Generation Of New Knowledge Research Articles

Sharing of data archive of radiation exposure animal experiments in QST/NIRS and IES.

Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), and Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES) have conducted large-scale animal experiments for radiation risk analyses in terms of life shortening and cancer prevalence. It is important to store data and biological samples from these large-scale experiments for sharing and future use since the economic and practical limitations, as well as the ethical considerations, make it difficult. QST/NIRS established an archive called the Japan Storehouse of Animal Radiobiology Experiments (J-SHARE) for the purpose of storing and sharing these historic collections. We plan to integrate the data and tissue specimen images obtained at the IES into J-SHARE by standardizing the archive format, with the aim of maximizing the results of radiation biology research. This integration is expected to contribute to the generation of new knowledge for radiation risk assessment and the provision of scientifically based information on radiation protection.

Modern conditions for reproduction of the educational potential of the Russian workforce

The relevance of the research is related to the need to substantiate the specifics of reproduction of the educational potential of workforce as a key resource that ensures generation of new knowledge, its successful implementation into practice, and innovative development of domestic enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyse modern conditions for the reproduction of the educational potential of the workforce. The research methodology is based on the use of an integrated and systematic approach to determining them, comparative and statistical methods of analysis. As conditions for the formation of the educational potential in the post-industrial era, the article considers: demographic conditions, globalisation, formation of a unified information space, and digitalisation of the economy, increasing demand for skilled labour, accelerated development of the service sector, and increase in labour migration. The results of the analysis show that in Russia, the reproduction of the educational potential is hampered as a result of the demographic crisis manifested in the continuation of the trend towards natural population decline and an increase in the number of people of retirement age; increase in the scale of external migration of skilled labour; average level of Internet accessibility to the population, and, as a result, insufficient formation of its digital skills. Attention is focused on the growing need of the national economy for personnel with a high educational and qualification level, digital skills, and information culture due to the formation of a unified information space and digitalisation of the economy, accelerated development of the service sector, globalisation, and the increasing role of universities in shaping the general culture of the population. The prospects for further research are to develop an organisational and economic mechanism for reproducing the educational potential of the workforce.

A Systematic Review of Pedagogical Practices for Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Science Teaching

This systematic literature review seeks to investigate the pedagogical practices that can be used to encourage the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in science classrooms. By adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline method, past studies on pedagogical practices in integrating Indigenous knowledge in science classrooms were explored, resulting in the analysis of 25 papers as part of this review. The research findings revealed several strategies for incorporating Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) into science education in schools, such as engaging students in argumentative discussions, the use of contextualised Indigenous instructional materials, working with Indigenous knowledge keepers and elders, and engaging students in experiential learning activities. The study also emphasised the advantages of the different pedagogies that can be used in integrating IKS into science education, including the enhancement of critical thinking skills and the generation of new knowledge. The reviewed studies showed that acknowledging and utilising a range of approaches assists teachers in successfully integrating IKS into their science instruction. The implications of these findings are anticipated to be valuable for policymakers, curriculum developers and educators.

A Multicenter, Longitudinal Maternal and Birth Cohort Study in Latin America to Assess Prevalent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children from 0 to 5 Years of Age. The MINERVAL Study

