Generalized Structured Component Analysis Research Articles

Understanding Composite-Based Structural Equation Modeling Methods From the Perspective of Regression Component Analysis

Regression component analysis (RCA) replaces the factors in a factor analysis model with weighted composites of the model’s observed variables. The weight matrix may be calculated from the factor model’s parameter estimates. Thus, RCA parameter estimates can be obtained using factor model software, but RCA composites have determinate scores, rather than the indeterminate scores of factors. Analytically, RCA equates to modeling with “regression method” factor scores, except that, while those scores will be inconsistent with the original factor model, they are strictly consistent with the RCA model. When the original factor model is strictly correct in the population and the composites in RCA are standardized, RCA parameter estimates replicate those from regression-weighted forms of partial least squares (PLS) path modeling and generalized structured component analysis (GSCA)—affirming that those methods also equate to modeling with regression method factor scores under the same conditions. Parallel measurement allows RCA to replicate both correlation weight and regression weight versions of PLS and GSCA. These results suggest that RCA and regression-weighted forms of PLS and GSCA are all consistent approaches for modeling data that conforms to a factor model. All analytical methods are described using one consistent symbol palette. Complete R syntax is provided.

Generalized Structured Component Analysis Accommodating Convex Components: A Knowledge-Based Multivariate Method with Interpretable Composite Indexes

Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a multivariate method for examining theory-driven relationships between variables including components. GSCA can provide the deterministic component score for each individual once model parameters are estimated. As the traditional GSCA always standardizes all indicators and components, however, it could not utilize information on the indicators’ scale in parameter estimation. Consequently, its component scores could just show the relative standing of each individual for a component, rather than the individual’s absolute standing in terms of the original indicators’ measurement scales. In the paper, we propose a new version of GSCA, named convex GSCA, which can produce a new type of unstandardized components, termed convex components, which can be intuitively interpreted in terms of the original indicators’ scales. We investigate the empirical performance of the proposed method through the analyses of simulated and real data.

The relationship between supply chain management and environmental sustainability: The mediating role of eco culinary product

Betawi Ora is an indigenous tribe that lives in Bekasi which is a region of West Java. In terms of cultural distribution, Betawi itself is a tribe originating from Jakarta, but geographically it spreads to the West Java region. The existence of Eco-culinary products cannot be separated from the supply chain management system and environmental sustainability because Eco-culinary is a food that represents the existence of raw materials provided by the environment where the community exists. Based on the background and urgency of this research, the purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between Supply Chain Management, Eco-culinary Product and Environmental Sustainability both directly and indirectly where Eco-culinaru Product mediates the relationship between Supply Chain variables Management and Environmental Sustainability variables. The respondents in this study were 210 managers of Betawi Ora restaurants in Bekasi West Java, Indonesia and employees who maintain supply chain management in that restaurant. Data collection and processing were carried out using the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method. The analytical approach uses the least squares method in the parameter estimation process. The research method is a quantitative survey, analysis of research data is performed using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS) with statistical data processing tools, namely Smart PLS 4.0 software. Results of this research show that supply chain management had a significant effect on environmental sustainability which is mediated by eco-culinary products. Thus, it can be concluded that good quality of supply chain management will be able to produce quality products, and it must be an important consideration that the goal of everything is to create and maintain Environmental Sustainability.

The effect of innovation performance on the adoption of human resources analytics in business organizations

<abstract> <p>Our study objective is to examine the determinants that influence the adoption of human resource (HR) analytics, along with the influence of the external variable called Innovation Performance. The research model was developed by adapting the theoretical model of the unified theory of the acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by adding the external variable, Innovation Performance. The data was collected using a survey at Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in the USA. Initially, a total of 602 responses were obtained. Finally, a total of 554 questionnaires were obtained after using information quality filters for debugging. This study reveals that the main influence on the adoption of HR analytics is exerted by performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and innovation performance on behavioral intention. Likewise, facilitating conditions, innovative performance, and behavior intention are the major influences for Use Behavior. This was found from an empirical analysis using the generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) software package that shows, with tabled data, the major relationships of the research model. This research into the use of HR Analytics investigated the standard determinants of UTAUT and the Innovation Performance external variable, that influence the adoption of HR analytics in business organization.</p> </abstract>

Examining the Influences of Satisfaction and Trust on the Behavioral Intentions of Customers Who Dined in Casual Dining Restaurants: A Mixed-Methods Approach

