General-purpose Operating Research Articles

PyTorch Operations Based Approach for Computing Local Binary Patterns

Advances in machine learning frameworks like PyTorch provides users with various machine learning algorithms together with general purpose operations. PyTorch framework provides Numpy like functions and makes it practical to use computational resources for accelerating computations. Also users may define their custom layers or operations for feature extraction algorithms based on the tensor operations. In this paper, Local Binary Patterns (LBP) which is one of the important feature extraction approaches in computer vision were realized using tensor operations of PyTorch framework. The algorithm was written both using Python code with standard libraries and tensor operations of PyTorch in Python. According to experimental measurements which were realized for various batches of images, the algorithm based on tensor operations considerably reduced the computation time and provides significant accelerations over Python implementation with standard libraries.

Speed-spacing dependency on relative speed from the adjacent lane: New insights for car following models

This paper examines the traffic dynamics underlying a recently observed phenomenon, the so called “sympathy of speeds” whereby a high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane seemingly exhibits lower vehicular capacity and lower flow at speeds throughout the congested regime compared to the adjacent general purpose (GP) lanes. Unlike previous studies this paper examines a time-of-day HOV lane. During the non-HOV periods the study lane reverts to a GP lane, thereby providing a control condition for the specific lane and location. This work uses the single vehicle passage (svp) method to group vehicle passages before measuring the traffic state and extends the svp to bin vehicles in the study lane based on the relative speed to the adjacent lane. The extended svp method allows the work to also study the impacts during the non-HOV periods when the study lane serves GP vehicles. This work finds that: (1) during the non-HOV periods the study lane exhibited behavior indistinguishable from the adjacent GP lane. (2) The sympathy of speeds persists throughout the day, even when the study lane serves GP vehicles. (3) The relative speed to the adjacent lane provided a better predictor of behavior than whether or not the HOV restriction is active. In short, the car following behavior that gives rise to the sympathy of speeds is unrelated to the HOV restriction per se, persisting under GP operations as well.This dependency on the relative speed in the adjacent lane is an important finding given the fact that most existing car following models assume that the longitudinal acceleration of a following vehicle is strictly a function of the relationship to the leading vehicle in the same lane. Because drivers in general adopt a larger spacing when faced with a high differential in speed between lanes means that car following behavior also depends on the relative speed to the adjacent lane. This fact has likely gone unnoticed to date because generally the conditions that give rise to a differential in speeds between lanes are usually short lived, and thus, do not become apparent in conventional macroscopic data except under exceptional circumstances that include confounding factors like HOV operations.

PROCEDURES (TECHNIQUES) OF EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN SHAPING THE GENERAL-PURPOSE LEARNING OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS, AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR THESE PROCEDURES (TECHNIQUES)

The paper presented the study of the issue of shaping the general-purpose learning operations (GPLO) in junior school children, and the entity of influence exerted by the educationalist’ guidance on the progress that resulted in awareness of the necessity to elaborate guidance procedures (techniques) for educationalists. The study considered guidance by the educationalist in shaping the general-purpose learning operations from the standpoint of personal involvement and axiological approaches that made it possible to specify it as a multidimension procedure of interaction between teacher and students having on the grounds a scenario, aimed at shaping the general-purpose learning acts/ operations in junior schoolchildren. Operation of the teacher being the agent guiding in the shaping of the general-purpose learning operations in students shall be filled with guidance’ and upbringing’ content, which shall be implemented in cumulative actions and operations in certain sequence, all of them assuming an optimal attainment of results.

Accelerating turbo similarity searching in chemoinformatics on multicore and GPU platforms

The increase in the database size of chemical compound requires a longer time in processing for any searching algorithms [1]. With the focus on an algorithm called Turbo Similarity Searching which have been proven to have good accuracy in retrieving actives [2], we propose that this algorithm be implemented on the widely-used many-cores and multi-cores processors which are easily available at lower cost. This would help medicinal chemist runs virtual screening faster while maintaining the accuracy. The many-cores processors are on-chip processors that could run simultaneously at a clock-cycle. Whilst the multi-cores processors are originally being developed to support graphics processing hence being called Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). However, the usage of GPU is now being generalized to include other general purpose operation [3]. Many works on the parallel field have tried implementing computational algorithms on this unit [4]. Taken into consideration on the compute intensive characteristics of TSS, we investigate the best method to parallelize it for better execution time. TSS is a two-phase algorithm in which its second phase is a compute intensive portion of the algorithm. Hence, if this phase could be accelerated, TSS would run faster and searching through a larger database would not be less a problem. This poster describes our experimental details and results on the matter.

