General Status Research Articles

Protein complexes from edible mushrooms as a sustainable potato protection against coleopteran pests.

Protein complexes from edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.) composed of pleurotolysin A2 (PlyA2) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB) exert toxicity in feeding tests against Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae, acting through the interaction with insect-specific membrane sphingolipid. Here we present a new strategy for crop protection, based on in planta production of PlyA2/PlyB protein complexes, and we exemplify this strategy in construction of transgenic potato plants of cv Désirée. The transgenics in which PlyA2 was directed to the vacuole and PlyB to the endoplasmic reticulum are effectively protected from infestation by CPB larvae without impacting plant performance. These transgenic plants showed a pronounced effect on larval feeding rate, the larvae feeding on transgenic plants being on average five to six folds lighter than larvae feeding on controls. Further, only a fraction (11%-37%) of the larvae that fed on transgenic potato plants completed their life cycle and developed into adult beetles. Moreover, gene expression analysis of CPB larvae exposed to PlyA2/PlyB complexes revealed the response indicative of a general stress status of larvae and no evidence of possibility of developing resistance due to the functional inactivation of PlyA2/PlyB sphingolipid receptors.

Clinical analysis of 314 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion who underwent total hysterectomy directly: a multi-center, retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) complicated with occult cervical cancer and standardize the management of initial treatment for HSIL.MethodThe clinical data of patients who underwent total hysterectomy directly due to HSIL in the obstetrics and gynecology department of two tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Their general characteristics, pathological parameters and survival status were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between clinical parameters and postoperative pathological upgrading.Result1. Among the 314 patients with HSIL who underwent total hysterectomy directly, 73.2% were from primary hospitals. 2. 25 patients (7.9%) were pathologically upgraded to cervical cancer, all of which were early invasive cancer. 3. Up to now, there was no recurrence or death in the 25 patients with early-stage invasive cancer, and the median follow-up period was 21 months(range 2–59 months). 4. Glandular involvement(OR 3.968; 95%CI 1.244–12.662) and lesion range ≥ 3 quadrants (OR 6.527; 95% CI 1.78–23.931), HPV 16/18 infection (OR 5.382; 95%CI 1.947–14.872), TCT ≥ ASC-H (OR 4.719; 95%CI 1.892–11.766) were independent risk factors that affected the upgrading of postoperative pathology. 5. The area under the curve (AUC) calculated by the Logistic regression model was 0.840, indicating that the predictive value was good.ConclusionThere is a risk of occult cervical cancer in patients with HSIL. Glandular involvement, Lesion range ≥ 3 quadrants, HPV 16/18 infection and TCT ≥ ASC-H are independent risk factors for HSIL combined with occult cervical cancer. The prognosis of biopsy-proved HSIL patients who underwent extrafascial hysterectomy and unexpected early invasive cancer was later identified on specimen may be good.

Integrative assessment of in situ combined bioremediation strategies applied to remediate soils spilled with sewage sludges

Landfills and waste disposal sites in the Basque Country are summarized in the inventory of soils that either currently support or have supported potentially polluting activities or facilities (Law 4/2015). Notably, “Landfill 17,” located in Gernika-Lumo, has been receiving, for decades, sewage sludges from the local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as agricultural amendment. In order to decontaminate and recover soil functionality, a combination of bioremediation (which involved bioagumentation and phyto- and vermitechnologies) and complementary bioremediation strategy (i.e., promotion and maintenance of the native vegetation) was implemented in situ. Physicochemical and ecotoxicological characterization were achieved. Furthermore, an ecotoxicological assessment of the soils upon flora and fauna was carried out through the application of different bioassays and biomarkers. Additionally, an integrative biomarker response (IBR/n) index was calculated to provide a holistic view of the soil general status. Critical pollutants [Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, benzo(a)pyrene, and dieldrin] were observed in most of the treated sites. Microbial parameters did not present remarkable differences among sites. However, plant indicators pointed the non-treated site (MN8) as the unhealthiest. This was also observed in earthworms’ immune system, where cytotoxicity appears when exposed to non-treated soils. In conclusion, this field study showed that the combination of bioaugmentation, phytoremediation with native species, and vermiremediation is highly useful in eliminating mixed contamination, improving soil health, and ultimately restoring ecosystem functionality and biodiversity.

