General Trend Research Articles

Experimental and Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Interactions in Quadrotor Configurations

The influence of interactional effects on quadrotor performance in forward flight was evaluated taking into account square and diamond configurations, forward and backward tilt angles, and a range of hub spacings including overlapping blades. The analysis was based on the wind-tunnel measurements and simulations from four midfidelity computational methods and the high-fidelity tool. The outcome indicates that the efficiency of a diamond configuration improves by 5% in comparison with isolated rotors for nonoverlapping rotor spacings, while the interactions in square alignments are detrimental for all analyzed test cases with the optimum at 0.04D blade overlap. The trend is more pronounced for the backward rotor tilt with intensified interactions, for which the efficiency of the diamond configuration increases by 11% at 1.2D rotor spacing. The computational results showed good agreement with the measurement data for the forward rotor plane tilt; however, for the backward tilt angle, the spread between the calculated values, especially for torque, could be observed with the general trends maintained. The study shows negligible impact of the rotor phasing on the quadrotor efficiency.

Regional features of modern Russian science (on the example of the republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation)

The article analyzes the regional peculiarities of modern Russian science. In the course of the research the works devoted to the training and reproduction of scientific personnel, as well as to improving the quality and efficiency of scientific activity have been studied. The general trends in the scientific personnel formation system have been revealed, and the factors and indicators that influence science development in the regions identified. A comparative analysis of scientific personnel training in Russia and abroad has been carried out, the distinctive and similar characteristics identified. The data on domestic universities publication activity have been presented. In the Russian universities subject rating the Republic of Bashkortostan universities are mainly in the third ten, which indicates the need to strengthen scientific programs financing, increase salaries and improve working conditions for researchers. An important factor in science successful development in the region is creating attractive conditions for young scientists, who play a key role in science and innovations development, as their participation is considered a scientific progress driver. The author emphasizes the importance of strengthening the science development in Russian regions, which requires not only financial investments, but also systemic changes aimed at supporting researchers and creating favorable working conditions.

Organic Fertilization of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) with Green Fertilizer (Tithonia diversifolia)

The present study was conducted on the volcanic soil of Mudja in Nyiragongo territory to evaluate the effect of fresh biomass of Tithonia diversifolia on the productivity of different potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experimental set-up was a completely randomized block design with four replicates and three treatments. Tithonia leaves were incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting potato tubers at a quantity of 36 kg. The results showed that the general trend in plot productivity was in the order of : T3>T1>T2 with the Gahinga variety (T3) at 27.81T/ha. The study showed that Tithonia diversifolia, under the conditions of this trial, had great potential for improving soil nutrient availability and could supply the quantity of nutrients required for potato cultivation without using chemical fertilizers.

Research on the Evaluation of Comprehensive Logistics Capacity of Major Ports in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

Under the new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international dual circulation promoting each other, it has become the general trend to promote the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle and deeply integrate into the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is an important hub connecting the east and west, and its port has become an important strategic resource for the economic development of the hinterland. Although the port has developed rapidly in recent years, there are still many shortcomings in the face of new situations and new requirements. By establishing an evaluation index system and using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method to evaluate the comprehensive logistics capacity of the main ports in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, this paper finds that each port has problems such as unbalanced development and the level of collection and distribution to be improved, and gives corresponding countermeasures to provide reference for the future development and construction of inland ports.

Ensemble inequivalence in an extended spin-1 Nagle-Kardar model

We conduct a comprehensive investigation of an extended spin-1 Nagle-Kardar model in the microcanonical ensemble, focusing on exploring the inequivalence between the canonical and microcanonical ensembles in this generalized model. Our results reveal that the general trends of the microcanonical phase diagram align with those in the canonical ensemble. The continuous phase transition lines of these two ensembles largely coincide, yet the first-order ones in the microcanonical ensemble exhibit greater complexity, showing various examples of ensemble inequivalence, particularly in cases involving the triple points.

The Current Understanding of Mechanistic Pathways in Zeolite Crystallization.

