

Language ideologies and language management in Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly Stanisławów)

The article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of language ideology change as exemplified by two generations of Poles living in Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly Stanisławów). Research data comprises interviews conducted in the years 2017–2022. Linguistic biographies of Polish minority representatives provided a basis for describing the history of speaking across two generations (the eldest one and the elder one) depending on the stages of their lives. Monolingual microideology influenced the choice of language among family members of the two generations of Poles from Ivano-Frankivsk. It led to a decline of the transfer of the Polish language from parents to children. Later on, attempts have been gradually made to revive the transfer. Keywords: linguisƟ c biography – language ideology – language management – generational diversity.

Generational Differences in Food Choices and Consumer Behaviors in the Context of Sustainable Development.

(1) Background: This study examines diverse food choices and sustainable consumption behavior across four generations of Poles: Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. (2) Methods: The research employed an online survey with a quota sample of 1000 individuals, representing the Polish population in terms of gender, residence, and education (categorized into two groups). (3) Results: For Poles, the crucial factors in food selection were product quality (69.0%), price (68.6%), and information about the product's composition (41.0%). Older cohorts (Baby Boomers and Generation X) prioritized food quality, while younger generations (Generation Y and Generation Z) emphasized price. Statistically significant differences emerged between generations regarding the product's country of origin, with older generations emphasizing its importance more. The oldest group (Baby Boomers) considered ecological certification most important. As much as 85.9% of Poles checked product expiration dates while buying products, and 82.8% bought only as much as they needed. Baby Boomers most often exhibited these two behaviors and can be considered the most responsible among all generations. (4) Conclusions: This article highlights the importance of comprehensive sustainability efforts in the context of food choices. It takes into account the socio-cultural and historical circumstances of each generation that influence their consumer habits.

Zapomniany tarnowianin dr med. Marian Wodziński (1911–1986) i jego aktywny udział w odkrywaniu prawdy o zbrodni katyńskiej

The text attempts to present the wartime and post-war fate of the Polish intelligentsia who took a direct part in uncovering the Katyn massacre, using the example of Dr Marian Wodziński, a medical doctor. As a forensic doctor, he was appointed (against his will), to examine the exhumation of the victims buried in the Katyn forest. As a forensic expert, he believed that it was not up to him to determine the perpetrators, but to the court that would one day hear the murder case. He remained under pressure from the Germans, and after his return from Katyn to Poland, he was intensively searched by the NKVD and the UB, as an inconvenient, muchknowing witness. Arrested by the NKVD, he was freed thanks to influential people, and when he started to go into hiding, an APB was issued for him. In December 1945, he managed to escape from Poland under the name Marian Cich. He settled in the United Kingdom. The security apparatus recruited his brother Stanislaw to collaborate with him for many years. Despite many attempts, Dr M. Wodziński did not succumb to persuasion and pressure and did not return to Poland, although he missed his homeland very much. He returned to Tarnów after his death, in an urn which was buried in the family grave. Despite his many merits, as well as his patriotic attitude, until recently the figure of Dr M. Wodziński was forgotten. Also in his home town of Tarnów. The text about Dr Marian Wodziński should be – in the author’s assumption – a memento of this luminous figure for contemporary and future generations of Poles, especially the Polish intelligentsia, of which Dr Wodziński was a representative.

