General Public Awareness Research Articles

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Different Infant Feeding Types: The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER.

To observe and compare the environmental impacts of different types of infant feeding, considering the use of formula, infant feeding accessories, potentially increased maternal dietary intake during breastfeeding (BF) and food consumption habits. An observational cross-sectional multicentre study conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area of the Catalan Institute of Health. Data were collected from 419 postpartum women on infant feeding type (formula milk and accessories), maternal dietary intake (24-h register) and food consumption habits from November 2022 to April 2023. The environmental impacts (climate change (CC), water consumption and water scarcity) of the infant feeding types and maternal diet were calculated using the IPCC, ReCiPE and AWARE indicators, respectively. The differences in impacts were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant differences for the three environmental impacts were observed. The CC impact of formula milk and feeding accessories was 0.01 kg CO2eq for exclusive BF, 1.55 kg CO2eq for mixed feeding and 4.98 kg CO2eq for formula feeding. While BF mothers consumed an extra 238 kcal, no significant differences were found related to maternal diet across feeding types. Exclusive BF was the most sustainable type of infant feeding, considering formula and infant feeding accessories. In our study, the difference between the impacts of BF and non-BF mothers' diet was insignificant. Offer informative and educational support for midwives and other healthcare professionals on BF and a healthy, sustainable diet to transfer this knowledge to the general public. Raise the general public's awareness about BF and a healthy, sustainable diet. To reduce environmental impacts through behavioural changes. STROBE. Patients of the Catalan Health Service reviewed the content of the data collection tools. (for the whole GREEN MOTHER project): NCT05729581 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).

Insights Into Antimicrobial Resistance From Dental Students in the Asia–Pacific Region

BackgroundDentists, as prominent prescribers, are key stakeholders in addressing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. Dental students’ perceptions about the topic have been underexplored in the Asia–Pacific region, a key location for the development and spread of AMR. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and confidence to prescribe antimicrobials amongst dental students studying in the region. MethodsStudents from 15 dental schools in 4 countries were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey during 2022–2023. A previously validated and standardised 14-item instrument was utilised. ResultsIn all, 1413 responses were collected from Australia (n = 165), Sri Lanka (n = 112), Japan (n = 173), and Vietnam (n = 963). Of those, 201 were from final-year students (14.2%). On a scale from 1 to 10, awareness on AMR was placed at a mean (SEM) priority of 8.09 (0.05). With regards to target areas to address for mitigation of the AMR crisis, participants placed general public awareness at the top (mean [SEM] 8.53 [0.05]). Final-year students presented a mean (SEM) level of confidence to prescribe antibiotics of 6.01 (0.14) on a scale from 1 to 10, whilst 59.7% and 56.8% indicated feeling pressured to prescribe by patients or when lacking time, respectively. Final-year students participating in research activities assigned a higher priority to AMR compared to their peers not involved in research (mean [SEM] 8.6 [0.19] vs 7.81 [0.16]; P = .01). ConclusionsThis study highlights a need for increased awareness and confidence to prescribe amongst dental students in the Asia–Pacific region, an understudied population thus far. To mitigate this issue, the implementation (followed by assessment) of local educational and antibiotic stewardship initiatives is warranted.

The Mediating Effect of Digital Usage Attitude and the Moderated Mediating Effect of Age in the Influence of the General Public's Awareness of Digital Transformation on Digital Transformation Satisfaction

The Mediating Effect of Digital Usage Attitude and the Moderated Mediating Effect of Age in the Influence of the General Public's Awareness of Digital Transformation on Digital Transformation Satisfaction

Knowledge and Attitudes of General Population's Toward Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hail, Saudi Arabia

