General Search Terms Research Articles

Patient Repositioning during Hospitalization and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers: a Narrative Review.

This article presents a literature review to explore and analyze the current situation of pressure ulcers or lesions or decubitus ulcers, pathophysiological, epidemiological aspects, and risk factors. The progress in evidence of the effectiveness of preventive repositioning in the appearance of these lesions in vulnerable hospitalized patients is also evaluated. Databases were reviewed in non-systematic manner, including the Cochrane Wounds Specialized Register; Medline, Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE (Ovid); EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, SciELO, and Lilacs. The general search terms included [pressure ulcers or pressure lesions or decubitus ulcers] and [prevention or preventive] and [repositioning or positioning or position changes or postural change] and [patient at risk or vulnerable] and [hospitalized or ICU or intensive care]. Systematic literature reviews, randomized clinical trials, observational studies, cost-effectiveness and qualitative studies in English or Spanish were included. Although globally, the incidence, prevalence, and years of disability associated to these lesions has diminished between 1990 and 2019, the high impact on health persists. Evidence found on the effectiveness of repositioning in preventing pressure ulcers and health associated costs has been evaluated with certainty between low and very low, as a result of conducting research with serious methodological limitations that report results with high inaccuracy. The findings reported present that these lesions persist at hospital level and continue being a global social and health problem with high impact on health budgets. Likewise, there is a need to develop greater quality research on prevention strategies, such as repositioning, which validate their effectiveness, and justify their use.

The Study of Exposure to Isophorone and the Risk of Getting Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

Background: This protocol recommends ways to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between isophorone exposure and cancer risk. Methods: This study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies will include observational research examining the association between isophorone exposure and cancer outcomes. General search terms will be used to search databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will screen articles, extract data, and assess study quality and risk of bias. Data synthesis and analysis will include meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and assessment of publication bias. Results: The systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive assessment of the association between isophorone exposure and cancer risk. Data from multiple studies will be pooled to achieve an overall estimate of the association, considering sources of heterogeneity and evaluating the quality of included studies. Publication bias will also be assessed. The findings will contribute to our understanding of the potential health effects of isophorone exposure and inform future research and decision-making. Conclusion: This protocol outlines a systematic and transparent approach to assessing the association between isophorone exposure and the risk of cancer. This study will provide insights into the potential health implications of isophorone exposure, preventive measures, and regulatory decisions. By following established guidelines and employing methodology, this study will provide an evidence-based assessment of the available literature, advancing our understanding of the association between isophorone exposure and cancer risk.

Analyzing the Quality and Readability of Online Hyaluronic Acid Knee Injection Resources.

We analyzed the quality of information about Hyaluronic acid (HA) knee injections for osteoarthritis using DISCERN, a tool that grades the quality of websites. We also analyzed readability with Flesch-Kincaid grade reading levels (FKGRL). Lists of the top ten included sites from Google searches about HA injections were evaluated using DISCERN to determine their quality. Additional variables collected were site category, Health on Net (HON) certification, search result rank, and FKGRL. DISCERN scores were compared and grouped by these variables. Most sites were measured as fair in quality. Greater DISCERN scores were produced from searches using general terminology, sites with HON labels, and academic journal publications. This study indicates information quality for HA injections online is fair. The data also indicates that patients can best educate themselves using HON labels, general search terms, and information from academic journals when possible.

Fatigue failure of NiTi endodontic files: scoping review

Introduction: Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) endodontic files are made of hyperelastic material with shape memory. However, these files suffer a sudden fracture during the endodontic treatment, which is considered an unfavorable prognosis. Many studies have been conducted to establish fatigue resistance focused on file brands and determine which is better. Although the most common failure mechanisms have been established for motorized endodontic files, the information is scattered, making it difficult to develop clear research trends. Methods: a scoping review was carried out using Scopus, Dimensions.ai, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases to answer screening questions related to the predominant fracture mechanism in NiTi files, test types, and equipment used for experimentation and to identify the most active authors.Results: using the general search terms, 432 research papers were found, of which 75 were finally selected after eliminating duplicates and applying exclusion criteria. Conclusions: typical failure mechanisms for rotatory and reciprocating files were identified based on the panoramic review and bibliometric indicators. Also, the standard mechanical tests for endodontic files and the characteristics of their assemblies were summarized. The most active authors in the area and their nationality were tagged. Finally, gaps for future research are proposed to generate a comprehensive knowledge of NiTi file failure.