Modelling post-implantation human development to yolk sac blood emergence

Implantation of the human embryo begins a critical developmental stage that comprises profound events including axis formation, gastrulation and the emergence of haematopoietic system1,2. Our mechanistic knowledge of this window of human life remains limited due to restricted access to in vivo samples for both technical and ethical reasons3–5. Stem cell models of human embryo have emerged to help unlock the mysteries of this stage6–16. Here we present a genetically inducible stem cell-derived embryoid model of early post-implantation human embryogenesis that captures the reciprocal codevelopment of embryonic tissue and the extra-embryonic endoderm and mesoderm niche with early haematopoiesis. This model is produced from induced pluripotent stem cells and shows unanticipated self-organizing cellular programmes similar to those that occur in embryogenesis, including the formation of amniotic cavity and bilaminar disc morphologies as well as the generation of an anterior hypoblast pole and posterior domain. The extra-embryonic layer in these embryoids lacks trophoblast and shows advanced multilineage yolk sac tissue-like morphogenesis that harbours a process similar to distinct waves of haematopoiesis, including the emergence of erythroid-, megakaryocyte-, myeloid- and lymphoid-like cells. This model presents an easy-to-use, high-throughput, reproducible and scalable platform to probe multifaceted aspects of human development and blood formation at the early post-implantation stage. It will provide a tractable human-based model for drug testing and disease modelling.

Polish patriotic poetry of Bukovina of the End of XIX – early XX centruries (on the base of lyric works by Priest Jуzef Janiszewski and Aleksander Morgenbesser)

The article analyzes the Polish poetic works of Bukovina of the late 19th – early 20th century by priest Jуzef Janiszewski and Alexander Morgenbesser, as well as their influence on the patriotic education of the younger generation of Poles who lived in the occupied lands of Galicia, Bukovina and other regions of Central and Eastern Europe. The analysis of this issue led to the use of the following research methods, among which the chronological analysis made it possible to classify the poetic works of these authors, taking into account typical, for a certain era, genres in Polish literature; the method of theoretical analysis, combined with practical aspects, made it possible to establish the influence of Polish literature on the Polish-speaking population of Bukovina in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the Polish literature of Bukovina of the late 19th – early 20th century and its representatives Jуzef Janiszewski and Alexander Morgenbesser are analyzed. Conclusions. The analysis clearly indicates the significant influence of the poetic works of the priest Jozef Janiszewski and Alexander Morgenbesser on the patriotic mood of the Poles in the late 19th – early 20th centuries.

Education of Polish Children and Youth in Digglefold and Gatooma, Southern Rhodesia, in 1943–1948

During World War II, between 10,000 and 20,000 Poles, mainly women and children—who had been evacuated from the Soviet Union together with the Polish Army in the USSR under the command of General Władysław Anders—found themselves in East-Central and Southern Africa. They were to live in settlements specially created for them. Schools were organized there for children and young people of school age. Among the best Polish schools in Africa were the junior high and high schools in Digglefold, and later also in Gatooma, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Both schools were referred to as the School Center, and were characterized by a high standard of education. The organization and curriculum were based on the pre-war Polish educational law and the teaching plan in force at the time. The teaching staff consisted of Polish teachers. The purpose of the schools was to educate and prepare the young generation of Poles for life, as well as to protect them from denationalization. After the war, most of the refugees did not want to return to Poland, which had become enslaved by the Soviet Union. They remained in exile, abiding by the values they had learned in the schools in Digglefold and Gatooma.

Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Radial-Tangential Built-In Combined Permanent Magnet Pole Generator for Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is proposed to address the problem in the optimization process of the generator that only a specific index of a generator can be optimized to the neglect of other performance indices. Based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method, a mathematical model of the magnetic circuit of a radial-tangential combined permanent magnet pole generator is established, and the expression of the cogging torque including the pole offset angle is derived. The pole offset angle is proposed as the design variable, and no-load induction potential, air-gap flux density, and cogging torque are used as optimization targets. The relative optimal designs of permanent magnet generators are based on Pareto front statistics and defined parameter matching coefficients. Finally, a prototype is made based on the optimal structural parameters. According to the experimental results of the prototype, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the optimal design are verified.