The restaurant business is very competitive, such that managers must identify appropriate components of their restaurant attributes to better satisfy the needs and wants of their customers. Studies have long investigated restaurant attributes but treated such attributes using a common factor analysis technique; these should be analyzed as components. This paper aims to demonstrate how researchers can conduct a mixed-methods study to investigate the effects of restaurant attributes on customer behaviors and how a component-based analysis method is used. A sequential unequal research design was undertaken, including three steps: (1) identifying a set of restaurant attributes from the restaurant literature (Step-1), (2) conducting a field study to propose a refined set of restaurant attributes that fit with the context of the study (Step-2), and (3) collecting survey data for further analysis with the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) technique (Step-3). The results of Step-1 revealed 10 restaurant attributes entailing many components. The results of Step-2 revealed only seven attributes (food, price, services, atmosphere, facilities, cleanliness, and location), entailing different sets of components specific to each attribute. In Step-3, a conceptual model was developed, including three constructs treated as components: satisfaction (encapsulated all seven restaurant attributes), trust, and behavioral intentions. The results of Step-3 indicated that satisfaction was found to influence trust, while satisfaction and trust were found to influence behavioral intentions. In addition, the indirect effect of satisfaction on behavioral intentions through trust was indicated as only a partial mediator. Overall discussions suggest further studies that may adapt various methods to improve research quality. Thus, this paper offers a specific procedure for researchers who desire to conduct a mixed-methods research design through the context of the restaurant business and for those interested in using GSCA. Demonstrating the research processes employed is the primary contribution of this paper. This may be helpful for novices interested in replicating our steps in their specific study context.

Positive Orientation and Psychological Distress: An Examination with Psychiatric Outpatients

Introduction: This research was conducted to extend the theoretical construct of positive orientation (PO) to psychiatric outpatients. This research also examined the effect of PO on alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among psychiatric outpatients. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 301 psychiatric outpatients online. As these respondents have a short attention span, short measures were used to measure PO-related variables (life satisfaction, optimism, self-esteem) and indicators of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). These outpatients are at the legal age to provide consent for themselves (M = 30.12, SD= 8.11). The majority of them have been identified as male (80.07%). Similarly, the ethnic distribution was unequal, with the majority of these outpatients identified as Malay (85.05%), followed by those who were identified as Chinese (7.31%), Indian (4.32%), and from other ethnic groups (3.32%). Results: Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) supported that satisfaction with life, optimism, and self-esteem reflect the construct of PO. Furthermore, PO predicted depression, anxiety, and depression negatively. Conclusion: It is possible to replicate the construct of PO with psychiatric outpatients using single item measures for life satisfaction, optimism, and self-esteem. PO is beneficial to psychiatric outpatients as it reduces the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress.

COGNITIVE BIAS ANALYSIS TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UKM) DENGAN KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

This study aims to analyze the Effect of Cognitive Bias on Company Performance with Investment Decisions as an Intervening Variable in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on Lombok Island during the Covid 19 Pandemic. The theoretical contribution of this research is expected to contribute to science and theory development behavioral finance related to investment decision making and company performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In addition, it is also expected that behavioral finance will become the subject of discussion in financial management courses. Furthermore, the practical contribution of this research is expected to provide input, suggestions and recommendations to the policy makers of the NTB Provincial Government in making policies related to the development of SMEs.
 This research is a quantitative approach-based research, with explanatory research as the type of research. The research population is all SMEs on the island of Lombok. The sampling technique was carried out using non-probability sampling, namely using judgment sampling, namely selecting SMEs engaged in the pottery industry and already exporting. From the existing population, there are 34 (thirty four) SMEs that can be taken as samples. Respondents in this study are the owners of each of these SMEs. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire. In order to achieve the research objectives and to test the hypothesis, the data obtained will be processed as needed using the GSCA (Generalized Structured Component Analysis) statistical tool.
 The results of the study show that Cognitive Bias have a positive and significant effect on company performance. The decision to place funds for working capital does not intervene with Cognitive Bias on Company Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on Lombok Island during the Covid 19 Pandemic. Most of them have high school and university education and the length of business is more than 15 (fifteen) years.