The Efficacy of Diabetic Foot Treatment in a "TOSF" Pattern: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.

To evaluate the advantages and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot (DF) patients by analyzing the results of a 5-year follow-up of the organ system based (TOSF) treatment model. A retrospective study was conducted in 229 patients with diabetic foot. Chi-square test and rank-sum test were used to analyze the effects of patients' general condition, behavioral and nutritional status, degree of infection (inflammatory markers), comorbidity, diabetic foot grade/classification, and revascularization on readmission rate, amputation rate, all-cause mortality, incidence of other complications, and wound healing time. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of diabetic foot. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the differences in amputation rate and mortality rate at each time point. This study showed that nutritional status, degree of infection, and revascularization influenced readmission rates. General condition, behavior and nutritional status, degree of infection, Wagner grade and revascularization affect the amputation rate. General conditions, behavioral and nutritional status, degree of infection, comorbidities, classification and revascularization affect the mortality of patients. Age and white blood cell(WBC) count affected the incidence of other complications. Influence of infection degree and Wagner grade and revascularization in patients with wound healing time. Revascularization was an independent protective factor for readmission, amputation, and mortality.Elevated serum inflammatory markers are an independent risk factor for amputation. Hypoproteinemia is an independent risk factor for mortality. In the "TOSF" diagnosis and treatment pattern, diabetic foot patients have a good prognosis. Special attention should be paid to the screening and revascularization of lower extremity vascular disease in patients with diabetic foot.

Endovascular coils extrusion after internal carotid artery occlusion: From management to follow-up.

ICA coil extrusion (ICA-CE) occurs most frequently in the nasopharyngeal/sinonasal site. Evaluating the ICA coils stability, through an angiography, is of primary importance. ICA-CE management needs to be decided based on the patient's symptoms and general status.

Radiological Classification and Management Algorithm of Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma.

Background: Petrous apex cholesterol granulomas (PACGs) are benign inflammatory cystic lesions of the temporal bone. Usually, asymptomatic patients may develop symptoms as the lesions expand. The diagnosis is based on both CT and MRI scans and the management relies on "wait and scan" or surgery. This paper aims at evaluating surgical outcomes and proposing a CT-based classification and a management algorithm. Methods: Patients with PACGs who were surgically treated between 2014 and 2024 were included. Symptoms, imaging, approach type and complications were considered. CT scans were classified as Type A (preserved apex cellularity), Type B (erosion of the apex cellularity), and Type C (involvement of the noble structures bone boundaries). The possible connection of the lesion with the infracochlear, perilabyrinthine and sphenoidal cellularity was assessed. Results: Nineteen patients with symptoms like diplopia, headache and sensorineural hearing loss were included. According to our classification, 1/19 patients was Type A, 4/19 were Type B and 14/19 were Type C. Five patients underwent a total resection, seven a subtotal and seven a surgical drainage. Only two complications were recorded, and 17/19 patients showed symptom regression and stability during follow-up. Conclusions: While the management of PACGs is still controversial, according to our classification and surgical outcomes, Type A, being mostly asymptomatic, should be managed with "wait and scan", Type B should undergo surgery when symptoms are present, while Type C should always undergo surgery because of their invasiveness and potential complications. When possible, a drainage should be attempted; otherwise, a surgical resection is chosen, and its completeness depends on the preoperative general and hearing status.

Serum SERCA2a levels in heart failure patients are associated with adverse events after discharge.

