ВЫБОР МАТЕРИАЛА ПРИ ОКАЗАНИИ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ЧАСТИЧНЫМ И ПОЛНЫМ ОТСУТСТВИЕМ ЗУБОВ (обзор литературы)

Abstract

Orthopedic treatment is extremely difficult for diseases of the oral mucosa, such as chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, leukoplakia, lichen planus, etc. Domestic scientists have long recognized the need for a differentiated approach to the selection of material for the manufacture of dentures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s dental and general somatic status, and microflora of the oral cavity. The choice of material is carried out taking into account not only its physicochemical characteristics, but also the biological effect on the oral mucosa. Purpose of the work: to identify new scientific data by analyzing systematic reviews that reveal the etiological aspects and pathogenesis of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years was conducted, which analyzed dissertations and articles published only in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Acrylic resins remain the most common structural material in partial and complete removable prosthetics. But such negative properties of acrylic orthopedic structures, such as residual monomer and microporosity, often lead to an increase in the number of allergic reactions in patients, the occurrence of microcracks in the prosthesis and other negative consequences. An alternative to removable dentures made of acrylic plastics are fairly widely used orthopedic structures made of thermoplastic materials, which in their chemical structure do not have the main negative properties inherent in acrylic plastics, and in terms of strength indicators are several times higher than acrylic ones. Depending on the specific clinical situation, the type of base material from thermoplastic masses for prosthetics for patients is selected. The chemical composition and choice of such materials is quite large. The issues of studying the mechanisms of tissue stress, the reactions of elimination of polymers during prolonged stay in the oral cavity, and the development of criteria for the biocompatibility of thermoplastic materials remain relevant today.