Background: A chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mainly affects small, symmetrical joints, especially those in the hand, wrist, and foot. However, it can also affect other joints and systems. Joint deformity, persistent pain, and a reduced quality of life are brought on by recurrent assaults. Aim: The objective of the research is to evaluate the general public's awareness and insights regarding rheumatoid arthritis in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Method: The cross-sectional research took place on people in Hail who were at least 18 years old and over. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among Hail population using online platforms primarily social media. The questionnaire includes basic demographic characteristics, types of RA, the causes of RA, the symptoms, the risk factors, complications, treatment of RA and whether they know what RA is or not. Results: 532 people in responded to the questionnaire; of them, 42.5% were female and 50.9% were male. 8.3% had received a diagnosis of RA, and 60.0% correctly associated it with joint pain and morning stiffness. 67.3% believed that RA is not a contagious disease. A significant majority (56.6%) correctly identified that women are more likely to develop RA. Regarding risk factors, 28.0% acknowledged smoking as a significant factor. A notable finding is that 63.7% were uncertain about RA's impact on pregnancy. Knowledge about specific joint involvement varied, with 60.0% correctly associating RA with inflammation in small joints. Conclusion: The results indicate that while some participants demonstrated a correct comprehension of the disease, there were misconceptions, particularly regarding the joint pain characteristic, types of joint involvement and extra-articular manifestations. These results emphasize how crucial it is to set educational initiatives in place to clear up these misunderstandings and raise community understanding about rheumatoid arthritis.

Implications of the eruptive behavior based on volcanic ash emitted during the 2015 activity of the Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador

The glacial-peaked Cotopaxi stratovolcano in Central Ecuador became visibly active in 2015 for a duration of 101 days, when due to hydrothermal event significant amounts of volcanic particles together with gases precipitated in its surrounding. A detailed day-by-day sampling of these ash particles has led to a thorough morphological, mineralogical and geochemical evaluation in order to characterize the origin and the behavior of the volcano. The mostly trachy-andesitic samples lacked of juvenile material. All evaluated particles, minerals and lithics are of sharp, angular to subangular shapes. Discrimination diagrams and geochemical analysis evidenced a negative correlation between silica (SiO2) and sulfur (SO3), particularly on stronger eruptive occasions. The current study may serve for a general public awareness of volcanic behavior, as the results are able to evaluate and characterize the uprising degree of volcanic explosivity and range of associated hazards in this and similar volcanoes worldwide. Therefore, an immediate evaluation of such volcanic material will be able to result in calming the authorities and the public alike, allowing to offer an additional but decisive tool in the vigilance restless volcanoes.

General Public Awareness Toward Vitamin D Deficiency in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Vitamin D, essential for various bodily functions, exists as D2 and D3, synthesized from plant and animal sources. Deficiency, linked to reduced intake, sun exposure, or metabolic disorders, poses health risks like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Management includes fortification, supplements, and individual assessment to avoid toxicity. Our study aimed to assess the public awareness of vitamin D deficiency in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, examining its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, employing convenient non-probability sampling among a population of 375 individuals. Data collection was facilitated through a validated questionnaire, and subsequent coding, data entry, and analysis were executed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Our study included 375 adults in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, revealing varying vitamin D deficiency awareness levels. Most were women (n = 204, 54.4%) residing in urban areas (n = 293, 78.1%). At the same time, 77.6% (n = 291) had prior knowledge of vitamin D and fewer practiced habits conducive to its synthesis, with 47.7% (n = 179) including vitamin D-rich foods and 39.2% (n = 147) exposing themselves to sunlight. Family/friends (n = 99, 26.4%) were the primary information source. Participants scored (n = 183, 48.8%) good or high on vitamin D awareness. Education level (p = 0.028), urban residence (p = 0.001), employment status (p = 0.032), and income (p = 0.001) significantly influenced awareness, and gender, age, and marital status showed no significant associations with vitamin D awareness. Conclusion Our study shows that the majority have prior knowledge of vitamin D, yet significant gaps exist in awareness of vitamin D deficiency among adults in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Education, urban residence, employment, and income were critical determinants of awareness, underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions. There is a need to provide information about vitamin D and its other aspects through various media, such as television and social platforms.