Zeolite catalysts and adsorbents have been an integral part of many commercial processes and are projected to play a significant role in emerging technologies to address the changing energy and environmental landscapes. The ability to rationally design zeolites with tailored properties relies on a fundamental understanding of crystallization pathways to strategically manipulate processes of nucleation and growth. The complexity of zeolite growth media engenders a diversity of crystallization mechanisms that can manifest at different synthesis stages. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of classical and nonclassical pathways associated with the formation of (alumino)silicate zeolites. We begin with a brief overview of zeolite history and seminal advancements, followed by a comprehensive discussion of different classes of zeolite precursors with respect to their methods of assembly and physicochemical properties. The following two sections provide detailed discussions of nucleation and growth pathways wherein we emphasize general trends and highlight specific observations for select zeolite framework types. We then close with conclusions and future outlook to summarize key hypotheses, current knowledge gaps, and potential opportunities to guide zeolite synthesis toward a more exact science.

The Program of Pre-Professional Pedagogical Education at the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of building a system of pre-professional pedagogical education for schoolchildren. Мethods. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative program of pre-professional pedagogical education at Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, developed on the basis of monitoring the state of pre-professional pedagogical training of schoolchildren in 87 regions of the Russian Federation, analysis of practice and scientific research on this topic, a survey of teachers, students, parents from 30 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. A general trend towards the discreteness of career guidance measures, the lack of consistency, general planning, and unified monitoring of the effectiveness of this type of activity was revealed. As a result, a program of pre-professional pedagogical education of schoolchildren was developed, providing a system of pre-professional education in a university setting. Conclusion. The innovative component of the program is achieved by designing areas of organization of pre-professional pedagogical training of schoolchildren consistent with the purpose: scientific and experimental activities; innovative activities based on educational organizations; scientific and methodological support for teachers of educational organizations; organization of career guidance and educational activities with students; tutor support for students in pre-professional pedagogical training programs for schoolchildren; interaction with social partners; education and informing parents.

Leisure time and parenting in Europe: a more difficult equation for mothers?

AbstractObjectiveThis paper analyzes gender inequalities in leisure time within coresident opposite‐sex couples with and without children at home in five European countries to evaluate the gendered parental impact in leisure time.BackgroundIn European societies, women continue to bear much of the physical and mental burden involved in running a household and managing family life resulting in greater levels of stress and time deprivation. Time spent in leisure has been associated with better physical and psychological wellness. Understanding how gender influences the distribution of leisure time among couples living with and without children at home, and how these effects differ across European countries, is important to understand individual and couples' well‐being.MethodDrawing on information from the Multinational Time Use Study for 15,024 matched couples residing in Spain, Italy, France, Finland, and the United Kingdom, we conduct a series of ordinary‐least‐squares regression analyses with country fixed effects.ResultsThe general trends reveal that women in Europe allocate less time to leisure and that mothers experience lower leisure of high quality compared to their partners when their children are below the age of 5. However, Finnish and British couples exhibit a more egalitarian distribution of leisure time regardless of their parental status, particularly when compared to Italian and Spanish ones.ConclusionThis study unveils a gendered use of leisure time, as well as a gendered parental impact when children are young. However, the impact of women's second shift in leisure time varies across countries, suggesting a cultural and institutional effect.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for researchers, health professionals, and policymakers concerned with understanding and alleviating situations of overstress, time poverty, and depression among women, but especially among mothers of young children.

Investigation of the Impact of Temporal Dose Delivery Patterns of Ion Irradiation with the Local Effect Model.

We present an extension of the Local Effect Model (LEM) to include time-dose relationships for predicting effects of protracted and split-dose ion irradiation at arbitrary LET. With this kinetic extension, the spatial and temporal induction and processing of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in cellular nuclei can be simulated for a wide range of ion radiation qualities, doses and dose rates. The key concept of the extension is based on the joint spatial and temporal coexistence of initial DSB, leading to the formation of clustered DNA damage on the µm scale (as defined e.g., by the size scale of Mbp chromatin loops), which is considered to have an increased cellular lethality as compared to isolated, single DSB. By simulating the time dependent induction and repair of DSB and scoring of isolated and clustered DSB upon irradiation, the impact of dose rate and split dose on the cell survival probability can be computed. In a first part of this work, we systematically analyze the predicted impact of protraction in dependence of factors like dose, LET, ion species and radiosensitivity as characterized by the photon LQ-parameters. We establish links to common concepts that describe dose rate effects for low LET radiation. We also compare the model predictions to experimental data and find agreement with the general trends observed in the experiments. The relevant concepts of our approach are compared to other models suitable for predicting time effects. We investigate an apparent analogy between spatial and temporal concentration of radiation delivery, both leading to increased effectiveness, and discuss similarities and differences between the general dependencies of these clustering effects on their impacting factors. Finally, we conclude that the findings give additional support for the general concept of the LEM, i.e. the characterization of high LET radiation effects based on the distinction of just two classes of DSB (isolated DSB and clustered DSB).