Abstract Background A maternal and birth cohort study can assess the etiology and clinical course of lower respiratory tract infections and offers the opportunity to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, host characteristics and disease severity. In Latin America, a consortium of clinical research centers in Colombia and Panama has demonstrated its ability to conduct long-term longitudinal studies involving active surveillance of thousands of children with consistent retention rates. The MINERVAL cohort study aims to estimate the incidence, etiology, severity, and burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and to identify microbiome and transcriptome profiles to help predict risk and assess disease severity in children from birth to 5 years of age. Methods We are establishing a maternal/birth cohort study in four sites (Cali, Bogota, Barranquilla and Panama), and will be recruiting 542 participants per center. Enrolled pregnant women between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation, and newborns under 4 weeks of age, will be closely followed with active surveillance weekly during the first 2 years for early detection of LRTI. Monthly telephone follow-up calls will continue until five years of age to assess the development of long-term respiratory morbidity and complications, including recurrent wheezing episodes. Clinical samples (NP swabs -for respiratory pathogen detection and microbiome analysis-, and blood -for cytokine and transcriptome analysis-) will be obtained in pregnant women, and in infants in the first 4 weeks of life and every 6 months for two years. Women and children who develop LRTI during the longitudinal follow-up will be evaluated clinically and samples will be collected. Results This cohort will provide prospective data and biological samples at crucial stages of children’s development, to allow estimation of the incidence and burden of LRTI by age and etiology, and the identification of risk factors and possible targets for intervention. Furthermore, the use of transcriptional profiling will allow early identification of variables to predict and guide clinical management in children, the use of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies, and to prioritize the population to be vaccinated according to age and risk factors. Conclusion The establishment of observational maternal and birth cohorts in Latin America could provide information to guide the development of strategies to prevent and mitigate the impact of respiratory tract infections in young children. Collaboration among investigators in the region and partnerships with international investigators optimizes resources and allows standardization of good surveillance practices, data exchange and the generation of new knowledge for future studies.

Digitalization as a trend in the modern development of the economy of Kyrgyzstan and increasing the financial literacy of the country’s population

In modern Kyrgyzstan, transformational processes related to digitalization are taking place, which have led to a change in public consciousness, a reassessment of values in the field of economics, finance and in general in public life. At the moment, society is faced with the introduction of digital technologies, which have led to a powerful generation of new knowledge, attitudes and skills; there is a need to adjust personal financial management and lifestyle changes. Changing the model of financial behavior can be regarded as a way for the population to respond to the current situation, the purpose of which is to create opportunities for managing personal finances and ensuring relationships that allow the subject to achieve their life priorities. Citizens understand the need to involve them in new technological solutions in order to keep up with

Fusing domain knowledge with machine learning: A public sector perspective

Machine learning (ML) offers widely-recognized, but complex, opportunities for both public and private sector organizations to generate value from data. A key requirement is that organizations must find ways to develop new knowledge by merging crucial ‘domain knowledge’ of experts in relevant fields with ‘machine knowledge’, i.e., data that can be used to inform predictive models. In this paper, we argue that understanding the process of generating such knowledge is essential to strategically develop ML. In efforts to contribute to such understanding, we examine the generation of new knowledge from domain knowledge through ML via an exploratory study of two cases in the Swedish public sector. The findings reveal the roles of three mechanisms – dubbed consolidation, algorithmic mediation, and naturalization – in tying domain knowledge to machine knowledge. The study contributes a theory of knowledge production related to organizational use of ML, with important implications for its strategic governance, particularly in the public sector.

A Quantitative Review of Certified Burn Therapist’s Involvement in the JBCR Publications and ABA Leadership

Abstract The Burn Therapist Certification (BT-C) was introduced in 2018 to acknowledge occupational therapists (OT) and physical therapists (PT) with specialized knowledge, skill, and experience in the promotion of quality burn rehabilitation. Currently, BT-Cs make up 11.7% of therapists working in burn rehabilitation (n = 39/333). The purpose of this review is to report on the contributions of BT-Cs to organizational leadership of the American Burn Association (ABA) and in the generation of new knowledge through peer-reviewed publications. Despite the small percentage of burn therapists who are certified, they have a disproportionately large involvement in leadership within the ABA and burn research in the Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation (JBCR). From 2018 to 2023, BT-Cs have contributed to nearly one-half (n = 26/56) of therapy authored publications in the JBCR and almost one-third (n = 65/202) of accepted abstracts at the ABA annual meeting. Certified burn therapists demonstrate substantial involvement throughout the ABA, including maintaining an 85% membership rate and, on average, serve in 53% (n = 31/59) of the therapy allotted committee positions. Therapist pursuit of certification can have a profound impact on the burn community through publication, leadership, and development of care standards. Although therapists have indicated a desire to pursue certification, barriers related to a lack of association and center support have been identified. The burn community has endorsed certification as a mark of excellence for nurses and physicians. Maximizing the value of a transdisciplinary approach to burn care is also dependent on the excellence of therapies. If the burn community desires improved engagement and contribution from therapies, it should support therapist certification.