Calcium homeostasis imbalance is one of the important pathological mechanisms in heart failure. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), a calcium ATPase on the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac myocytes, is a myocardial systolic-diastolic Ca2 + homeostasis regulating enzyme that is not only involved in cardiac diastole but also indirectly affects cardiac myocyte contraction. SERCA2a expression was found to be decreased in myocardial tissue in heart failure, however, there are few reports on serum SERCA2a expression in patients with heart failure, and this study was designed to investigate whether serum SERCA2a levels are associated with the occurrence of adverse events after discharge in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Patients with heart failure hospitalized in the cardiovascular department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China, from July 2018 to July 2019 were included in this study, and serum SERCA2a concentrations were measured; each enrolled patient was followed up by telephone after 6 months (6 ± 1 months) for general post-discharge patient status. The correlation between serum SERCA2a levels and the occurrence of adverse events (death or readmission due to heart failure) after hospital discharge was assessed using multiple analysis and trend analysis. Seventy-one patients with heart failure were finally included in this study, of whom 38 (53.5%) were men and 33 (46.5%) were women (All were postmenopausal women). Multiple analysis revealed no correlation between serum SERCA2a levels and the occurrence of adverse events in the total study population and in male patients, but serum SERCA2a levels were associated with the occurrence of adverse outcome events after hospital discharge in female patients (OR = 1.02, P = .047). Further analysis using a trend analysis yielded a 4.0% increase in the risk of adverse outcomes after hospital discharge for each unit increase in SERCA2a in female patients (OR = 1.04; P = .02), while no significant difference was seen in men. This study suggests that serum SERCA2a levels at admission are associated with the occurrence of post-discharge adverse events in postmenopausal female patients hospitalized with heart failure.

Effects of movement training based on rhythmic auditory stimulation in cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial.

According to the World Alzheimer's Disease Report in 2015,there were 9.9 million new cases of dementia in the world every year. At present, the number of patients suffering from dementia in China has exceeded 8 million, and it may exceed 26 million by 2040.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the pathological state of pre-dementia with the manifestation of the progressive decline of memory or other cognitive functions but without decline of activities of daily life. It is particularly important to prevent or prolong the development of MCI into dementia. Research showing effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation based-movement training(RASMT) interventions on cognitive function is also emerging. Therefore, the present meta-analysis briefly summarize findings regarding the impacts of RASMT programs on cognitive impairment. Data from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were utilized. The impact of RASMT on cognitive functions was evaluated using indicators such as overall cognitive status, memory, attention, and executive functions. The REVMAN5.3 software was employed to analyze bias risks integrated into the study and the meta-analysis results for each indicator. A total of 1,596 studies were retrieved, of which 1,385 non-randomized controlled studies and 48 repetitive studies were excluded. After reviewing titles and abstracts of the remaining 163 articles, 133 irrelevant studies were excluded, 30 studies were downloaded and read the full text. Among 30 articles, 18 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, the other 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Utilizing the Cochrane Collaborative Network Bias Risk Assessment Scale, it was found that 11 studies explained the method of random sequence generation, nine studies did not describe allocation concealment, four were single-blinded to all researchers, and eight reported single-blinding in the evaluation of experimental results. In the meta-analysis, the main outcomes showed statistically significant differences in overall cognitive status [MD = 1.19, 95%CI (0.09, 2.29), (p < 0.05)], attention [MD = -1.86, 95%CI (-3.53, -0.19), (p < 0.05)], memory [MD = 0.71, 95%CI (0.33, 1.09), (p < 0.01)], and executive function [MD = -0.23, 95% CI (-0.44, -0.02), (p < 0.05)]. Secondary outcomes indicated no statistically significant differences in verbal fluency [MD = -0.51, 95%CI (-1.30, 0.27), (p = 0.20)], while depression [MD = -0.29, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.16), (p < 0.01)] and anxiety [MD = 0.19, 95% CI (0.06, 0.32), (p < 0.01)] exhibited statistically significant differences. The GRADEpro GDT online tool assessed the quality of evidence for the outcome measures, revealing one low-quality outcome, two moderate-quality outcomes, and one high-quality outcome in this review. This study shows that RASMT can improve the general cognitive status, memory, attention and executive function of patients with cognitive impairment. The quality of evidence revealed that MMSE was low, attention and memory were moderate, and executive function was high. The RAMST program (type of exercise: play percussion instruments; time of exercise: 30-60 min; frequency of exercise: 2-3 times/week; duration of exercise: more than 12 weeks) was proved to be more effective in improving cognitive function. However, the sample size is relatively insufficient, the future needs further study. PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42023483561.