Inequality of carbon emissions between urban and rural residents in China and emission reduction strategies: evidence from Shandong Province

China is actively heeding the call and striving for a low-carbon and environmentally friendly development route as part of the general trend toward a global low-carbon economy. The rapid economic development of our nation has brought to light the issue of carbon emissions resulting from the consumption habits of residents. This paper delves into the topic by conducting a thorough analysis of the carbon emission of residents’ consumption using the input-output method. Based on the survey findings, the disparity in carbon emission between urban and rural communities in Shandong Province is evident not only in terms of total emissions but also in different categories and regions. Urban residents generate a total carbon emission of approximately 70.2921 million tons, which is three times higher than that of rural residents at 23.7846 million tons. The carbon emission of both urban and rural residents is primarily attributed to their embodied carbon emission. In examining the composition of the implied carbon emission of residents’ consumption in Shandong Province, urban residents’ carbon emission is concentrated in three areas, namely, food, culture, education, entertainment, transportation, and communication, accounting for 21.45%, 20.88%, and 15.10%, respectively. Conversely, rural residents’ carbon emission is concentrated in four areas, including clothing, food, culture, education, entertainment, transportation, and communication, accounting for 29.01%, 17.45%, 15.43%, and 13.36%, respectively. Finally, according to the characteristics of the consumption carbon emission of urban and rural residents in Shandong Province, we give corresponding emission reduction strategies.

Analysis of caregiver perspectives on patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II treated with pabinafusp alfa: results of qualitative interviews in Japan

BackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), or Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked metabolic disorder predominantly affecting males. Pabinafusp alfa, an iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, was approved in Japan in 2021 as the first enzyme replacement therapy targeting both the neuropathic and somatic signs and symptoms of MPS II. This study reports caregivers’ experiences of MPS II patients receiving pabinafusp alfa through qualitative interviews.MethodsSemi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with caregivers at seven clinical sites in Japan using a semi-structured moderation guide (Voice of the Caregiver guide). Thematic analysis was applied to the interview transcripts to identify symptoms and health-related quality of life impacts at baseline, changes during treatment, and overall treatment experience.ResultsSeven caregivers from 16 trial sites participated, representing seven children aged 8–18 years who had received pabinafusp alfa for 3.3–3.5 years at the time of the interviews. Data suggest a general trend toward improvement in multiple aspects, although not all caregivers observed discernible changes. Reported cognitive improvements included language skills, concentration, self-control, eye contact, mental clarity, concept understanding, following instructions, and expressing personal needs. Further changes were reported that included musculoskeletal improvements and such somatic changes as motor function, mobility, organ involvement, joint mobility, sleep patterns, and fatigue. Four caregivers reported improvements in family quality of life, five expressed treatment satisfaction, and all seven indicated a strong willingness to continue treatment of their children with pabinafusp alfa.ConclusionCaregivers’ perspectives in this study demonstrate treatment satisfaction and improvement in various aspects of quality of life following therapy with pabinafusp alfa. These findings enhance understanding of pabinafusp alfa’s potential benefits in treating MPS II and contribute to defining MPS II-specific outcome measures for future clinical trials.

Social Organization, Intersections, and Interactions in Bronze Age Sardinia. Reading Settlement Patterns in the Area of Sarrala with the Contribution of Applied Sciences

Abstract Bronze Age sites in the coastal area of Sarrala, in Eastern Sardinia, have been subjected to survey and excavation over the last half-century. The study area, whose social and economic evolution and changing scales of interactions are traced through settlement patterns and building analysis, is interpreted in light of more general trends suggested by stable isotopes, archaeogenetics, and paleoclimatology. The local picture of progressive demographic growth and infilling of the landscape, with a subsequent concentration of population and labor, follows a sequence widely detected in Sardinia. More specific identifiable aspects include a comparatively higher fragmentation/competition (ratio of complex vs simple nuraghes; ratio of tombs vs nuraghes) and a consistent pattern in the distribution of non-local building materials in the latest phase at the sites showing archaic features, taken as a clue of a long-lasting authority at select sites. These elements are compatible with organized pastoral exploitation of the available territory, structured according to patrilocality and closeness to ancestral lineages and residences. The interplay of internal dynamics relative to constraints and opportunities is discussed, such as climate change and long-distance trade connections, with possible implications for interpreting Nuragic society.