Study of Regularized Generalized Structured Component Analysis to Overcome Multicollinearity in Component-Based SEM

Multicollinearity is one of the issues that may arise in the analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). An indication of multicollinearity is the high correlation between latent variables and the correlation between indicators forming the latent construct. Multicollinearity causes the interpretation of SEM analysis to be inappropriate. In this study, Regularized generalized structured component analysis (RGSCA) is used as a solution to overcome multicollinearity in component-based SEM. The research aims to apply RGSCA to East Java poverty data, which contains multicollinearity. The first step is analyze data using GSCA, however the weights of and indicators are not significant, and the three estimated path coefficients are also not significant at the 95% confidence interval. The high correlation value between the indicators further indicates the presence of multicollinearity. Futhermore, the data are analyzed using RGSCA with ridge parameters namely which provides minimum prediction error (CV). The results of the analysis reveal that all estimation of loading factors, weights and path coefficients are significant at 95% confidence intervals. The interpretation of the path coefficient results suggests that education, health, and economy significantly influence poverty, while health and economy also have a significant effect on education, and health additionally exhibits a significant effect on economy. The overall model evaluation results obtained a FIT value of 0.662, indicating that the model can explain about 66.2% of the data variation.

Influence of Perceived Usefulness on Using the Shopee Application: Study on College Students

This research was conducted to know the effect of perceived usefulness on attitude, in the shopee application using the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). This research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Surabaya State University with the type of research used, namely quantitative with an explanatory research approach. The samples used in this study were from the Office Admistrasion Education student class of 2019, Economics Education student class of 2019, Commerce Education 2019, and Accounting Education 2019 with a total of 218 student. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed via google form, besides that the data analysis technique in this study uses variant-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), namely by using the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method.

Deep Learning Generalized Structured Component Analysis: An Interpretable Artificial Neural Network Model with Composite Indexes

Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a multivariate method for specifying and examining interrelationships between observed variables and components. Despite its data-analytic flexibility honed over the decade, GSCA always defines every component as a linear function of observed variables, which can be less optimal when observed variables for a component are nonlinearly related, often reducing the component’s predictive power. To address this issue, we combine deep learning and GSCA into a single framework to allow a component to be a nonlinear function of observed variables without specifying the exact functional form in advance. This new method, termed deep learning generalized structured component analysis (DL-GSCA), aims to maximize the predictive power of components while their directed or undirected network remains interpretable. Our real and simulated data analyses show that DL-GSCA produces components with greater predictive power than those from GSCA in the presence of nonlinear associations between observed variables per component.

Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University

This research focuses on the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method in evaluating service satisfaction at FMIPA Syiah Kuala University (USK). FMIPA USK is expected to have good service quality to satisfy stakeholders with the services provided. FMIPA USK needs to know the factors that affect service satisfaction. An internal survey of the integrity zone is one way to determine the quality and satisfaction of the services provided by FMIPA USK. However, this survey uses indirect variables, so the structural equation model (SEM) can be used. The SEM method used in this study is component-based SEM, namely Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). GSCA is used because questionnaires do not fulfill existing assumptions in general research, and the GSCA method does not require many assumptions. This research aims to form a model, determine the relationship between indicators and latent variables, and know the relationship between latent variables and the factors significantly affecting student satisfaction with services at FMIPA USK. The results of this study show that the indicators used are valid and reliable. Reliability, assurance, empathy, and tangibles is a factor that affects service satisfaction. Models formed in this study have a GFI value of 0.962 and SRMR of 0.365, so the model used is suitable.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KOPERASI DAN UKM KABUPATEN SAMPANG DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MANAJERIAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

The type of research is explanatory research using a quantitative approach, the research sample is 35 respondents (the sampling technique uses the saturated sample method), the data analysis uses GeSCA (Generalized Structured Component Analysis) analysis. The objectives of this study are: 1) To examine and analyze the effect of motivation on managerial ability in the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs in Sampang Regency. 2) To test and analyze the effect of managerial ability on the performance of the employees of the Cooperatives and SMEs Office of Sampang Regency. 3) To examine and analyze the effect of motivation on the performance of the employees of the Cooperatives and SMEs Office of Sampang Regency. 4).To examine and analyze the effect of motivation on the performance of the employees of the Cooperatives and SMEs Office of Sampang Regency which is mediated by managerial ability. The results showed that: 1) Motivation had a significant negative effect on managerial ability in the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs in Sampang Regency with a CR value of -0.38; 2) Managerial ability has a significant effect on employee performance at the Cooperatives and SMEs Office of Sampang Regency with a CR value of 2.33; 3) Motivation has a significant effect on employee performance at the Cooperatives and SMEs Service Office of Sampang Regency with a CR value of 4.87; 4) Motivation has a significant effect on employee performance which is mediated by managerial ability with a CR value of 11.40.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN, PELATIHAN DAN KOMPETENSI SDM TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI PADA BADAN PENDAPATAN, PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN ASET DAERAH KABUPATEN SUMENEP