The Concept of Readability from a Librarian’s Perspective

In our present society, there is a need for information that will help individuals in decision-making and developing personal policies and will help them to transform into better information-literate citizens. An information-literate citizen can help generate new information by combining or analyzing all the information he or she has gained. It would develop new theories, which would lead to the generation of new knowledge. A reader needs to understand the document to process the information that is presented in it. This is where the feature of readability comes into play. In layman’s language, readability can be described as the ability of the written content to make the reader easily understand the information. This paper aims to provide a review of the articles that are related to readability. The review is done by searching for relevant articles on Google Scholar and analyzing them. Also, the paper aims to support readability studies in libraries as they can play a huge role in selecting appropriate books for users.

Application of Omics and Bioinformatics Technologies in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

The medical biotechnology community has undertaken significant endeavors to gain a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2’s biology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Omics approaches and technologies have been widely employed in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Since the onset of the virus outbreak, researchers have demonstrated how recent omics and bioinformatics technological advancements have contributed to the diagnosis, vaccine development, treatment, and control of disease transmission. Studies conducted since the outbreak have been collected and summarized, with a focus on bioinformatics approaches and their contribution to controlling this pandemic. Developments and advanced omics technology in connection to the COVID-19 pandemic have been analyzed. The multi-omics technology, which offers various strategies in identifying potential diagnostics, therapeutics, studies of variants of concern, and drug repurposing approaches, has been assessed. Pandemic response has seen the application of multi-omics and pan-genomics approaches, including genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, host-pathogen interactions, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in various research areas. Additionally, bioinformatics and mathematical modeling have played a significant role in disease control. The use of smart technologies to control virus transmission and predict patients’ health conditions and treatment outcomes has also been crucial. Transcriptome analysis has emerged as a major application, contributing to the generation of new knowledge on viral sequences and intracellular signaling pathways that regulate viral infection and pathogenesis mechanisms. The sequencing of the virus has paved the way for the use of omics technologies and an integrative technique in combating the pandemic. In general, the advancement of omics technology during this pandemic has been fascinating and has contributed a significant role to the science of health biotechnology in general and omics and bioinformatics in particular.Keywords: bioinformatics, coronavirus, COVID-19, omics, SARS COV-2

The Swedish initiative for the study of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (SUPRIM)

Despite more than 50 years of research and parallel improvements in hepatology and oncology, there is still today neither a treatment to prevent disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), nor reliable early diagnostic tools for the associated hepatobiliary cancers. Importantly, the limited understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms in PSC and its natural history not only affects the identification of new drug targets but implies a lack of surrogate markers that hampers the design of clinical trials and the evaluation of drug efficacy. The lack of easy access to large representative well-characterised prospective resources is an important contributing factor to the current situation. We here present the SUPRIM cohort, a national multicentre prospective longitudinal study of unselected PSC patients capturing the representative diversity of PSC phenotypes. We describe the 10-year effort of inclusion and follow-up, an intermediate analysis report including original results, and the associated research resource. All included patients gave written informed consent (recruitment: November 2011-April 2016). Out of 512 included patients, 452 patients completed the five-year follow-up without endpoint outcomes. Liver transplantation was performed in 54 patients (10%) and hepatobiliary malignancy was diagnosed in 15 patients (3%). We draw a comprehensive landscape of the multidimensional clinical and biological heterogeneity of PSC illustrating the diversity of PSC phenotypes. Performances of available predictive scores are compared and perspectives on the continuation of the SUPRIM cohort are provided. We envision the SUPRIM cohort as an open-access collaborative resource to accelerate the generation of new knowledge and independent validations of promising ones with the aim to uncover reliable diagnostics, prognostic tools, surrogate markers, and new treatment targets by2040. This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society, Stockholm County Council, and the Cancer Research Funds of Radiumhemmet.