An Exploratory Study of Food Waste in the Hospitality Industry of Pokhara

One-third of the global food production is wasted globally. Food production is a resource intensive process and safe disposal of food wasted requires additional resources. In tourism industry food is just more than fulfillment of basic needs. Food is linked with the experience. Food wastage in hospitality is accepted as a major challenge with multifaced consequences and awareness to address the issue of food waste is also increasing. In the context of developing countries like Nepal the topic is still under-studied. Therefore, this study is focused on owners and managers perspective on food wastage in tourism industry of Pokhara with the objectives of identifying current composition and causes of food waste and established approaches to mitigate it. This study was carried out with key informants’ in-depth interview and on-site observations. Unrealistic expectations, unsustainable consumption patterns, lack of general public awareness and management limitations on wastage controlling were major themes identified by the study. The findings call for quantitative study in mass scale to know the exact situation of the food waste in hospitality industry of Pokhara.

Caffeine-Containing Local Products and Their Effects on Liver and Kidney Histopathology: A Comparative Study

Caffeine has several modified natural and synthetic forms and it is the most abundantly consumed drug around the globe. It is present in fruits, seeds and leaves of many plants but coffee contains highest content of caffeine and is considered its richest source. It is also found in much high ratio in non-alcoholic beverages, i.e., tea and carbonated drinks like coke. The aim of current mammalian model based investigation was to evaluate the possible histopathological variations influencing the function of kidney and liver due to the intake of selective caffeinated products: Arabica and Robusta beans’ blend based coffee and coke. The 30 albino mice of male gender and 1.5 month age were acclimatized for ten days and later on, categorized as group I (control group which was treated with standard mice feed), experimental group II (treated with coffee blend) and experimental group III (treated with coke). The renal and hepatic histological sections were cut and stained for weekly observations. Hematoxyline and eosin staining was used and microscopic observations were recorded at 40X. The ANOVA based statistical analyses showed that significant variations occurred in body weight, diameter of renal blood vessels, glomeruli and of necrotic areas of both experimental groups (p ≤ 5%). Moreover in hepatic tissues, vein wall thickness, diameter of bile ducts and liver lobules also indicated significant variations. The conclusion is excessive and regular intake of above mentioned composition having coffee and coke may result in diverse physiological disturbances and a programmed general public awareness is required regarding their limited intake.

A study of nutraceutical prescription pattern among patients in an out-patient setting at Birat medical college teaching Hospital

The demand for nutraceutical has been increasingly rapidly which can be due to increasing awareness regarding health benefit of nutraceutical product. This study aims to understand the prescription pattern and find out knowledge, attitude of patients regarding nutraceutical product. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Budiganga, Nepal to assess the demographic characteristic as well as level of knowledge and attitude towards nutraceutical product and further total cost patients spent on nutraceutical alone was also assessed. Pearson Chi-square test (x2) was used to investigate the association between demographic variables and patients’ knowledge and attitude towards nutraceuticals. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the cost of nutraceutical among the different outpatient departments. Nearly half of the patients (49.25%) had inadequate knowledge whereas more than half of the patients (67.75%) had moderate positive attitude. The mostly prescribed nutraceuticals were minerals (45%) followed by multivitamins (23%). More than two-third patient believed nutraceutical can be used when person feel tired and rundown. The average amount that a patient spent on nutraceutical product was found out to be NPR. 746.88 per prescription. No significant association was found in the cost of nutraceutical among the various Out Patient Department (OPD) wise. (P=0.281, P>0.05). Moderate positive attitude and inadequate knowledge regarding nutraceutical product among the patient's addresses the need to develop regulation, educational strategy regarding nutraceutical use and further increase general public awareness on rational use of these products.

General public awareness and knowledge of neck maneuvers complications in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aimed to address the increasing popularity of neck manipulations, assessing public knowledge and awareness of complications to emphasize the importance of safe practices. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through social media platforms among 633 adults residing in Saudi Arabia using a well-structured questionnaire. Results: The majority of participants were aged 18-29 years (43.4%), predominantly females (71.6%), and from the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia (85.7%). Nearly half reported engaging in neck massages (46.0%), with self-massage being common (24.9%). Despite widespread participation, 85.1% lacked knowledge of proper techniques, relying on sources like social media (42.6%). Only one third were aware of potential complications (31.7%), with paralysis (64.8%) and neck fractures (61.7%) being recognized more than stroke (5.6%). Neck pain was significantly associated with receiving massages, frequency of massages, and use of home neck massagers. Conclusion: The study highlighted a concerning lack of awareness among the Saudi Arabian public regarding the risks associated with neck maneuvers. Recommendations include targeted public education campaigns, training for healthcare professionals, and longitudinal studies to understand long-term effects. Efforts to promote safer practices and enhance public awareness are crucial in mitigating the burden of complications associated with neck maneuvers.

A Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Thalassemia among the People of Gilgit and Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Thalassemia, an inherited blood ailment with a 5 to 8% frequency in the beta-thalassemia gene, is a significant health issue in Pakistan, regardless of ethnicity. A study was conducted in Gilgat, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan, to assess the general public's awareness of the disease. A systematic questionnaire was created, asking 24 questions on awareness. Only 178 participants answered the questionnaire, indicating low knowledge. Those who correctly answered 13-18 questions had average knowledge, while those who answered more than 18 questions had strong knowledge. Of the 178 participants who had heard the term, 5.4% had a "good" level of awareness, 20.6% had average understanding, and 74% had poor understanding. The study revealed that the general population of Gilgit and Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan, had little understanding of Thalassemia.

Awareness of sun exposure risks and photoprotection for preventing pigmentary disorders in Asian populations: Survey results from three Asian countries and expert panel recommendations.

In this article, we review and discuss the photoprotection behavior of Asians based on the literature, along with a subanalysis of an original online survey, and make recommendations to optimize photoprotection for Asian populations to prevent photoaging and pigmentary disorders. An international panel of eight dermatologists from Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, and Vietnam) met to discuss sunscreen photoprotection for Asian patients. Additionally, a subanalysis of an online survey by 3000 respondents from three Asian countries (China, Indonesia, and Japan) investigated general public awareness and attitudes to sun exposure. A pre-meeting survey of the eight experts from Asia showed key concerns of Asian patients consulting dermatologists are pigmentary disorders, especially actinic/senile lentigo, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, vitiligo, and Hori's nevus. The survey subanalysis of participants from China, Indonesia, and Japan with predominantly Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) II to IV revealed that they are particularly concerned about sun exposure causing photoaging and pigmentary disorders. Most of the respondents indicated they have limited knowledge on sunlight radiation and appropriate sunscreen protection factors. Only 22%, 13%, and 3% for China, Indonesia, and Japan, respectively, systematically use multiple protective measures (using sunscreen, avoiding midday sun, staying in the shade, wearing a hat, protective clothing, and sunglasses) when exposed to the sun. Further education is needed for Asian populations on the importance of comprehensive daily photoprotection, including broad-spectrum sunscreen, with high UVA and visible light protection, to reduce and prevent photoaging and pigmentary disorders.

Exploratory Study for the Development of Road Safety Index on Indian Roads

Road Safety has always been a factor of great concern in India as well as across the world. Road Traffic Accidents have been consistently increasing, and to address this issue, the world's governments declared 2021 to 2030 as the 'Decade of Action' for Road Safety. This rise in accidents can be attributed to the increasing motorization escalation, increasing individual modes of transport, soaring speeds, drinking and driving, increasing transportation network patterns and inefficient enforcement, to name a few. If compendiously scrutinized, the losses due to road traffic incidences are wholly avoidable. A comprehensive study was thus conducted to identify the key aspects which can be attributed to road safety. The six key factors were identified, namely the design of roads, the design of vehicles, the role of the law enforcement agency, the part of the Indian judicial system, the function of the Indian medical system, and general public awareness for developing road safety index. Primary data collection among various population segments identified the relative importance of these factors. The weightage based on the importance of these factors was computed using the Logarithmic Goal Programming Model, and thus, the Road Safety Index was developed.

Let's talk about PFAS: Inconsistent public awareness about PFAS and its sources in the United States.