Methods of assessing the time efficiency in the virtual measurement systems

The paper presents the analysis of the time measurement methods in the virtual instrumentation. Problem of the software operations time efficiency assessment is presented. Different methods and functions of the time measurement in the integrated programming environments are discussed. Experiments using the exemplary virtual instrument are conducted to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of particular time measurement methods. Both general purpose and Real-Time operating systems are considered. Experiments cover personal computers, and specialized systems, such as CompactRIO. Conclusions include the analysis of the possible approaches to the time-efficient instrument design and future applications of the presented methods.

Improving three-phase induction motor efficiency in Europe

An overview of the efficiencies of present-day induction motors manufactured in Europe is given. An illustration of the impact of improving induction motor efficiency as a factor in reducing energy consumption in the EU is also given. In addition the 'Hi-motors' (energy efficient induction motors) competition for motor manufacturers is described. The competition was launched on the Internet and with direct mailing activities on 24th June 1997 and the closing date for the opening round of the competition is the 15th August 1998. Manufacturers are invited to send in test reports of prototype(s) or production version(s) of highly energy efficient induction motors. The competition will cover three-phase squirrel cage induction motors for general-purpose continuous operation applications in the range from 0.18 to 110 kW.

Performance evaluation of a parameterized fuzzy processor (PFP)

In the human-based world, the general-purpose and high-speed fuzzy processor which supports more functions and capabilities plays a very important role. A parameterized fuzzy processor (PFP) has been proposed earlier (B.-T. Chen et al., 1993) to demonstrate its structure and applications. In this paper, the general performance of the PFP will be shown in detail by a series of analyzing results. First, fuzzy data presentation adopted in the PFP is evaluated by the proposed criteria and compared with the other presentations. According to the versatile data presentations, the general-purpose operations are evaluated by the computation order and run time. Second, the emphasized characteristics of PFP operations possess the feasibility of parallel and pipelined processing. The designed circuit and execution cycles are confirmed in a simulation environment. Finally, the fuzzy applications extendable by the general-purpose PFP are shown by the solvable operations. Based on the PFP, a processing model for human-based problems is proposed to analyze the fuzzy applications. A practical application is proposed to demonstrate the capability of the PFP.

Context-sensitive transitive closure operators

We introduce a new logical operator CSTC (standing for Context-Sensitive Transitive Closure) and show that incorporating this operator into first-order logic (with successor) enables as to capture the complexity class PSPACE. We also show that by varying how the operator is applied we can capture the complexity classes P, NP, the classes of the Polynomial Hierarchy PH, and PSPACE. As such, the operator CSTC can be regarded as a general purpose operator. We also give applications of these characterizations by showing that P and NP coincide with those problems accepted by two new classes of program schemes (involving arrays), by producing some new complete problems for various complexity classes where the reductions are from first principles and do not use known complete problems (that is, they are generic), and by giving a simple proof that first-order logic incorporated with the least fixed point operator captures P.

A vision system for robotic inspection and manipulation

A model-based approach has been proposed to make object recognition computationally tractable. In this approach, models associated with objects expected to appear in the scene are recorded in the system's knowledge base. The system extracts various features from the input images using robust, low-level, general-purpose operators. Finally, matching is performed between the image-derived features and the scene domain models to recognize objects. Factors affecting the successful design and implementation of model-based vision systems include the ability to derive suitable object models, the nature of image features extracted by the operators, a computationally effective matching approach, knowledge representation schemes, and effective control mechanisms for guiding the systems's overall operation. The vision system they describe uses gray-scale images, which can successfully handle complex scenes with multiple object types. >

Standardization aspects on software for CAD of control systems

During the last decades when computers have risen in their power, a large number of algorithms and program packages have been developed to serve control system analysis and design. These program-packages are often very specific, unflexible, unhandy in their man-machine interfaces or are constructed to meet special requirements of the hardware or the operating system software. On the other hand, especially in the fields of: - programming languages - general purpose operating and real-time control systems - software engineering including tools, libraries and data bases - software containing algorithms for control system analysis and design - simulation languages and graphical software packages - user surfaces and man-machine communication more or less standardizational work has been done. This short paper will glance at the areas mentioned above and perhaps may give some suggestions what can be done further.