Markers of oncological prognosis in the surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma

   The progression of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) may be influenced by the characteristics of the local and systemic immune response, including the peculiarities of systemic inflammatory response during surgical interventions. The dependence of the prognosis of cancer patients on the preoperative general somatic status and postoperative complications is demonstrated precisely through the prism of a systemic inflammation development promoting the progression of oncological process. It is necessary to study the interaction of a typical inflammatory reaction and the features of reparative processes to understand the correct treatment strategy for patients with oral cancer in the conditions of the existing oncological process. It was found that chronization of inflammation is associated with m2-macrophage polarization which contributes to the tumor progression. And systemic inflammation indices correlate with treatment results. It is also necessary to identify prognostic factors of postoperative complications that affect the chronization of inflammation. They may include the general somatic and nutritional status of patients, concomitant diseases and indices of systemic inflammation. It is obvious that improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with oral cancer can be influenced by various ways of managing the inflammatory response, including the peculiarities of performing the reconstructive interventions and improving the preoperative general somatic and nutritional status.

Epistemological features of synthetic biology in the context of the typology of scientific rationality by V.S. Stepin

The article examines the epistemological role of synthetic biology in  the context of the transformation of forms of scientific knowledge. The main  focus is on technoscience and synthetic biology, the grounds for its use as a  representative of the current stage of scientific knowledge development. The  author defines synthetic biology, its goals, methods, and general status in  the system of scientific knowledge, and also examines both the existing and  possible epistemological usefulness of this scientific branch. Attention is paid  to the logical justification of the paradoxical states of synthetic biology. The results reflect the possible forms in which the epistemological usefulness of the  scientific direction will be most relevant.

Low level of the dental health as an indicator of malignant of the oral mucosa

   Introduction. The manifestation of oncological alertness during dispensary observation by a dentist is very important. The most accessible options for preventing malignancy of the oral mucosa are sanitation, regular professional oral hygiene, as well as educational work among doctors and the population. However, despite the visual accessibility of tissues and organs of the oral cavity, there is an annual increase in malignant neoplasms in this area. In this case, most patients are diagnosed with a tumor process of the last stage. malignant neoplasms of the head and neck organs require special attention due to high risk of disability even at an early stage.   Aim. To evaluate a correlation between malignancy of the oral mucosa and the burdened dental status of patients.   Materials and methods. A controlled study was conducted which included 142 patients with cancer of the oral mucosa without sequential or parallel inclusion of patients in groups. Dental status was assessed at help-seeking stage or during clinical examination, as planned, by evaluation of main dental indices. The morphological diagnosis was established using histological verification.   Results. The majority of patients with oral tumors had hard dental plaque (81.7 % of cases). The condition of the soft tissues, in addition to presence of the mucous membrane lesion, was characterized by bleeding (69 % of cases). moderate periodontal pathology was detected (19 % of cases). patients with the cavity tumors had an acute traumatic edge of hard tissues (70 % of cases), extensive caries (26 % of cases) and the presence of removable dentures (82 % of cases).   Conclusion. The values of parameters evaluated in patients in the study with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa show its relation to aggravation of general somatic status. All patients in the study required dental treatment and training in oral hygiene care.

The role of a complete clinical examination for the safety of wearing contact lenses for myopia control (literature review)

Introduction. In the light of E.S. Avetisov’s hereditary-physiological theory of the pathogenesis of myopia and works devoted to the infl uence of peripheral myopic and hyperopic defocus on refraction, it makes sense to consider myopia as a multifactorial disease, so patients with myopia should receive comprehensive monitoring and treatment from related specialists. However, in practice, the general somatic status of patients and the presence of concomitant diseases in them are often not studied. Purpose: to analyze literature data on the impact of patients’ comorbidities on their wearing of contact lenses, to assess potential risk factors in such patients, and to draw the attention of an ophthalmologist to the importance of a complete clinical examination. Materials and methods. An analysis was made of publications on such resources as Pubmed, eLibrary, Medline over the past 30 years. 43 literature sources were analyzed, of which 37 were published no later than 10 years. Results. The authors of these publications describe how taking drugs from the group of retinoids, the presence of allergic conjunctivitis, thyroid diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and the characteristics of the patient’s psycho-emotional state can infl uence the incidence of complications when using contact lenses. Conclusions. Taking into account numerous studies on the relationship between the progression of myopia and general somatic diseases, as well as the features of contact correction in childhood with comorbidities, we can say that a complete clinical examination of each patient is of high importance.

Total bacterial count and somatic cell count in bulk and individual goat milk around kidding: two longitudinal observational studies.