The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in U.S. drinking water has recently garnered significant attention from the media, federal government, and public health professionals. While concerns for PFAS exposure continue to mount, the general public's awareness and knowledge of the contaminant has remained unknown. This exploratory study sought to fill this data gap by administering a nationwide survey in which the awareness of PFAS and community contamination, awareness of PFAS containing products and intentions to change product use, and awareness and concern about PFAS in drinking water were assessed. The results indicated that almost half the respondents had never heard of PFAS and do not know what it is (45.1%). Additionally, 31.6% responded that they had heard of PFAS but do not know what it is. A large portion of respondents (97.4%) also responded that they did not believe their drinking water had been impacted by PFAS. Demographic association did not influence knowledge of PFAS or levels of concern with PFAS in drinking water. The strongest predictor of PFAS awareness was awareness due to known community exposure. The respondents aware of community exposure were more likely to have knowledge of PFAS sources, change their use of items with potential PFAS contamination, and answer that their drinking water sources were also contaminated with PFAS. Based on the received responses, PFAS information and health risks need to be better communicated to the public to help increase awareness. These efforts should also be coordinated between government agencies, utilities, the research community, and other responsible entities to bolster their effectiveness.

Knowledge, concerns and attitudes towards plastic pollution: An empirical study of public perceptions in Portugal

While the harmful effects of different types of plastic particles have been increasingly reported, studies on public perceptions and behaviors related to plastic pollution may be considered limited. The present study aims to assess the general public's knowledge, awareness, and concern about plastic pollution in different environmental compartments (air, water, and soil) and assess recycling behaviors. For this, a large representative sample was considered (over 1000 participants), composed of members of different genders, levels of education, and age groups. Overall, the results showed that participants were aware of plastic pollution in many environmental compartments, although they reported being more concerned about the marine and land environments than the air. Participants' levels of concern about the plastic problem were influenced by age and level of education, with older participants and those with lower educational levels attributing less importance to recycling as a means of tackling the plastic problem. Women are more likely to adopt plastic alternatives and engage in recycling practices than men. Data allowed the identification of priority sociodemographic characteristics of communities that should be targeted in education and awareness-raising activities.

Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitudes of the Population of Tabuk City Regarding Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The lack of awareness and information about PD may be a barrier to early diagnosis and the delivery of the best care to patients with the condition, given its rising prevalence. In order to determine the variables that are connected to these parameters, this study sought to ascertain the general public's knowledge and awareness of PD in Tabuk City. In Tabuk City, a cross-sectional demographic survey was carried out. A validated structured questionnaire was used to interview adult respondents by random sampling regarding specific knowledge, attitudes, and awareness related to Parkinson's disease. According to the density of the city, a total of 426 members of the general population were chosen at random and interviewed by skilled interviewers. Age and educational attainment were independently linked to PD awareness. Bachelor's degree subjects and those between the ages of 18 and 45 displayed a greater awareness of PD. Those above 60 and those between the ages of 46 and 60 lacked sufficient knowledge. The majority of participants demonstrated adequate understanding and awareness of PD in their respective occupations. Age, gender, occupation, and level of education were all adequately covered by knowledge and understanding of PD. To increase public knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of PD, however, suitable educational tactics and approaches targeting particular subgroups are required.

Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and complications of scrub typhus infection in Nepal: a systematic review.

Scrub typhus (ST) is a neglected tropical disease of serious concern in Nepal. This systematic review aims to describe the burden of disease, clinical presentation, and complications of ST infection in Nepal. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and national databases was conducted for any literature published in English between January 2000 and January 2023. Any type of study design (observational studies, case series, and interventional studies) that reported laboratory-confirmed ST and was conducted in Nepal among patients of all age groups was included. The seroprevalence of ST among acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) cases, geographical distribution, monthly distribution, clinical presentations, complications, and treatment were assessed by the study. A total of 15 studies with 10,977 participants were included in the review. The seroprevalence of ST among the AUFI cases in Nepal was 19.31%. Young people at or below 20 years of age were mostly affected. The maximum number of cases were reported from Bagmati province (59.46%) and in the month of August (26.33%). Fever, headache, cough, shortness of breath, nausea, and abdominal pain were the clinical characteristics in decreasing order of occurrence. The most common complication was acute kidney injury, followed by respiratory problems, cardiac issues, and neurological manifestations. The case fatality rate of ST in Nepal was 2.56%. The authors findings showed a significant burden of ST among AUFI cases in Nepal. Improved surveillance, general public awareness, and early detection post-calamities could help reduce the disease burden and improve patient outcomes.