Tackling healthcare inequities through a social media-based platform to connect solid tumor patients with COVID-19 to clinical trials.

e18560 Background: COVID-19 has contributed to healthcare inequity amongst minorities and lower socioeconomic populations, while complicating present anti-cancer treatment regimens. Due to their immunocompromised status, cancer patients are at an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. While sentiment analysis via SM has seen vast growth among healthcare professional, deeper connection and management has been lacking. Given the higher usage of SM impressions and the increase in healthcare disparities especially at the intersection of oncology and COVID-19, the aim of this study was to develop a platform that can: (1) show that the relationships highlighted within these tweets can be realized in biomolecular interactions—specifically within the interaction between solid tumors and COVID-19; (2) use SM data to connect patients with clinical trials. Methods: To determine this relationship, ontologies, which are groupings of terms and related identifiers, such as genes, were created for general search terms, utilizing the Human Phenotype Ontology. They were then combined with “COVID-19” and used as search terms in Twitter’s Standard Search tool. The keywords with the most matches were then queried through clinicaltrials.gov and European Bioinformatics Institute’s (EBI) Protein Search Tool to find relevant clinical trials and proteins. Finally, the proteins found by the EBI protein search were run through the SwissModel Tool to find relevant protein structures before being used in binding using Polar+’s Binding Platform from Iff Technologies, which provides K values related to 50% inhibition for each medication or immunotherapy. This produced a set of disease-specific keywords that are related to top tweets, clinical trials, protein structures, and binding concentration values in relevant biomolecular pathways for the keyword set “Tumor COVID-19”. Results: The example shown in Table is produced via our platform, with keywords with tweet numbers greater than 95% of all tweets with connected keywords used. Conclusions: By utilizing SM with highly relevant keywords, this platform can combat healthcare inequity by connecting patients and their tweets to clinical trials and enhance literacy about their medical conditions, while providing a greater understanding of the biomolecular pathways involved.[Table: see text]

Efficacy of interventions to manage sexual dysfunction in women with cancer: a systematic review.

Cancer and its treatment negatively affect female sexual health and function. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction after cancer is between 33% and 43%. Numerous studies have addressed treatment options for sexual dysfunction in women with cancer, but it still remains a challenge to select the most efficacious option for patients. To compile and appraise recent evidence of any interventions for managing sexual dysfunction in female cancer survivors. A literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (January 2011 to February 2021) was conducted using general search terms of "women", "cancer", "intervention", "sexual dysfunction". We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled before-after studies that evaluated the efficacy of intervention for female sexual dysfunction in women with history of cancer. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 for RCTs and National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment tools for uncontrolled before-after studies. Thirty-six studies were included for qualitative synthesis (14 RCTs (n = 1284), 17 uncontrolled trials (n = 589), and 5 cohort studies (n = 497). Only four studies were at low risk of bias. Topical interventions (vaginal gels or creams) were able to alleviate vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, with intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6.5 mg) gel showing evidence of improved sexual function. Evidence for estriol-lactobacilli vaginal tablets was unreliable due to a small-scale study. Psychoeducational therapy (internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) studies typically were at high risk of bias, but all displayed significant improvements of sexual function. Both laser therapy (fractional CO2 and erbium) and multimodal approach studies were at concerning risk of bias, although suggesting beneficial effects on sexual function. The most reliable evidence for improvement was from a study of DHEA vaginal gel, but in general, gels or creams were useful in reducing dyspareunia. Pharmacological, psychoeducational, laser therapy, and multimodal approaches demonstrated potential in managing cancer-related sexual issues, but most were small in size (10-70 participants), with moderate to high risk of bias. Therefore, large-scale, double-blind, RCTs with long-period follow-up, and at low risk of bias are needed to show efficacy for these interventions.