РОЛЬ КРЕАТИВНОГО ЛІДЕРСТВА В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР

The article substantiates the phenomenon of leadership, which is an important direction of the management system both in public authorities and in business structures. Approaches to improving the management model in terms of leadership positions and persons among representatives of informal leadership are analyzed. Formation of leadership in Ukraine as a complex and multifaceted process requires a comprehensive analysis. The correspondence of administratively appointed civil servants-managers to the positions they hold in terms of leadership positions in the team was considered, informal leaders who could apply for elected positions and persons whose leadership abilities need additional development were identified. An important prerequisite for the implementation of creative activity in leadership is the creation of a creative atmosphere in the team, accumulation of creative ideas, stimulation of the development of the process of self-realization and self-improvement of personnel, their personal and collective creative development, coordination of internal interests of employees with the tasks of the enterprise. Achieving a high level of the role of creative management is possible provided that during its construction such principles as: systematicity, relevance, hierarchy, effectiveness, accumulativeness of creative information are observed. At this stage of society's development, the task of mobilizing intellectual and creative resources of the organization to generate new knowledge and develop an innovative product based on it comes to the fore. People are the only source of new knowledge. Although different people to different degrees are capable of creativity, and according to the generation of new knowledge, everyone can develop creativity skills. For modern organizations, increasing their own creativity is connected both with the involvement of creative individuals and with the development of the creative potential of those already working. Creative management clarifies and details the functions of an employee in the field of innovative activity, therefore the concepts of "management" and "creative management" are clearly different from each other. The essence of creativity is manifested in personal, social and household levels. At the personal level, creativity is a creative attitude to one's own duties: a manager in the process of management, a researcher in the performance of research and development, a specialist in the performance of job instructions. The main application of creative management is this creation and motivation of human capital activity, activation of his creative potential. Organizational and client (consumer) capital is already a certain result human creative activity (human capital). Creativity is becoming more and more important not only for employees of creative professions, but also for managers, because in order to provide the company with advantages in the fierce competition today, creative approaches are necessary. managers are interested in developing their own creative potential, forming a creative environment at the enterprise, as well as creating effective creative teams that will be able to think outside the box, creatively, find new ideas and approaches to management.

The role of implicit learning in second language acquisition

A number of academic disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, are deeply interested in language acquisition. The process of acquiring a language is complicated and includes learning vocabulary, linguistic structures, and communication techniques. The most crucial factor in developing diverse cooperative networks for the generation of new knowledge is the use of three to five languages. Learning a language is different from learning other skills or knowledge because of the unique status of a language. However, in order to be able to use the language, one must also acquire it. In the context of learning a second language, implicit learning is especially significant for language acquisition. The best research subject for implicit learning is language, and language learning benefits from implicit learning. Studies have identified and examined a wide range of criteria. This paper discusses the concept of implicit learning, its relevance to second language acquisition, and its implications for language teaching and suggests ways in which educators can incorporate these strategies into their pedagogical practices.

The Impact of Knowledge Management Process and Approach on Innovation Performance: A Case Study of Telekom Malaysia

The paper aims to examine the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (codification strategy and personalization strategy) on innovation performance in Telekom Malaysia. Quantitative research has been used as a research approach for the study. Data was collected through an online questionnaire. Out of 172 questionnaires distributed, 172 were returned with a 100 percent response rate. A Partial Least Square approach of Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the research hypothesis, and a path coefficients analysis was conducted, in addition to descriptive statistics that provide a background about the respondents. The analysis showed that there is a significant and positive impact of knowledge management processes (knowledge sharing & knowledge utilization) on innovation performance in Telekom Malaysia, as well as a significant and positive effect of personalization strategy approaches on innovation performance, whereas the knowledge process (knowledge acquisition) and (codification strategy) does not. This study contributed new insights to our present understanding of the impact of knowledge management processes and approaches on innovation performance in the telecommunications industries. With the help of these contributions, Telekom Malaysia can implement the proper knowledge management and practises in order to make better decisions in many ways of innovation performance. Although there are several sorts of innovation, all of them contribute to the generation of new knowledge within the organization

Extending the Foresight of Phillip Ein-Dor: Causal Knowledge Analytics

Phillip Ein-Dor advocated that electronic journals be more than a PDF of the established text model. He envisioned a transformation of scholarship. The need for such a transition has only grown since the first issue of JAIS in 2000 because the continuing growth and fragmentation of knowledge limits the generation of new knowledge. We propose drawing on analytics and AI to accelerate and transform scholarship, providing an appropriate tribute to a visionary IS leader.