This research is to analysis the education, training and HR competence variables on employee performance with motivation as a mediating variable (study on the Regional Revenue, Financial and Asset Management Agency of Sumenep Regency). This type of research is explanatory research, the research approach uses a quantitative approach, and the data analysis technique uses Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GeSCA). The research sample was 86 people. The results showed education variable has a good internal reliability consistency because it is greater than 0.6. The results of data analysis using the GeSCA method show that the alpha value obtained is 0.7909, which means that the training variable has a good internal reliability consistency because it is greater than 0.6. The results of data analysis using the GeSCA method show that the alpha value obtained is 0.695, which means that the HR competency variable has a good internal reliability consistency because it is greater than 0.6. The results of data analysis using the GeSCA method show that the alpha value obtained is 0.9071, which means that the motivation variable has a good internal reliability consistency because it is greater than 0.6. The results of data analysis using the GeSCA method show that the alpha value obtained is 0.9082, which means that the employee performance variable has a good internal reliability consistency because it is greater than 0.6.

The role of competitiveness as mediating effect of environmental uncertainty on performance of fisheries companies

Current research purpose to analyze and explain the influence of environmental uncertainty on competitiveness and fishery company performance, then also aims to examine the mediating role of competitiveness. This research uses a quantitative approach, with data collection using questionnaires. The sampling in this study was determined based on criteria represented by 3 people at the management level of 19 fishing companies (i.e. directors, operational managers, and supervisors), thus a total sample of 57 managers in the fisheries company. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this current research using generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Research findings indicate a positive and significant influence between environmental uncertainty on competitiveness and fishery company performance. Similarly, the competitiveness has a positive and significant effect on fishery company performance. Lasty, competitiveness has a role as partial mediation of the influence environmental uncertainty toward fishery company performance. The practical implications of the results of this study are the importance of fishing companies to adapt to environmental uncertainties in order to create competitiveness and improve company performance.

THE INFLUENCE OF STORE ATMOSPHERE ON CONSUMERS' INTEREST IN BUYING AT TANJUNG'S U & ME CAFÉ

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of store atmosphere on consumer purchasing interest at the U & Me Tanjung Cafe.Customers of U & Me Cafe make up the population of this study.
 The sample size in this study was 67 people, with a sampling technique of non-probability sampling and a sample size determined by convenience sampling. Data was gathered through a survey or questionnaire distributed to respondents. The Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GesCA) analysis tool is used in this study.
 The study's findings indicate that store atmosphere has a significant impact on purchase intent. The findings of this study suggest that a store environment that meets consumer expectations will entice customers to make purchases. Furthermore, a positive store atmosphere is one of the factors that determines the company's long-term viability.
 Keywords: Store atmosphere, Purchase Intention, U & Me Cafe

An empirical study of factors influencing primary school teachers' long-term commitment to Realistic Mathematics Education

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a re-emerging teaching and learning pedagogy approach that has gained a lot of momentum since 2016. Prior publications concentrated mostly on curriculum design and student achievement, while little attention was devoted to understanding teachers’ perceptions toward RME. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of factors that influence teachers' perceptions to adopt RME in the long term. Ten hypotheses were proposed and tested employing the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) technique. 226 primary school teachers from various regions were recruited to answer the questionnaires via Google Form. The experimental results validated six out of ten expected relationships between the factors in the extended self-determination theory model. That is, perceived competence affected confirmation, confirmation influenced both intrinsic motivation and satisfaction, intrinsic motivation influenced satisfaction, and satisfaction and parental involvement both were considered reliable predictors of realistic math education continuance intention. The remaining hypotheses were not validated, that is, autonomy, relatedness and competence were not found significant on intrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation did not influence RME continuance intention. Overall, the model explains 57.9% the amount of variance in the data. Administrators and policymakers are recommended to intervene on validated relationships to increase teachers' retention and long-term commitment to RME, whereas unsupported assumptions must be reexamined in the future.

Organizational Culture and Welfare, Its Influence on Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Performance of Civil Servants in the Government of Tuban Regency

The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as a government apparatus determines the success of administering Government for national goals and regional governments in the Tuban district, which is required to carry out accounting services. It is hoped that the Regional Government will massively implement the organizational culture "Tuban Bumi Wali" and increase income improvement allowances for ASN to improve performance. At the same time, it has not been able to improve SAKIP, so this study aims to measure how much influence organizational culture and welfare have on performance through intervening variable work motivation and job satisfaction. This study also aims to discuss in more depth the conditions of the Regional Government of Tuban Regency regarding "organizational culture and welfare, their influence on work motivation, job satisfaction and the performance of the state civil apparatus in the Tuban regency government". The research method used in this study is associative quantitative with an approach based on the philosophy of positivism. This associative quantitative research aims to examine the interplay between variables. This research tested the Component-Based Structure Equation Model (SEM) using the Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GeSCA) program. The results showed that the coefficients on the path of organizational culture, work motivation, and ASN performance was significant so that the indirect effect of 0.306 was significant, as well as the coefficient on the path of welfare, job satisfaction and ASN performance was tested significantly so that the indirect effect of 0.185 was significant. Keywords: Tuban, Government, Welfare, Work, Organizational DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/13-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Entrepreneurship education for women through project-based flipped learning: The impact of innovativeness and risk-taking on course satisfaction