Knowledge and activity of the young generation of Poles in the scope of the functioning of local government entities

Knowledge and activity of the young generation of Poles in the scope of the functioning of local government entities

Demographic Challenges in Poland Understanding Low Fertility

Research background: The phenomenon of low fertility in Poland is a vital subject of demographic analysis. In recent years, not only have there been changes in procreative and family models, but also in the age structure of society. This is particularly significant in the context of population ageing, which is becoming increasingly evident and brings numerous challenges such as increased burden on healthcare systems, a decrease in the active workforce, and the need to secure adequate retirement funds. Despite the desire to have children, many individuals refrain from making such a decision, and the reasons for this choice are diverse. Therefore, it was essential to conduct an analysis of the factors determining fertility in Poland, considering both the economic and social aspects. Understanding how the economic situation, labour market conditions, and changes in social structure impact on the decision-making process regarding childbearing is essential. Purpose of the paper: The objective of this article was to analyse fertility rates in Poland for the period 2004-2020. The conducted research identified the factors influencing the observed state of low generational replacement and determining their intensity. Methodology/Methods/Data sources: The data used in this article were sourced from the Central Statistical Office and covered the years 2004-2020. The study was based on literature concerning demography and econometrics. Three statistical methods were applied in the analysis of fertility in Poland: the Classical Method of Least Squares (CMLS) model, the Fixed Effects (FE) estimator, and the Random Effects (RE) estimator. Fertility analysis was conducted at regional level by dividing Poland into 16 administrative units (voivodeships). A panel model was employed for the analysis, and the results were subjected to Wald, Breusch-Pagan, and Hausman tests to compare the outcomes obtained from different models. Findings: The results of the analysis indicate that the economic situation and the labour market significantly influence the decision to have children in Poland. The trend of low fertility, although showing some increase, is still characteristic of the country compared to other EU nations. The analysis of the factors determining fertility is vital for understanding the decisions of young generations of Poles regarding parenthood.

Zadania i zobowiązania polskich mediów wobec 1050 rocznicy Chrztu Polski

The 1050th Anniversary of the Baptism of Poland is an important historical date – the commitment to self-examination and tasks for the future. In the age of media coverage important commitments are also journalists. The task of the journalist is to understand the culture of their own nation, which consists of history, religion, literature, art, tradition. The duty of a journalist in respect of professional ethics is respect for the dignity of the person and the family. This applies especially to defend just causes and freedom based on truth, goodness and beauty. Ethical responsibility also requires journalists to form their own personality. John Paul II, the obligations of all Poles, so the journalists and to respect for heritage, “called Poland”. It is good of generations of Poles. Journalist, regardless of the views should objectively convey the relationship between culture and religion, including the right position of the Catholic Church. Liabilities of journalist for the faithful witness to their homeland is a way to save their own dignity and the dignity of others.

SIMULATOR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PIKO HIDRO UNTUK MODUL PRAKTIKUM DI LABORATORIUM KONVERSI ENERGI

Piko Hydro Power Plant Simulator is a tool that performs the process of imitating something real and its surroundings from a Piko Hydro Power Plant. The act of performing a simulation generally describes the key characteristics of the behavior of a physical system or system, the tool aims to introduce, explain and assist in the understanding of a tool on a larger scale.
 This study describes the results of measurements and testing of the Pico Hydro Power Plant (PLTPH) simulator and the manufacture of a practicum module. The simulator is designed to find out about the Hydro Power Plant (PLTA) scheme as a learning material.
 After the PLTPH simulator was tested, the water flow rate in the channel was 0.29 L/s and the head value was 22.85 meters, with a potential power of 450 W or 0.45 kW with a generator efficiency of 0.8 and a turbine efficiency of 0.9 and a total 4 pole generator pole and 1400 rpm speed. It is hoped that this research can make it easier for users to understand about hydroelectric power plants.

Effect of Negative High-Voltage Corona Field on Hydrophilicity and Vigor of Astragalus mongolicus Seeds

This work aims to study the effect of dc negative high-voltage corona electric field on the vigor and hydrophilicity of Astragalus membranceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao seeds. The ion wind generated by the multipin pole generator at −3, −4, −5, −6, and −7 kV and the electrostatic field acted together. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . mongholicus seeds were exposed to the electric field for 30, 60, and 90 min. Results show that the ion wind velocity increases significantly with the increase of applied voltage. Malonaldehyde (MDA), electrical conductivity (EC), and apparent contact angle (APCA) in all treatment groups decreased to different degrees compared with the control samples. MDA, EC, and APCA decreased by 56.28%, 20.89%, and 31%, respectively. The hydrophilicity of seeds treated by negative corona field was improved, and the water absorption of seeds was increased by 1.34 times. Fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to examine the spectra, apparent morphology, and surface elements of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . mongholicus seed coats from different treatment groups. Results showed that the ionic wind generated by the negative high-voltage corona electric field had a significant etching effect on the seed coat and enhanced the water absorption and fiber strength of hydrophilic functional groups of the seed coat.