Clinical and radiographic features of facial cosmetic materials: A systematic review.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to systematically screen the literature for studies reporting cosmetic material in the oral and maxillofacial complex to shed light on the types of cosmetic materials, their radiographic appearance, and possible complications.Materials and MethodsFive electronic databases were reviewed for eligible studies. The general search terms were “cosmetic,” “filler,” “face,” and “radiograph.” Demographics, material types, clinical and radiographic presentation, and complications were recorded.ResultsThirty-one studies with 53 cases met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 52.6±15.4 years with a 4 : 3 female-to-male ratio. The most common material was calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa) (n=14, 26.4%), found incidentally. The materials were generally located within the upper cheek and zygoma (n=35, 66.0%), radiographically well-defined (n=44, 83%), and had no effects on the surrounding structures (n=27, 50.9%). The internal structure was radiopaque (calcification, hyperdensity) for gold wires, CaHa, bone implants, and secondary calcification or ossification. Outdated cosmetic materials or non-conservative techniques were infiltrative, had effects on the surrounding structures, and presented with clinical signs, symptoms, or complications.ConclusionConventional radiography, cone-beam computed tomography, and multi-detector computed tomography are useful to differentiate several cosmetic materials. Their magnetic resonance imaging appearance was highly variable. The infrequent inclusion of cosmetic materials in the differential diagnosis implies that medical and dental specialists may be unfamiliar with the radiographic appearance of these materials in the face.

Social Media Validation for Pre-Screened Ontologies As a Driver for Biomolecular Interaction Significance in COVID-19 and Hematological Malignancies

With the rise of social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic, impressions from online content can affect behavioral changes resulting in exacerbating disparities in care. Thus, there exists a need to utilize social media platforms, like Twitter, to help augment preparedness, especially at the intersection between oncology and COVID-19, where tweets could help hint at potential biomolecular interactions.To address this, a study was developed to assess relationship and ontologies on the interaction between hematological malignancies and COVID-19 on Twitter. Ontologies are groupings of terms and related identifiers, such as genes, for general search terms, such as “Blood Cancer”, were found utilizing the Human Phenotype Ontology. These were combined with the term “COVID-19” and used as search terms for Twitter's Standard Search API. The resulting tweets were cross-checked to assess if they included any of the other terms or genes related to the starting ontologies to then determine how many terms or genes each tweet was associated with. Once the most associated tweets to the ontologies were found, the genes related to those ontologies were utilized to find biological structures within the AlphaFold EMBL database, before being used in binding using HEX Docking software's shape based binding tool in 3D. Finally, Root Mean Square (RMS) Deviations were performed between the top 2000 conformations for each bound structure to determine if the binding was statistically significant.Results showed strong clustering of top tweets around keyword combinations. In the case of the starting entry, “Blood COVID-19”, the ontologies that were found were linked to 45 terms that each had 100 or more tweets linked to them (Figure 1a). One such term of significance was Acute Myeloid Leukemia, which was linked to the gene BRCA1. The biological significance of the molecular interaction between BRCA1 and SARS CoV-2 was determined using the predicted protein structure from the AlphaFold-EMBL database for BRCA1 and the RCSB Protein Bank structure for the SARS CoV-2 spike (PDB# 6VSB), which can be found in Figure 1b. This interaction was found to be significant based on the average RMS Deviation of 82.97 Angstroms that ranged across the top 2000 conformation. Each model had an average RMS of 85.05 Angstroms between BRCA1 and the COVID-19 spike, with binding occurring on the spike's carbohydrate recognition domain within its S1 segment that is typically used for cell entry. Thus, human phenotype ontology was effective in classifying tweets to specific biomolecular interactions.Therefore, this approach could be utilized to proactively influence treatment designs for blood cancer patients infected with COVID-19, as well as in other areas where medical illnesses are already well defined by ontologies or other literature data. Forward looking, future studies will help to ensure that terms that are not well characterized by ontologies can still be utilized in this type of analysis by employing de novo ontology production methods. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Annual trends in Google searches provides insights related to rhinosinusitis exacerbations