PURPOSE: The primary aim of this research is to explore the correlation between learners’ characteristics and the perceived value and satisfaction associated with Project-Based Flipped Learning (PBFL) methodologies. A secondary objective involves investigating how these PBFL methodologies can be employed to enhance the quality of entrepreneurship education for women. METHODOLOGY: During the first semester of 2018, a total of 80 students enrolled in the Communication Society class were engaged in a longitudinal study, involving bi-weekly online surveys prior to the semester’s conclusion. The survey instruments utilized Likert-scale measurements, with a 5-point scoring system. The data acquired was subsequently analyzed using structural equation modeling, which facilitated the examination of both the pre- and post-change scores and the structural properties of their relationships with overall course satisfaction. In terms of statistical evaluation, the study employed Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA), a powerful component-based SEM technique, thus ensuring a robust and academically rigorous interpretation of the data. FINDINGS: Our research sought to understand the effects of learners’ characteristics, specifically innovativeness and risk-taking, on course satisfaction in Project-Based Flipped Learning (PBFL). We found that female learners’ innovativeness positively influenced their perception of the project’s entertainment and educational value, which in turn increased preference for PBFL and course satisfaction. Interestingly, risk-taking did not significantly influence perceived project value, which provides insights into the role of personality traits in learning outcomes. IMPLICATIONS: Our study invigorates entrepreneurship education theory by highlighting the key role of learner innovativeness in PBFL course satisfaction, urging a nuanced examination of personality traits in educational contexts. Further, we question the established importance of risk-taking, necessitating a critical reassessment in this domain. These pivotal theoretical contributions challenge prevailing assumptions, enrich scholarly discourse, and open new avenues for research. On the practical side, our findings emphasize the imperative of fostering innovativeness in women’s entrepreneurship education. These insights underscore the need for a strategically tailored, creative learning environment, with the potential to enhance learner engagement and satisfaction significantly. In sum, our research generates transformative theoretical insights and provides actionable strategies for improving the practice of entrepreneurship education. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Our research presents a novel approach to fostering women entrepreneurs in the media sector through PBFL. This unique focus on the intersection of gender, media entrepreneurship, and PBFL distinguishes our study from existing literature. Furthermore, our findings offer educators invaluable guidance for enhancing female entrepreneurship education, thereby enriching the pedagogical landscape of this domain.

DAMPAK ADANYA PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN ETIS BAGI AUDITOR EKSTERNAL

The ethical dilemma that an auditor faces when carrying out an ethical decision-making process that includes decisions between limiting quality. IAI gives sanctions to KAPs that violate auditing standards, so there is a crisis of confidence for auditor careers in Indonesia. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of audit experience, professional commitment, ethical orientation and time budget pressure on external auditors' ethical decision making. Surabaya Public Accounting Firm is an object of observation. Auditors at 47 KAP Surabaya in 2020 are the population of this study. The research sample consisted of 82 external auditors. This research method uses Simple Random Sampling. Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GeSCA) is the technique of this research. The output results of this study explain that audit experience, professional commitment, ethical orientation and time budget pressure influence external auditors' ethical decision making.
 Keywords: Audit, Commitment, Ethics, Budget, Ethics.

Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in Research: Narrative Literature Review

The structural equation modelling (SEM) method has stronger predicting power than path analysis and multiple regression because SEM is able to analyze at the deepest level the variables or constructs studied. This literature review aimed to describe the use of structural equation modelling in research. In general, SEM can be used to analyze research models that have several independent (exogenous) and dependent (endogenous) variables, as well as moderating or intervening variables. SEM provides several benefits and advantages for researchers, including building research models with many variables, examining variables or constructs that cannot be observed or cannot be measured directly (unobserved), testing measurement errors (measurement errors) for observed variables or constructs ( observed) and confirmatory factor analysis. Broadly speaking, SEM methods can be classified into two types, namely covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) and variance or component-based SEM (VB-SEM), which includes partial least squares (PLS) and generalized structured component analysis (GSCA). This literature review aimed to describe the use of structural equation modelling in research.