Civic and Uncivic Values in Poland: Value Transformation, Education, and Culture

Civic and Uncivic Values in Poland: Value Transformation, Education, and Culture

Mesh-Based 3D MEC Modeling of a Novel Hybrid Claw Pole Generator

A brushless parallel hybrid excitation claw pole generator (HECPG) is proposed for electric vehicle (EV) application. Permanent magnet (PM) excitation method can reduce the volume of the machine and improve the power density and efficiency. Moreover, the voltage regulation can be ensured by field excitation. The flux path of the proposed HECPG is complex, and it will take a long time for 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to process it. To reduce simulation time, the mathematical model of the generator is given by a mesh-based 3D magnet equivalent circuit (MEC) network method considering radial and axial flux, magnetic saturation, and magnetic flux leakage. The performance of the generator is analyzed by FEA and prototype experiment. Finally, the results of 3D MEC, FEA, and experiment are compared. There is little difference between the three results, so 3D MEC can ensure the accuracy and significantly reduce the simulation time. The efficiency of the proposed HECPG is 90%, and the DC-Bus voltage can be modulated by changing the amplitude of field current.

Jaka jest kobieta współczesna i jaką się stanie w przyszłości? Ciągłość i zmiana: opinie, diagnozy i antycypacje w prasie dla kobiet w Polsce międzywojennej

The interwar Polish press for female readers was creating visions of present and future woman. Journalists were showing social expectations, both traditional and modern. The former view was presenting woman as a good wife, mother, and a role-model for the future generations of Poles. Whereas the latter vision was showing female as an equal partner to a man in creating civilizational changes in the independent country. Press publications addressed to Polish women fulfilled an educative function, offering means and techniques of alleviating social tensions. Moreover, these articles were meant to create an image of a future woman, who is aware of her role in the society: private (household, social contacts) and public (work for common good).

Wychowanie dziecka w polskiej kulturze w warunkach emigracji na przykładzie polskich szkół sobotnich w Londynie

The aim of the article is to present the problem of raising a child in emigration, in Polish culture and national tradition, on the example of Polish Saturday schools in London. To implement the research problem, a monographic method was used, as well as a critique of documents and previous literature in this field. The result of the research is to present the role and merits of Polish schools of native subjects in the upbringing of children in emigration, based on the example of institutions operating in London. The article presents various forms of cooperation between Saturday schools and parents in the process of national education of their children. The patriotic upbringing of several generations of young Poles who are aware of their roots and are proud of their origins, is a great merit of the Polish schools of native subjects in London.

Effect of Pole Number on Generator End Winding Electromagnetic Force and Mechanical Response before and after RISC

This paper comparatively studies on the end winding electromagnetic force and mechanical response for generators with different numbers of poles. The analytical expression of the end winding electromagnetic force is derived under the rotor winding interturn short circuit (RISC) considering the pole number. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional transient finite element simulation is carried on two generators with one-pair poles and three-pair poles. Then, the frequency composition and amplitude variation characteristics of the radial, axial, and tangential electromagnetic forces are analyzed. Further, the maximum stress and deformation on the end winding are calculated and the similarity and difference of the coil failure law are obtained for two kinds of generators. It is found that RISC will bring odd harmonics to electromagnetic force for one-pair pole generators but it will bring odd and fraction harmonics for multipair pole generators. Moreover, the max mechanical response under RISC will decrease for one-pair pole generators but it will increase for multipair pole generators.