PHRASEOLOGISMS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH IN THE WORLD’S LANGUAGE SPACE

The aim of this paper is to determine the role and place of American English in the world. American English has taken a leading place in the world, but its development is very specific, because on the one hand it is leading and at the same time integrated into the world community. Anthropocentrism is present when describing the general trends in the creation of American idioms of the English language. All processes are characterized by human worldview and human problems. The areas of creation of American phraseological units of the English language are ecology, architecture, IT technologies, leisure. During the study of phraseological units of the American English language, the inductive (when describing the American English language) and the deductive method (when predicting the development of the American English language) were used. Telescopy, new phraseology, and word formation are used in the word formation of modern phraseological units of the American English language. In general, analyzing the phraseology of the American English language, new phraseology (word combinations) are mostly used in their creation. However, among the phraseological units of the American English language, you can find affixation, abbreviation, and reduction. The modeling method helped predict the directions of development of American English phraseology.

Transportation of Freight along the Trans-Mongolian Railway and Planning for the Rolling Stock Park

The main purpose of this study is to forecast the general trend of the country’s economic development, predict the volume of freight transported by railway, and analyze its trends using econometric and algebraic methods. Additionally, the study aims to determine the necessary measures to be taken in the future.

(261) Asian Men’s Health Report 2

Abstract Introduction The Asian Men’s Health Report 2 is a follow up to the first Asian Men’s Health Report in 2013 with updated data and new aspects delved into. Objective To report on the state of men’s health in Asia Methods Key databases that contained information on the health status of men from Asian countries were used. When limited data were available, findings from independent studies were sought to supplement the data. Results A general trend towards a more aging Asian population can be seen from the population pyramid for Asia in 1950, 2015 and 2050. Men have a lower life expectancy at birth than women in all Asian countries. Men have lower healthy life expectancy compared to women in all Asian countries except Kuwait and Qatar. Ischemic heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the top three causes of death and DALY among both Asian men and women. More women die due to communicable diseases compared to men. Death due to road traffic injuries are more common in men than women Conclusions There are rooms for improvement for men’s health in Asia. Health care practitioners and policy makers should take up the lead. Disclosure No.

АНАЛИЗ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ТРУДОВОЙ МИ-ГРАЦИИ В РФ ИЗ СТРАН СНГ ЗА ПЕРИОД С 2020 ПО 2023 ГОДЫ

This article reflects statistical data on the change in the volume of external labor mi-gration of the Russian Federation due to the arrival of labor migrants from the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter - the CIS) in the period from the beginning of 2020 to the 1st half of 2023. Based on the data, the general trends of the identified changes are analyzed, the main factors influencing the process of labor mi-gration are highlighted.

Abstract A023: Assessing the reproducibility crisis in vaginal microbiome studies for clinical applications in endometrial cancer

Abstract Recent associations between vaginal microbiota and gynecological cancer have led to high-throughput sequencing datasets identifying diagnostic biomarkers for Endometrial Cancer (EC). However, lack of bioinformatics standards results in inconsistent independent studies with poor reproducibility, making them clinically inapplicable. This study leverages publicly available amplicon sequence data to address the reproducibility of EC microbiome studies. We implemented bioinformatics pipelines from five studies to reproduce and measure the replicability of published results across cohorts using metrics such as alpha diversity, beta diversity and differentially expressed taxa. We further evaluated separability between benign and cancer patients at different taxonomic levels (phylum, class, order, family, and genus) within and across datasets using boosted tree classifiers and Area Under the Curve (AUC) as the performance metric. While we reproduced the general trend of observing higher microbial diversity in EC compared to healthy controls, we found irregularities in two cohorts. Using beta diversity distance metrics, we identified that histology alone explains less than 3% of the variance in all cohorts. Three microbiome differential abundance methods were used in the five studies. While they all agree on a decrease in the Lactobacillus genus in EC patients, there is no consensus on other taxa associated with EC. We also found that separability between benign and cancerous conditions is highest at the class level, having an AUC score of 0.86. In subsequent steps, we will perform an integrative analysis to identify an EC vaginal microbiome predictive signature that is preserved across all five cohorts, benefiting screening programs. Citation Format: Dollina D. Dodani, Aline Talhouk. Assessing the reproducibility crisis in vaginal microbiome studies for clinical applications in endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Endometrial Cancer: Transforming Care through Science; 2023 Nov 16-18; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A023.