Transformational Leadership in Organizational Change of Nepalese Banking Organization

This seminar report explores into the impact of transformational leadership on organizational change in Nepal’s organizational sector, emphasizing its ability to inspire innovation and adaptability among employees. It highlights the challenges faced by Nepalese industries and the need for strategic organizational transformations. Through a conceptual lens, the report underscores the importance of transformational leadership, encompassing idealized influence, consideration, intellectual stimulation, innovation, and inspirational motivation. By fostering intellectual stimulation and inspiring employees, transformational leaders facilitate the generation of new knowledge and drive organizational change effectively. The study offers managerial insights and research recommendations tailored to the dynamic and globalized landscape of today’s business environment.

Case of technology in the methodology of training specialists in the processing of fish raw materials

Introduction. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary case technology for training specialists in the processing of marine biological resources is considered. The goal of the work is to modernize case technologies for professional training of specialists in the field of processing marine biological resources into food, feed and other products in the concepts of “Full Cycle Economy” and “Strategy of the Related Sector”.Materials and Methods. In accordance with the program of the special course of additional professional education “Fundamentals of Design under the Marinet program”, a case technology is proposed that contributes to the formation of fundamental knowledge and practical skills in areas related to the production of food, feed and other products with high added value based on fish raw materials. The technology case methodology includes elements of innovative methods of the educational process, the generation of new knowledge, the formulation of intellectual property objects as the results of intellectual activity, and the formation of a team of innovators to solve a specific production problem.Results. A case technology methodology has been developed in the Marinet specialist training system for organizing deep processing of marine biological resources, fishing industry waste, and recycling. The basis of the methodology is a technological case of a new format. The methodology involves home preliminary preparation of students with analysis of cases in the form of presentations, discussions, brainstorming sessions in practical classes in the classroom or in an online format, as well as in the form of events held at the Entrepreneurial Boiling Points of universities or directly in the production conditions of the university’s business partners . An interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach to creating technological cases has been developed, taking into account modern trends in the development of vocational education, including the use of artificial intelligence at all stages of classes, which can significantly change the methodology of vocational education in the coming years.Discussion and Conclusions. The developed case technology is an effective tool for versatile training of personnel for a full-cycle innovative economy. It represents part of a new model of continuous professional education, including modern methods of generating new knowledge using AI, blockchain and mediation approaches in organizing group training and can be used in other areas of professional training.

Knowledge-based Capabilities of a Linguistic Neural Network

Today, linguistic neural networks are penetrating all spheres of human activity, including science. This fact is generally considered positively, as it yields a clear economic payoff. According to popular predictions, the current generation of people will already face the emergence of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) developed on the basis of the GPT line of linguistic neural networks. They say that AI will surpass the human intelligence in all respects. However, these expectations seem to be inflated. The main reason lies in the fact that the domain of modern linguistic models of artificial intelligence is the language of human communication, but languages of intuitive thinking, without which the generation of new knowledge obviously does not occur, are not yet amenable to formalization by means of information technology. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the knowledge-based capabilities of the modern neural network ChatGPT-3.5 in the course of discussion of phenomena of different scales: the control means and the foundations of modern science in the West and in Russia and the problem of reversibility and irreversibility of time in physics reflected in the theories of crystal growth. Initially, a linguistic model is aimed at making an assertion that is as anticipated as possible. And this feature leads to the eclecticism of the whole set of responses related to the broad theme of a dialog. The results of communication with the neural network on a narrowly specialized topic have demonstrated its ignorance of a well-known physics problem and, more importantly, its inability to apply it to a theory of crystal growth where this problem is the key one. Preoccupations, unreasonable optimism or fears about AI that characterize the moods of contemporary society have so far had little to do with scientific practice, apart from the harm caused by the ever-increasing information noise in which neural networks are becoming involved.