PurposeTemporal trends of disease-specific internet searches may provide novel insights into seasonal dynamics of disease burden and, by extension, disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to define the temporal trends in rhinosinusitis-specific internet searches.MethodsThis was a cross sectional analysis of search volume for predefined search terms. Google trends was used to explore the volume of searches for five specific search terms related to rhinosinusitis: nose, mucus, sinus, sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, which were entered into Google web search between 2004 and 2019. Results were analyzed within search “context” which included temporally associated related searches. Relative search volume (RSV) was analyzed for English and non-English speaking countries from the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Analysis of seasonality was performed using the cosinor model.ResultsThe five specific search terms were most related to rhinosinusitis-related search contexts, indicating that they were appropriately reflective of internet queries by patients for rhinosinusitis. The RSV for rhinosinusitis-related terms and more general search terms increased with each passing year indicating constant interest in rhinosinusitis. Cosinor time series analysis revealed inquiry peaks in winter months for all five specific rhinosinusitis-related search terms independent from the hemisphere.ConclusionOver a 15-year period, Google searches with rhinosinusitis-specific search terms consistently peaked during the winter around the world. These findings indirectly support the model of viral infection or exposure as the predominant cause of acute rhinosinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis.

The quality, suitability, content and readability of online health-related information regarding sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery.

Patients are not well informed about sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery and often turn to the Internet for information. The purpose of this study was to assess online information for patients on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. An online search of Google, Yahoo and Bing was performed using specific (e.g., rectal cancer surgery and vaginal pain) and general (e.g., rectal cancer surgery and sex) search terms. Inclusion criteria were websites in English, designed for patients, and including content regarding sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. Websites were assessed for readability (nine standardized tests), quality (DISCERN tool), suitability (Suitability Assessment of Materials tool), and content. Of 5040 websites identified, 99 unique websites met inclusion criteria. Three (3%) websites fulfilled the American Medical Association recommendation of a 6th-grade reading level. Using the DISCERN instrument, two (2%) websites were assigned good/excellent quality, nineteen (19%) referenced their sources of information, and thirty-one (31%) fully discussed the impact of sexual dysfunction on quality of life. Using the SAM instrument, three (3%) websites were classified as highly suitable for rectal cancer patients, sixty-five (66%) were adequate, and thirty-one (31%) were inadequate. With regards to content, nine (9%) websites fully discussed the impact of sexual dysfunction on patients partners and fifty-one (52%) websites did not cover prognosis. Online health information available to patients on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery is suboptimal. Websites are not suitable, lack important content, and are written at too complex a reading level for patients.

Velamentous cord insertion: results from a rapid review of incidence, risk factors, adverse outcomes and screening

BackgroundVelamentous cord insertion (VCI) is an umbilical cord attachment to the membranes surrounding the placenta instead of the central mass. VCI is strongly associated with vasa praevia (VP), where umbilical vessels lie in close proximity to the internal cervical os. VP leaves the vessels vulnerable to rupture, which can lead to fatal fetal exsanguination. Screening for VP using second-trimester transabdominal sonography (TAS) to detect VCI has been proposed. We conducted a rapid review investigating the quality, quantity and direction of evidence available on the epidemiology, screening test accuracy and post-screening management pathways for VCI.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 5 July 2016 and again on 11 October 2019, using general search terms for VP and VCI. Only peer-reviewed articles reporting on the epidemiology of VCI, the accuracy of the screening test and/or downstream management pathways for VCI pregnancies were included. Quality and risk of bias of each included study were assessed using pre-specified tools.ResultsForty-one relevant publications were identified; all but one were based on non-UK pregnancy cohorts, and most included relatively few VCI cases. The estimated incidence of VCI was 0.4–11% in singleton pregnancies, with higher incidence in twin pregnancies (1.6–40%). VCI incidence was also increased among pregnancies with one or more other risk factors, including in vitro fertilisation pregnancies or nulliparity. VCI incidence among women without any known risk factors was unclear.VCI was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, most notably pre-term birth and emergency caesarean section in singleton pregnancies, and perinatal mortality in twins; however, associations varied across studies and the increased risk was typically low or moderate compared with pregnancies without VCI.In studies on limited numbers of cases, screening for VCI using TAS had good overall accuracy, driven by high specificity. No studies on post-screening management of VCI were identified.ConclusionsLiterature on VCI epidemiology and outcomes is limited and low-quality. The accuracy of second-trimester TAS and the benefits and harms of screening cannot be determined without prospective studies in large cohorts. Modelling studies may indicate the feasibility and value of studying the epidemiology of VCI and the potential impact of detecting VCI as part of a population screening programme for VP.