Total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) are important quality parameters in goat milk. Exceeding the bulk milk TBC (BMTBC) thresholds leads to price penalties for Dutch dairy goat farmers. Controlling these milk quality parameters can be challenging, especially around kidding. First, we describe the variation and the peaks around kidding of TBC and SCC in census data on Dutch bulk milk over the last 22 years. Second, to explore causes of these elevations, we studied the variation of TBC and SCC in individual goat milk from 3 weeks before to 5 weeks after kidding and their association with systemic response markers interferon-γ (IFN-γ), calprotectin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), body condition score (BCS) and fecal consistency. We visited 4 Dutch dairy goat farms weekly for 10 to 16 weeks around kidding. Some of the goats had been dried off, other goats were milked continuously throughout pregnancy. A total of 1,886 milk samples from 141 goats were collected for automated flowcytometric quantification of TBC and SCC measurement. IFN-γ, calprotectin and BHB were determined twice in blood of the same goats, most samples were collected after kidding. The BCS and fecal consistency were scored visually before and after kidding. We found a strong correlation between TBC and SCC (Spearman's rho = 0.87) around kidding. Furthermore, in the third week before kidding, the average TBC (5.67 log10 cfu/mL) and SCC (6.70 log10 cells/mL) were significantly higher compared with the fifth week after kidding, where the average TBC decreased to 4.20 log10 cfu/mL and the average SCC decreased to 5.92 log10 cells/mL. In multivariable linear regression models, farm and stage of lactation were significantly associated with TBC and SCC, but none of the systemic response markers correlated with TBC or SCC. In conclusion, TBC and SCC in dairy goats were high in late lactation and decreased shortly after parturition. For SCC, the dilution effect might have caused the decrease, but this was not plausible for TBC. Moreover, the excretion of bacteria and cells in goat milk was not associated with the selected systemic response markers that were chosen as a read out for general immunity status, intestinal health and metabolic diseases. Therefore, we assume that the TBC increase before kidding and the decrease after parturition is caused by other systemic, possibly hormonal, processes. To reduce BMTBC and BMSCC, it would be advisable to keep milk of goats with highest numbers of bacteria and cells in their milk out of the bulk milk during end lactation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of withholding this end lactation milk from the bulk tank.

Microbiome in gynecologic malignancies: a bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022.

Microbiome and microbial dysbiosis have been proven to be involved in the carcinogenesis and treatment of gynecologic malignancies. However, there is a noticeable gap in the literature, as no comprehensive papers have covered general information, research status, and research frontiers in this field. This study addressed this gap by exploring the relationship between the gut and female reproductive tract (FRT) microbiome and gynecological cancers from a bibliometric perspective. Using VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R6, and HistCite Pro 2.1 software, we analyzed data retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Our dataset, consisting of 204 articles published from 2012 to 2022, revealed a consistent and upward publication trend. The United States and the United Kingdom were the primary driving forces, attributed to their prolificacy, high-quality output, and extensive cooperation. The University of Arizona Cancer Center, which is affiliated with the United States, ranked first among the top ten most prolific institutions. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology emerged as the leading publisher. Herbst-Kralovetz MM led as the most productive author. Mitra A was the most influential author. Cervical cancer is notably associated with the microbiome, while endometrial and ovarian cancers are receiving increased attention in the last year. Intersections between the gut microbiome and estrogen are of growing importance. Current research focuses on identifying specific microbial species for etiological diagnosis, while frontiers mainly focus on the anticancer potential of microorganisms, such as regulating the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In conclusion, this study sheds light on a novel and burgeoning direction of research, providing a one-stop overview of the microbiome in gynecologic malignancies. Its findings aim to help young researchers to identify research directions and future trends for ongoing investigations.

ВЫБОР МАТЕРИАЛА ПРИ ОКАЗАНИИ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ЧАСТИЧНЫМ И ПОЛНЫМ ОТСУТСТВИЕМ ЗУБОВ (обзор литературы)