Evaluation of general public awareness, knowledge and attitude about common rheumatic diseases in Egypt: a multicenter study

BackgroundRheumatic diseases are the diseases of the connective tissue and medical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with pain and/or stiffness as main manifestations, and which may or may not be accompanied by other organ system involvement. Public and patient’s awareness is needed as the number of patients of various forms of arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases is constantly on rise.ObjectiveThe aim of our multicenter study is to evaluate awareness, knowledge, and attitude of general populations regarding common rheumatic diseases in Egypt.Subjects and methodsThis was a multicenter study included 3000 subjects from 4 Egyptian governorates (750 subjects from each): Lower Egypt: Dakahlia and Damietta and Upper Egypt: Sohag and Qena. Entire cases completed the Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude of Egyptian people towards four of the common rheumatic diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Crystal-induced arthritis, and Osteoarthritis): AKARSCO questionnaire that included basic information, general knowledge, and attitude about rheumatic diseases.ResultsThe knowledge and awareness of rheumatic diseases are significantly higher among females. Regarding education level, there is a steady increase in the awareness with the rise of education level, with a highly significant correlation. Non-working and married participants had significantly higher knowledge compared to working and non-married ones. The attitude towards rheumatic diseases is significantly satisfactory among females. Regarding education level, there is a steady increase in the attitude with the rise of education level, with a highly significant correlation. Non-working and married participants had significant satisfactory attitude compared to working and non-married ones. The main sources of information about rheumatic diseases are media and Internet.ConclusionThe overall awareness, knowledge, and attitude of population towards rheumatic diseases are limited in Egypt. The participants’ total score regarding the general knowledge level of rheumatic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, gout, and osteoarthritis is bad. The participants’ overall level regarding the attitude towards rheumatic diseases is unsatisfactory. The level of knowledge and attitude is affected by many factors like sex, work, education, residence, marital status, and family history of rheumatic diseases. The main sources of information about rheumatic diseases are media and Internet.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Chronic Pain Management in the Community Pharmacy Setting: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the General Public's Knowledge and Perceptions.

Patient access to mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a complementary and integrative health approach that is proven to reduce chronic pain, can be increased via community pharmacy-based implementation. However, the general public's awareness and preferences regarding MBSR as a treatment option for chronic pain, including provider roles (pharmacist vs. non-pharmacist), are unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the U.S. general public's knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and programmatic preferences regarding MBSR for chronic pain management, particularly in the community pharmacy setting. A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was distributed to U.S. adults ≥18 years via the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) online survey platform. The survey instrument was informed by Anderson's framework for health service utilization. Measures were assessed using multiple-choice and 5-point Likert-type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Primary outcome measures included: (1) knowledge and awareness of MBSR (12-items); (2) confidence in seeking out MBSR for pain (5-items); (3) barriers to receiving MBSR (11-items); (4) beliefs about MBSR in general (12-items); (5) beliefs about community pharmacy-delivered MBSR (15-items); and (6) preferences for MBSR classes/programs (6-items). Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and influential factors associated with mean beliefs regarding community pharmacy-delivered MBSR for chronic pain management were assessed via multiple linear regression. Of the 302 survey respondents, the majority were white (79.1%) and female (50.7%), with a mean age of 44.65 years. Respondents' self-rated MBSR knowledge (mean [SD] scale score: 2.30 [0.68]) and confidence (2.65 [0.87]) were low, although perceived barriers to access were low overall (2.22 [0.53]). Beliefs regarding the use of MBSR for treatment of chronic pain were positive in general (3.67 [0.71]), but more negative regarding community pharmacy-delivered MBSR (2.38 [0.56]). Confidence in seeking out MBSR (β = 0.297, 95% CI = 0.219 to 0.375; p < 0.001) and current opioid use (β = 0.419, 95% CI = 0.147 to 0.690; p = 0.003) were positively associated with beliefs regarding pharmacy-delivered MBSR, while annual household income (β = -0.124, 95% CI = -0.244 to -0.004; p = 0.043) and level of bodily pain (β = -0.149, 95% CI = -0.291 to -0.008; p = 0.039) exerted statistically significant negative influences. Respondents preferred a hybrid MBSR class format including both online and in-person components (29.7%) as well as both group and individual session options (43.7%). In conclusion, further education is necessary to increase the public's perception of community pharmacies as a resource for complementary and integrative health.