Prealbumin: The clinical utility and analytical methodologies.

Prealbumin is a small protein which has been widely evaluated as a nutritional and a prognostic marker. The small size and concentration of prealbumin in blood proposes challenges on measuring it with high sensitivity and specificity. Over the years, a number of analytical methodologies have been developed, which may help establish prealbumin as a useful biomarker in routine clinical practice. The aim of the short review was to explore the current literature on the clinical utility of prealbumin and the advances made in the analytical methodologies of prealbumin. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for articles published between January 1980 and July 2019, with the general search terms of 'prealbumin', 'prognostic marker', 'nutritional marker', 'analytical methodologies' and 'malnutrition'. Additionally, we selected relevant articles and comprehensive overviews from reference lists of identified studies. The routine use of prealbumin in clinical practice remains debatable; however; it can complement clinical history, anthropometric assessment and physical examination to assess malnutrition with more certainty. Consensus on the clinical applications of prealbumin in the management of malnutrition is warranted.

Threshold Escalation in Product Lineups

Consumers often try to visually identify a previously encountered product among a sequence of similar items, guided only by their memory and a few general search terms. What determines their success at correctly identifying the target product in such “product lineups”? The current research finds that the longer consumers search sequentially, the more conservative and—ironically—inaccurate judges they become. Consequently, the more consumers search, the more likely they are to erroneously reject the correct target when it finally appears in the lineup. This happens because each time consumers evaluate a similar item in the lineup, and determine that it is not the option for which they have been looking, they draw an implicit inference that the correct target should feel more familiar than the similar items rejected up to that point. This causes the subjective feeling of familiarity consumers expect to experience with the true target to progressively escalate, making them more conservative but also less accurate judges. The findings have practical implications for consumers and marketers, and make theoretical contributions to research on inference-making, online search, and product recognition.

Investigating Google's suicide-prevention efforts in celebrity suicides using agent-based testing: A cross-national study in four European countries.

Google can act as a "gatekeeper" for individuals who seek suicide-related information online (e.g., "how to kill oneself"). The search engine displays a "suicide-prevention result" (SPR) at the very top of some suicide-related search results. This SPR comes as an info box and contains supposedly helpful crisis help information such as references to a telephone counseling service. It remains unknown, however, how Google has implemented the SPR in the especially dangerous context of celebrity suicide for which imitational copycat suicides in vulnerable individuals are most likely. Relying on agent-based testing, a computational social science method, we emulated a total of 137,937 Google searches in April 2019, using both general suicide-related and specific celebrity suicide-related search terms. Given the recently discovered language-based differences in SPR display rates, we held the language constant and focused on German-speaking populations in four European countries. The SPR was never shown in searches for celebrities who died by suicide in all four countries. Furthermore, analyses indicated a digital divide in access to suicide-prevention information with moderately high SPR display rates in Germany and Switzerland, yet with no display in Austria and Belgium. Higher SPR display rates could support global suicide-prevention efforts at virtually no cost by providing preventive information to vulnerable users precisely at the moment when it is apparently needed.