Orthopedic treatment is extremely difficult for diseases of the oral mucosa, such as chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, leukoplakia, lichen planus, etc. Domestic scientists have long recognized the need for a differentiated approach to the selection of material for the manufacture of dentures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s dental and general somatic status, and microflora of the oral cavity. The choice of material is carried out taking into account not only its physicochemical characteristics, but also the biological effect on the oral mucosa. Purpose of the work: to identify new scientific data by analyzing systematic reviews that reveal the etiological aspects and pathogenesis of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years was conducted, which analyzed dissertations and articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Acrylic resins remain the most common structural material in partial and complete removable prosthetics. But such negative properties of acrylic orthopedic structures, such as residual monomer and microporosity, often lead to an increase in the number of allergic reactions in patients, the occurrence of microcracks in the prosthesis and other negative consequences. An alternative to removable dentures made of acrylic plastics are fairly widely used orthopedic structures made of thermoplastic materials, which in their chemical structure do not have the main negative properties inherent in acrylic plastics, and in terms of strength indicators are several times higher than acrylic ones. Depending on the specific clinical situation, the type of base material from thermoplastic masses for prosthetics for patients is selected. The chemical composition and choice of such materials is quite large. The issues of studying the mechanisms of tissue stress, the reactions of elimination of polymers during prolonged stay in the oral cavity, and the development of criteria for the biocompatibility of thermoplastic materials remain relevant today.

Участники стадии предварительного расследования с неопределенным процессуальным статусом

Introduction. Section II of the CPC of the RF “Participants of criminal proceedings” does not contain a complete list of persons involved in criminal proceedings. The analysis of the norms of criminal procedural legislation and law enforcement practice indicates a rather extensive list of persons actually involved in criminal proceedings, but their procedural status is not clearly defined. In this regard, this article is devoted to the issue of procedural consolidation of the general status of participants of the preliminary investigation stage. The purpose of the research is to propose amendments to the current criminal procedural legislation related to the introduction of a norm regulating the rights and obligations of all persons involved in criminal proceedings at the stage of preliminary investigation, but not specified in Section II of the CPC of the RF. Methods. In order to comprehensively analyse the issues related to the procedural status of persons whose legal status is not fixed in the criminal procedural legislation, general scientific methods were used: formal-logical, generalisation, analysis, description, and the legal-technical as a private-scientific method made it possible to propose changes in the legislation. Results. The author concluded that the participants of criminal proceedings, who do not have a procedural status regulated by law, have equivalent procedural opportunities. This allowed to suggest fixing a norm regulating the rights and obligations of all participants of the stage of preliminary investigation in the CPC RF.

Structural analysis of cattle enterprises in Kayapinar district of Diyarbakır province

This research was conducted in person in Diyarbakir province, Kayapınar district, by means of a questionnaire with a total of 120 people engaged in cattle breeding in 21 settlements. The questionnaire addresses the existence of cattle farms, the general structural status of cattle farms, information provided by owners, feed supply and feeding practices, animal health and treatment practices, reproduction and artificial insemination practices, production and marketing of animal products on farms, housing status and support utilization status. It has been shown that the farms are small farms and 92% of the farms have closed barns. The fact that the majority of farm owners are between 40 and 61 years old can be seen as a danger signal for livestock. It was found that there is no cooperative in the villages except Cumhuriyet district, which brings the problem of marketing raw milk and dairy products. In the study area, it it has been observed that activities such as animal care feeding, estrus monitoring and application, and automation in animal husbandry are insufficient. For sustainable animal production, relevant public institutions and organizations need to work more intensively and carry out training, monitoring and evaluation activities to increase productivity per animal in enterprises, to train operators on herd management, care and feeding and animal health, and to meet expectations by solving problems in enterprises. This research provides us with important data about the general structure of cattle breeding in Kayapınar district of Diyarbakır province.

Well-being fluctuations and injuries during an entire season in male professional soccer players: an observational study

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe and relate the well-being perception and injury incidence of soccer players in an entire soccer season. For 37 weeks, twenty-eight male professional soccer players (25.2 ± 4.3 years old; 22.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2) daily scored (from 1: bad; to 5: perfect) well-being perception (fatigue, sleep, muscle soreness, stress and mood and Hooper Index (HI) as general status). Injuries were also registered. Results showed that players had the lowest well-being perception during Preseason (in terms of HI, fatigue, muscle soreness and stress), being lower than EarlySeason (ps < 0.05, ds > 1.0) and/or InSeason (ps < 0.05, ds > 1.0). The injury incidence was 8.3 ± 9.2/1000 h, being always higher in training compared to competition (35.0 vs 11.1/1000 h). A lower stress perception (worse) correlated with a higher rate of new injuries during PreSeason (r = -0.84), while a greater muscle soreness and fatigue correlated with the new injuries occurring in the following week during the whole season (r = -0.38 and r = -0.39, respectively). As a conclusion, the well-being perception of professional soccer players was especially low during Preseason, with fatigue, muscle soreness and stress as the most affected items that correlated with injury incidence.