Can the giant planets of the Solar System form via pebble accretion in a smooth protoplanetary disc?

Context. Prevailing N-body planet formation models typically start with lunar-mass embryos and show a general trend of rapid migration of massive planetary cores to the inner Solar System in the absence of a migration trap. This setup cannot capture the evolution from a planetesimal to embryo, which is crucial to the final architecture of the system. Aims. We aim to model planet formation with planet migration starting with planetesimals of ~10−6−10−4 M⊕ and reproduce the giant planets of the Solar System. Methods. We simulated a population of 1000-5000 planetesimals in a smooth protoplanetary disc, which was evolved under the effects of their mutual gravity, pebble accretion, gas accretion, and planet migration, employing the parallelized N-body code SyMBAp. Results. We find that the dynamical interactions among growing planetesimals are vigorous and can halt pebble accretion for excited bodies. While a set of results without planet migration produces one to two gas giants and one to two ice giants beyond 6 au, massive planetary cores readily move to the inner Solar System once planet migration is in effect. Conclusions. Dynamical heating is important in a planetesimal disc and the reduced pebble encounter time should be considered in similar models. Planet migration remains a challenge to form cold giant planets in a smooth protoplanetary disc, which suggests an alternative mechanism is required to stop them at wide orbits.

Integrating near-surface geophysical methods and remote sensing techniques for reconstructing fault-bounded valleys (Mellieha valley, Malta)

The island of Malta (central Mediterranean) is dissected by several WSW-trending fault-line valleys related to Miocene-Pliocene extensional tectonics. Some valleys host remnants of alluvial deposits that could provide information on possible Quaternary faulting, but the thickness of these deposits and their subsurface extent is poorly constrained. Our study aimed to investigate the structural configuration of the southern sector of the Mellieha valley, which is located in the north-west part of the island and is limited by the ENE-WSW general trending Mellieha and Ghadira faults, and their relation with a thin layer of infill sediments. We employed different near-surface geophysical techniques (electrical resistivity tomography, active and passive seismic methods, ground-penetrating radar), as well as remote sensing techniques (unmanned aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry and ground-based Light Detection and Ranging) to complement classic structural surveys. The valley structure has an asymmetric graben configuration, being bounded by a normal fault to the southeast (Mellieha Fault) and other to the north-west (Ghadira Fault). Our study provides insights of possible Quaternary fault displacements and revealed the presence of an additional fault splay, the previously unmapped NNW-dipping Mellieha Fault 2 at the south-eastern edge of the valley. Additionally, by integrating results from geophysical surveys, we estimated the thickness of the valley's recent deposits, being thicker towards the Mellieha Bay sector, with maximum values of 8–10 m. Our study aligns with the general model of horst and graben structuring with associated regional tilting since the late Miocene, and supports the hypothesis that some segments of NW-trending normal faults within the North Malta Graben exhibit Quaternary activity, although with minimal throw rates (<< 0.1 mm/yr).

Topological aspects of multi-k antiferromagnetism in cubic rare-earth compounds

We advertise rare-earth intermetallics with high-symmetry crystal structures and competing interactions as a possible materials platform hosting spin structures with non-trivial topological properties. Focusing on the series of cubic RCu compounds, where R = Ho, Er, Tm, the bulk properties of these systems display exceptionally rich magnetic phase diagrams hosting an abundance of different phase pockets characteristic of antiferromagnetic order in the presence of delicately balanced interactions. The electrical transport properties exhibit large anomalous contributions suggestive of topologically non-trivial winding in the electronic and magnetic structures. Neutron diffraction identifies spontaneous long-range magnetic order in terms of commensurate and incommensurate variations of (ππ0) antiferromagnetism with the possibility for various multi- k configurations. Motivated by general trends in these materials, we discuss the possible existence of topologically non-trivial winding in real and reciprocal space in the class of RCu compounds including antiferromagnetic skyrmion lattices. Putatively bringing together different limits of non-trivial topological winding in the same material, the combination of properties in RCu systems promises access to advanced functionalities.