Product Lineups: The More You Search, The Less You Find

Abstract Consumers often try to visually identify a previously encountered product among a sequence of similar items, guided only by their memory and a few general search terms. What determines their success at correctly identifying the target product in such “product lineups”? The current research finds that the longer consumers search sequentially, the more conservative and—ironically—inaccurate judges they become. Consequently, the more consumers search, the more likely they are to erroneously reject the correct target when it finally appears in the lineup. This happens because each time consumers evaluate a similar item in the lineup, and determine that it is not the option for which they have been looking, they draw an implicit inference that the correct target should feel more familiar than the similar items rejected up to that point. This causes the subjective feeling of familiarity consumers expect to experience with the true target to progressively escalate, making them more conservative but also less accurate judges. The findings have practical implications for consumers and marketers, and make theoretical contributions to research on inference-making, online search, and product recognition.

Inpatient Antibiotic Stewardship Interventions in the Adult Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population: A Review of the Literature

Objective: To review the use of antibiotic stewardship interventions in the adult oncology and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) populations. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed was performed from inception to October 31, 2019. The general search terms used were oncology, cancer, hematologic malignancy, antimicrobial stewardship, antibiotic stewardship, febrile neutropenia, neutropenic fever, de-escalation, discontinuation, prophylaxis, practice guidelines, clinical pathway, rapid diagnostics, Filmarray, Verigene, MALDI-TOF, antibiotic allergy, and antimicrobial resistance. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies describing interventions supported by the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on "Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program" were included. Data Synthesis: Antibiotic stewardship publications in the oncology population have increased in recent years. Studies have described the impact of stewardship interventions, including preauthorization, prospective audit and feedback, implementation of clinical pathways, de-escalation of empirical antibiotics for febrile neutropenia (FN) prior to neutrophil recovery, allergy assessments, and use of rapid diagnostic testing. Many of these interventions have been shown to decrease antibiotic use without increased negative consequences, such as affecting length of stay or mortality. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review synthesizes available evidence for implementing antibiotic stewardship interventions, particularly de-escalation of antibiotics for FN and implementation of clinical pathways for FN and sepsis, in oncology patients and HCT recipients. Summary tables highlight studies and specific research needs for clinicians. Conclusions: Immunocompromised populations, including oncology patients, have often been excluded from stewardship studies. Antibiotic stewardship is effective in reducing antibiotic consumption and improving outcomes in this patient population, although more quality data are needed.

The internet bias toward nontraditional first line prostate cancer treatments.

e16594 Background: Despite relegation to relapsed localized disease per National Comprehensive Cancer Guidelines, we have noticed upticks in cryotherapy and High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as initial therapy for prostate cancer in Orlando. We believe internet advertisements play a role in this. When directly questioned, patients confirm our belief. We conducted internet searches to analyze the information available to patients. Methods: Utilizing common search engines, Google and Bing, searches were conducted using the terms “cryotherapy prostate cancer” and “HIFU”. The first three pages of general results and sponsored results were broken into categories. The categories include verified information (VI) properly describing the therapies and their indications, advertisement for traditional care (TC) centers, centers that promote nontraditional care (NTC), or information that is unclassifiable/ misleading (other). A final search was done for “alternative prostate cancer treatments”. The results that mentioned HIFU or cryotherapy were counted manually. Results: Cryotherapy Google general search In total, unverified information or advertisements for centers practicing outside of traditional norms were represented in: General search combined: 26/82: 32% Sponsored searches: 54/75: 73% The general search term “alternative prostate cancer” search including HIFU or Cryotherapy General Search: 3/55 (0.05%) Sponsored Search: 8/39 (21%). Conclusions: Using general search terms, it seems that there is a wealth of information that can influence a patient’s decision making on prostate cancer treatment. While there is more information promoting HIFU/ cryotherapy on sponsored searches, general searches have potential for misunderstanding and abuse in nearly a third of cases.[Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

Developing a systematic search strategy related to people with disability: A brief report testing the utility of proposed disability search terms in a search about opioid use