Chinmedomics strategy for elucidating the effects and effective constituents of Danggui Buxue Decoction in treating blood deficiency syndrome.

Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) is a clinically proven, effective, classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for treating blood deficiency syndrome (BDS). However, its effects and effective constituents in the treatment of BDS remain unclear, limiting precise clinical therapy and quality control. This study aimed to accurately evaluate the effects of DBD and identify its effective constituents and quality markers. BDS was induced in rats by a combined injection of acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide, and the efficacy of DBD against BDS was evaluated based on body weight, body temperature, energy metabolism, general status, visceral indices, histopathology, biochemical markers, and metabolomics. The effects of DBD on urinary and serum biomarkers of BDS were investigated, and the associated metabolic pathways were analyzed via metabolomics. Guided by Chinmedomics, the effective constituents and quality markers of DBD were identified by analyzing the dynamic links between metabolic biomarkers and effective constituents in vivo. DBD improved energy metabolism, restored peripheral blood and serum biochemical indices, and meliorated tissue damage in rats with BDS. Correlation analyses between biochemical indices and biomarkers showed that 15(S)-HPETE, LTB4, and taurine were core biomakers and that arachidonic acid, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism were core metabolic pathways regulated by DBD. Calycosin-7-glucoside, coumarin, ferulic acid sulfate, cycloastragenol, (Z)-ligustilide + O, astragaloside IV, acetylastragaloside I, and linoleic acid were identified as effective constituents improving the hematopoietic function of the rats in the BDS model. Additionally, calycosin-7-glucoside, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and astragaloside IV were identified as quality markers of DBD. The hematopoietic function of DBD was confirmed through analysis of energy metabolism, biochemical markers, histopathology, and metabolomics. Moreover, by elucidating effective constituents of DBD in BDS treatment, quality markers were confirmed using a Chinmedomics strategy. These results strengthen the quality management of DBD and will facilitate drug innovation.

A Case of Forgotten Poisoning in a Patient Presenting with Speech Disorder

Anticholinergic poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning in the emergency department. Beautiful hawthorn (atropa belladonna), which is found in our country, is one of the plants that can cause anticholinergic syndrome. It is important in the differential diagnosis in cases progressing with general status disorder and loss of consciousness and psychotic findings. The onset of anticholinergic intoxication varies depending on the toxin and occurs within one to two hours following oral ingestion. The diagnosis of anticholinergic poisoning is based on clinical findings. Anticholinergic poisoning is easily diagnosed when a history of exposure to an anticholinergic substance is obtained and the patient shows altered mental status, delirium or hallucinations. However, in cases with no history and unknown exposure, the diagnosis of anticholinergic intoxication is considered when clinical signs and symptoms caused by mental status disorder and anticholinergic effects are detected on physical examination. &#x0D; A 75-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of slurred speech, altered consciousness and facial shifting that started about 2 hours ago. On physical examination, the patient was incoopere and disoriented, GCS:12 eyes were spontaneously open, obeying orders but making unintelligible sounds, nuchal rigidity was suspiciously positive, bilateral babinski reflex was positive. On admission vital signs were blood pressure 144/72 mmHg, pulse 98/min, temperature 37 °C, SO2 94%, fingerstick blood glucose 104 mg/dl and ECG was in normal sinus rhythm. There were no acute pathologic findings on both brain CT and brain MR imaging. In the control physical examination, both pupils were mydriatic, IR -/- and the patient had dry mouth. According to the anamnesis obtained from another relative of the patient, it was learned that they ate spinach in the evening and speech disorder started afterwards. The patient was diagnosed with anticholinergic intoxication considering that the spinach eaten by the patient with clinical findings might have been mixed with the beautiful hawthorn weed.&#x0D; In this case report, we aimed to emphasize the importance of detailing the anamnesis and the necessity of a complete systemic examination in patients presenting with confusion and speech disorder.