Generation Network Systems Research Articles

Cost optimization of distributed data centers via computing workload distribution for next generation network systems

Recently, the research on sixth generation (6G) network systems has started as the deployments of fifth generation (5G) network systems go with a swing. One research aspect is the operation cost of 6G data centers because the energy consumption of the data centers has become a major portion of data centers’ operation cost as the request on 6G services gradually increases. Optimizing the energy consumption for lowering operating cost of data centers gains a lot of attention by the data center operators and becomes a hot issue of the current and future data center’s research. Most of the efforts in related studies have been made to minimize the operation cost from cooling, servers, and electricity aspects. However, most of the existing research studies address above operation cost issue in a separate manner which leads to inferior optimization results. Effective joint solutions are eagerly sought to optimize the operation cost of data centers. In this paper, a scheme of operation cost optimization is proposed for distributed data centers. Under the guide of the proposed scheme, electricity cost is optimized by taking into account of the multiple input single output (MISO) server power model, electricity price, and cooling efficiency. The workload distribution affecting the electricity cost as a major factor is studied and the optimal value of allocated workload is found to reduce the electricity cost. First, the whole system model is introduced. Next, based on the system model, the problem of cost optimization via workload dispatching is constructed without compromising service delay guarantee in service level agreement (SLA). Moreover, in order to conveniently solve the optimization problem, an algorithm is presented. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of the total electricity cost reduction.

From Network Security to Network Autonomous

Abstract In the 20th century, the emergence of the Internet has completely changed the work and life of human beings around the world. Today, people are increasingly inseparable from network. The Internet has been integrated with the global industry, agriculture, education, science, technology and national defense. The current Internet was originated in the United States. The Internet systems based on IPv4 and IPv6, they are controlled by the United States completely. Computers connected to the Internet are subject to data retention and backup in the United States. Data security is greatly threatened. In addition, due to limitations and loopholes in the design of the Internet, the Internet is subject to many different types of attacks. Internet research which based on security autonomy has received the attention of sovereign countries in the world. This paper mainly introduces the Future Internet system developed by Chinese researchers based on the current research on Internet servers, which is a new generation network system, the research and application of this system will have a profound impact on the world’s Internet.

Adaptive security-related data collection with context awareness

The huge economic loss resulting from network attacks and intrusions has led to an intensive study on network security. The network security is usually reflected by some relevant data that can be collected in a network system. By learning and analyzing such data, which are called security-related data, we can detect the intrusions to the network system and further measure its security level. Clearly, the first step of detecting network intrusions is to collect security-related data. However, in the context of 5G and big data, there are a number of challenges in collecting these data due to the heterogeneity of network and ever-growing amount of data. Therefore, traditional data collection methods cannot be applied in the next generation network systems directly, especially for security-related data. This paper presents the design and implementation of an adaptive security-related data collector based on network context in heterogeneous networks. The proposed collector solves the issue of heterogeneity of network system by designing a Security-related Data Description Language (SDDL) to instruct security related data collection in various networking contexts. It also applies adaptive sampling algorithms to reduce the amount of collected data. Furthermore, performance evaluation based on a prototype implementation shows the effectiveness of the adaptive security-related data collector in terms of a number of pre-defined design requirements.

Performance Investigation of Millimeter Wave Generation Reliant on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

Abstract In this work, photonic method of generating the millimeter waves has been done based on Brillouin scattering effect in optical fiber. Here different approaches are proposed to get maximum frequency shift in mm-wave region using only pumps, radio signals with Mach-Zehnder modulator. Moreover for generated signal validation, signals modulated and send to both wired and wireless medium in optical domain. It is observed that maximum shift of 300 GHz is realized using 60 GHz input sine wave. Basically a frequency doubler is proposed which double shift of input frequency and provide better SNR. For the future generation network system, the generation of millimeter waves makes them well reliable for the transmission of the data.

Intervenient Stackelberg Game based Bandwidth Allocation Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Networks

In order to ensure the wireless connectivity and seamless service to mobile users, the next generation network system will be an integration of multiple wireless access networks. In a heterogeneous wireless access system, bandwidth allocation becomes crucial for load balancing to avoid network congestion and improve system utilization efficiency. In this article, we propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for hierarchical wireless network systems. First, we derive a multi-objective decision criterion for each access point. Second, a bargaining strategy selection algorithm is developed for the dynamic bandwidth re-allocation. Based on the intervenient Stackelberg game model, the proposed scheme effectively formulates the competitive interaction situation between several access points. The system performance of proposed scheme is evaluated by using extensive simulations. With a simulation study, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme can achieve better performance than other existing schemes under widely diverse network environments.

Cognitive Management of Devices in the Wireless World

The success of mobile networks has been driven by the services offered, i.e. voice in second generation and multimedia services in third generation networks. Similarly, a key issue for the success of future generation networks is considered to be the provision of enhanced, always available, personalised services. At the same time, the complexity and heterogeneity of the infrastructure of mobile network operators increases as Radio Access Technologies continue to evolve and new ones emerge. All these issues call for self-management and learning capabilities in future generation network systems. Cognitive, reconfigurable systems encompassing self-management and learning capabilities have been devised as a solution in this direction. Cognitive systems determine their behaviour, in a self-managed way. This is done reactively or proactively, based on goals, policies, knowledge and experience obtained through learning. This paper focuses on the user device and presents a Cognitive Device Management System that comprises mechanisms for dynamically selecting the optimal device configuration, taking into account user preferences, device environment characteristics (context), policies, and knowledge established through machine learning functionality.

Performance evaluation for connection oriented service in the next generation Internet

In this paper, the principle of connection oriented service in the next generation Internet is analyzed. Considering the finite capacity, a Geom/ G/1/K queueing model with Setup, Close Delay and Close Down is built based on the operating mechanism of the connection oriented service. By using the approach of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable, this queueing model is analyzed. The probability distribution of the queue length and the Probability Generating Function (P.G.F.) of waiting time are derived under the steady state. Correspondingly, the performance measures in terms of average response time, blocking probability and system throughput of this connection oriented Internet service are given to describe the dependency relationships between these measures and the time length $T$ of the Close Delay timer mathematically. Both of the analytical results and the simulation results are provided to investigate and validate the influence of the system parameters on the system performance. The research work in this paper can provide theoretic bases for network design, network maintenance, network management and capacity design of the next generation network systems.

SIGN Technique for Retrograde and Antegrade Approaches to Femur

Summary: Although designed as a tibia nail, the Surgical Implant Generation Network system has been used frequently to stabilize fractured femurs. C-arm imaging is not necessary for placement of interlocking screws. Hand reaming decreases the morbidity associated with power reaming. The results are excellent for the contemplative surgeon.