DIAGNOSTIC STUDY: TRANSFORMING RESEARCH GOVERNANCE AT UNIVERSITAS JAMBI – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH LPPM OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN UNIVERSITIES

The Tridharma of Higher Education, encompassing Education, Research, and Community Service, serves as the cornerstone of higher education's tripartite mission. These integral functions are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, positioning universities as pivotal institutions for fulfilling societal needs in terms of quality human resources, the generation of new knowledge, and providing solutions to a myriad of societal challenges. This study aims to engage in a comparative analysis with other higher education institutions involved in Research and Community Service (LPPM) - specifically USK, UB, UNPAD, and UNHAS - to enhance the performance and governance of UNJA's LPPM. The methodology employed in this research is an interview survey. The findings indicate that USK excels in supporting researchers and offering substantial incentives. UNPAD is noted for its robust foundational data, which forms a critical basis for decision-making. Additionally, UNPAD ensures efficient facilitation of research activities and publication. The standout feature of UB is its user-friendly system, greatly simplifying processes for stakeholders. Finally, UNHAS is commended for its clear direction in research and service execution, alongside well-defined annual targets. This comparative study is instrumental in identifying best practices and potential areas for improvement in UNJA's LPPM, thereby contributing to the broader goal of enhancing the effectiveness of higher education institutions in fulfilling their Tri Dharma. Keywords: Diagnostics, Comparison, LPPM Governance

Real-life studies and registries of severe asthma: The advent of digital technology

Severe asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous disease that negatively affects the quality of life of our patients and health care utilization. Given the remaining burden of uncontrolled disease in many of these patients, better understanding of its epidemiology, disease mechanisms, effectiveness of novel therapies such as biologics are still highly needed. Asthma treatment guidelines are largely informed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta analyses of RCTs, however inclusion criteria of many efficacy RCTs of asthma treatments often exclude a high number of patients with asthma in the community. Data from real-life studies and registries of severe asthma can complement efficacy studies by not only providing evidence on how a treatment performs in everyday clinical practice, post marketing safety information, data to support subsequent clinical trial design, but also helping to delineate the natural history of a disease and supporting important translational research endeavors. In the current review, we summarise available national and international collaborative studies and registries, the variables studies and the novel data and insights they provide. The key source of information for most asthma registries are real-life data from patient's electronic health records. Advent of digital technology in collecting data and their analysis is obvious and we draw attention to generation of new knowledge from registries of severe asthma to improve current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines and asthma control.

How Strategy Evaluation Affects Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya

The Ministry of Education directed that all public secondary schools must formulate and implement strategic plans; some schools have been faced with the challenges in their strategy management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of strategy evaluation on academic performance in public secondary schools in Kenya. The target population for the study was public secondary school principals, teachers, and students in Bungoma County. The county has nine administrative Sub-Counties, each with a Sub-County Education Director, a total of 258 secondary schools having 258 schools’ principals, 1,290 heads of departments, 258 school bursars from public secondary schools. The main tools for data collection for this study were questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis guides. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. The results of the study illustrated that there was strong positive and significant relationship between strategy evaluation and academic performance in public secondary schools. It is concluded that effective execution of strategic evaluation activities like review of academic performance, setting and achieving targets, involvement of strategic planning team, conducting of SWOT analysis and conducting of periodic performance appraisal. Recommendations of the study are that schools should ensure development of evaluation tools and processes that are aligned with school goals and objectives. Schools should make use of the evaluation results to inform decision-making and improve strategies over time. The findings of this study may be useful in the generation of new knowledge to the Ministry of Education and other stakeholders in education in their improvement of policies and practices of the effectiveness of strategy implementation on academic performance in secondary schools