BackgroundThe varied use of the term “disability” in the scientific literature makes it challenging to conduct systematic reviews of health issues among people with disability. Utilizing general disability search terms has been suggested as an efficient way to ensure a broad capture of the literature related to disability. ObjectivesThis study evaluates the utility of general disability terms versus condition-specific terms, in the context of systematically searching for articles related to disability and other conditions or issues, in this case, opioid use. MethodsSystematic searches were conducted using three databases. An initial search of articles mentioning opioids and disability was conducted employing the general search terms recommended by Walsh et al.1 The results were then compared to 16 condition-specific searches. The proportion of unique articles from each condition-specific search that overlapped with the general search was assessed. ResultsThere was very little overlap between the articles captured using condition-specific search terms and the articles captured utilizing the general search terms. The highest amount of overlap was for spinal muscular atrophy at 33.3%, with the overall median proportion of overlap being 13.4% (mean = 15.7%; SD = 11.7%). ConclusionsWith a systematic search for articles about disability associated with opioid use as an example, condition-specific search terms capture a large proportion of articles not identified using general disability search terms. Disability researchers should be aware of pitfalls using general terminology and the importance of using disability-specific search terms.

Quality Improvement in Gastroenterology: A Systematic Review of Practical Interventions for Clinicians.

Quality improvement (QI) identifies practical methods to improve patient care; however, it is not always widely known which QI methods are successful. We sought to create a primer of QI in gastroenterology for the practicing clinician. We performed a systematic review of QI literature in gastroenterology. We included search terms for inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis, liver disease, colorectal cancer screening, endoscopy, and gastrointestinal bleeding. We used general search terms for QI as well as specific terms to capture established quality metrics for each GI disease area. We found 33 studies that met our definitions for QI. There were 17 studies of endoscopy including screening colonoscopy, six on liver disease, four on IBD, two on GERD, three on GI bleeding, and one on celiac disease. Education was the most common intervention, although most successful studies combined education with another intervention. Other effective interventions included retraining sessions to reach ADR goals in colonoscopy, nursing protocols to increase HCC screening, and EMR decision support tools to prompt reassessment of PPI therapy. Many studies showed improved compliance to metrics, but few were able to show differences in length of stay, readmissions, or mortality. Our review of quality improvement literature in gastroenterology revealed common themes of successful programs: Education was frequently used but often insufficient, the EMR may be underutilized in guiding decision making, and patient-reported outcomes were infrequently assessed. Further research may be needed to compare QI strategies directly.

Appetitive information seeking behaviour reveals robust daily rhythmicity for Internet-based food-related keyword searches.

There has been an exponential growth of information seeking behaviour (ISB) via Internet-based programs over the past decade. The availability of software that record ISB temporal patterns has provided a valuable opportunity to examine biological rhythms in human behaviour. Internet search repositories, such as Google Trends, permit the analyses of large datasets that can be used to track ISB on a domestic and international scale. We examined daily and seasonal Google Trends search patterns for keywords related to food intake, using the most relevant search terms for the USA, UK, Canada, India and Australia. Daily and seasonal ISB rhythmicity were analysed using CircWave v. 1.4. Daily ISB data revealed a robust and significant sine waveform for general terms (e.g. ‘pizza delivery') and country-specific search terms (e.g. ‘just eat'). The pattern revealed clear evening double-peaks, occurring every day at 19.00 and 02.00. The patterns were consistent across search terms, days of the week and geographical locations, suggesting a common ISB rhythm that is not necessarily culture-dependent. Then, we conducted Cosinor v. 2.4 analyses to examine the daily amplitudes in ISB. The results indicated a non-significant linear increased from Monday to Sunday. Seasonal data did not show consistent significant ISB patterns. It is likely that two different human populations are responsible for the daily ‘early' and ‘late' evening ISB peaks. We propose that the major factor that contributes to the bimodal evening peak is age-dependent (e.g. adolescent, early adulthood versus midlife and mature adulthood) and a minor role for human chronotypes (e.g. late versus early). Overall, we present novel human appetitive behaviour for information seeking of food resources and propose that Internet-based search patterns reflect a biological rhythm of motivation for energy balance.