Erratum] 통합놀이터 국내 연구 동향 분석

Objectives This study is to analyze the research trend in Korea on ‘inclusive playground’ that can be used by both&#x0D; disabled and non-disabled people and men and women of all ages.&#x0D; Methods As a research method, a content analysis was conducted on papers registered in KCI and RISS as a literature&#x0D; study. The subject of analysis was searched for ‘inclusive playground’, and a total of 10 articles were identified,&#x0D; and they were analyzed without distinction between academic thesis, presentation thesis, and dissertation.&#x0D; The analysis was based on year, issuing institution, research method and subject.&#x0D; Results As a result of the analysis of results, the study on the inclusive playground started with one in 2015, before&#x0D; the integrated playground was first created, and 2-3 studies were conducted every year from 2017 to 2019&#x0D; after the integrated playground was created in 2016. Since then, papers from 2020-2021 have not appeared, presumably&#x0D; due to the impact of Covid-19. After that, another study will be shown in 2022. As for the type of publication,&#x0D; it was confirmed that there were 6 academic articles, 2 presentation articles, and 2 other articles. A total&#x0D; of 10 studies have been conducted for about 8 years from 2015 to the present, indicating that research on inclusive&#x0D; playgrounds is insufficient. According to the classification of academic journals, there are 5 designs, 2&#x0D; landscapes, 1 housing society, and 2 master’s theses. The research method consisted of two each of literature&#x0D; research, qualitative research, and case study, and four research studies. It was confirmed that it mainly dealt with&#x0D; the equipment and environment of integrated playgrounds. Among the case studies, one study dealt with the actual&#x0D; inclusive playground creation process and the other dealt with the design process of an indoor inclusive&#x0D; playground. As for the research topic, 9 studies dealt with the environmental aspects of design and design and&#x0D; composition, and 1 other study appeared. Looking at the results of analyzing the issuing organization and research&#x0D; topics, most of the studies that analyzed or proposed hardware centered on the environment such as design, design,&#x0D; and composition were conducted.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the results of analyzing domestic ‘inclusive playground’ studies, the following implications&#x0D; are presented. As many designs and design-oriented studies have been shown so far, user-centered field studies&#x0D; and studies on various topics must be conducted. As barrier-free and inclusive playground are used together&#x0D; in the research title, the concept of inclusive playground needs to be re-established. In addition, since the inclusive&#x0D; playgrounds that have already been created are designed mainly for gait and visual impairments, it is found that&#x0D; they do not accommodate various disabilities, so it is hoped that a study analyzing cases will provide guidelines for&#x0D; the creation of inclusive playgrounds in the future. Above all, it turns out that the biggest obstacle to the creation&#x0D; of an inclusive playground is related to the legal system, so research to suggest institutional improvement and direction&#x0D; of related laws should be conducted. Although there is a social consensus that the inclusive playground&#x0D; should be expanded, research on this has been insufficient, so research dealing with various perspectives and&#x0D; topics should be activated. In particular, it was found that the usage rate of inclusive playground is higher for&#x0D; non-disabled people than for disabled people, and that the general public's awareness of inclusive playgrounds&#x0D; is low, so it is also necessary to spread awareness of inclusive playgrounds. Lastly, in preparation for a super-aged&#x0D; society with a low birth rate, it is necessary to preemptively expand and utilize the inclusive playground as an inclusive&#x0D; playground for the entire life cycle of both men and women of all ages, as well as the integration of disabled&#x0D; and non-disabled peo