General Population In China Research Articles

Factors influencing the social acceptance of brain-computer interface technology among Chinese general public: an exploratory study.

This study investigates the impact of social factors on public acceptance of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology within China's general population. As BCI emerges as a pivotal advancement in artificial intelligence and a cornerstone of Industry 5.0, understanding its societal reception is crucial. Utilizing data from the Psychological and Behavioral Study of Chinese Residents (N = 1,923), this research examines the roles of learning ability, age, health, social support, and socioeconomic status in BCI acceptance, alongside considerations of gender and the level of monthly household income. Multiple regression analysis via STATA-MP18 reveals that while health, socioeconomic status, social support, and learning ability significantly positively correlate with acceptance, and age presents an inverse relationship, gender and household income do not demonstrate a significant effect. Notably, the prominence of learning ability and social support as principal factors suggests targeted avenues for increasing BCI technology adoption. These findings refine the current understanding of technology acceptance and offer actionable insights for BCI policy and practical applications.

Prevention of dementia using mobile phone applications (PRODEMOS): a multinational randomised controlled effectiveness-implementation trial

Abstract Background The expected increase of dementia prevalence in the coming decades will mainly be within low-and middle-income countries and those with low socioeconomic status (SES) in high income countries. Forty percent of dementia is associated with modifiable, lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors. Mobile health interventions with remote coaching can help reach underserved high-risk populations globally. Methods This open label, blinded endpoint, hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigated whether a coach-supported mHealth intervention can reduce dementia risk in persons aged 55-75 years of low SES in UK or from the general population in China with at least two dementia risk factors. The primary effectiveness outcome was change in CAIDE dementia risk score (including age, education, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, BMI, physical exercise) after 12-18 months of intervention. Main implementation outcomes were coverage, acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility, sustainability, fidelity, and costs using a mixed methods approach. Findings Between 15th January 2021 and 18th April 2023, 1,488 persons were included and randomised (734 intervention, 754 control), with 1,229 (82·6%) available for analysis of the primary effectiveness outcome. After a mean follow-up of 16 months, the mean CAIDE score improved by 0·16 points in the intervention group vs. 0·01 in the control group (Mean Difference (MD) 0·16, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0·03-0·29). The effect was larger in those who adhered to the intervention (MD 0·27, 95%CI 0·12-0·44) and those planning to change lifestyle (MD 0·33, 95%CI 0·10-0·57). Ten percent of those invited participated; of these, 81% adopted the intervention and 50% continued active participation throughout the study. For the individual components of the CAIDE score, there were no statistically significant differences for systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and BMI, but in the intervention group physical inactivity was reduced more than in the control group (MD 6·7%, 95%CI 2·1 to 11·2) and more participants quit smoking (MD -3·1%, 95%CI -4·8 to -1·5). Interpretation A coach-supported mHealth intervention to improve lifestyle is modestly effective in reducing dementia risk factors in those with low SES in the UK and any SES in China. Implementation is challenging in these populations, but those reached actively participated. Whether this will result in less cognitive decline and dementia requires a larger RCT with long follow-up.

Comparison of depressive symptoms among emergency physicians and the general population in China: a cross-sectional study based on national data

BackgroundWhile physicians are considered to be more susceptible to developing depressive symptoms, empirical data are lacking. The study aims to compare the risk of depressive symptoms between emergency physicians and the general population in China based on national data.MethodsThis was a national cross-sectional study. 10 457 emergency physicians and 101 120 participants from the general population were investigated from July 2018 to August 2018 and January 2019 to February 2019, respectively. PHQ-9 was used to measure depressive symptoms, and a score ≥ 10 indicates major depression. Propensity score matching was adopted to balance the characteristics between emergency physicians and the general population. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the association between occupational groups and the severity of depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of major depression among emergency physicians.ResultsThe prevalence of major depression among emergency physicians was 35.7%, whereas among the general population was 13.9%. Emergency physicians had a 3.65 times higher risk of major depression than the general population. And emergency physician was significantly associated with mild (OR: 3.12, 95% CI 2.95–3.30), moderate (OR: 4.94, 95% CI 4.60–5.30), moderately severe (OR: 9.48, 95% CI 8.61–10.44), and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 14.18, 95% CI 12.47–16.13) compared with none depressive symptoms. Even after matching, the results remained consistent. Factors associated with major depression among emergency physicians included bachelor degree or above (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.40), worked long years (OR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.46 for 1–5 years; OR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.32–1.84 for ≥ 6 years), experienced workplace violence (OR: 2.51, 95% CI 2.16–2.94), worked more night shifts per month (OR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.51 for 6–10 times; OR: 1.83, 95% CI 1.58–2.11 for ≥ 11 times), smoked (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.47–1.84), and effort-reward imbalance (OR: 4.18, 95% CI 3.62–4.85).ConclusionsEmergency physicians had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than the general population. There is a need for greater awareness of the mental health issues faced by emergency physicians.

When Chinese patients with plasma cell disorders encountered the nationwide Omicron outbreak (December 2022): a real-world multicenter and multiregional study.

This study aims to assess the impact of the nationwide Omicron outbreak in December 2022 on Chinese patients with plasma cell disorders (PCD), focusing on the clinical characteristics of PCD patients with COVID-19 and the risk factors contributing to adverse clinical courses (severity and hospitalization) and outcomes. A multicenter retrospective study was performed from December 1, 2022, to January 19, 2023. The study population includes 404 PCD patients, divided into a COVID-19 group (n = 342) and an uninfected group (n = 62). The frequency of COVID-19 infection was 84.7% (342/404), and 16.4% (56/342) were severe COVID-19. Among the 277 patients with complete follow-up, 2 deaths (0.7%) were reported, while 231 (83.4%) recovered from COVID-19. Age > 65 (P = 0.02) and prior anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment within six months (P = 0.03) were independent risk factors for severe infection. Additionally, previous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy within six months was correlated with a higher risk of hospitalization (P = 0.04) and prolonged recovery time (P = 0.03). No significant protective effect of vaccination on infection or severe infection was observed (P > 0.05). The latest Omicron outbreak results in higher rates of severe infection and mortality in PCD patients compared with the general population in China, highlighting the need to protect this vulnerable population during the pandemic. Recent use of anti-CD38 mAb and CAR-T therapy are associated with poorer clinical courses and outcomes of PCD patients with COVID-19.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of elderly patients with follicular lymphoma (2024)

In the general population of China, the number of older patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) will continue to increase with age. The treatment of elderly patients with FL is based on individual principles, which focuses on the improvement of tumor-related symptoms and quality of life. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with FL in China, several organizations (i.e., Hematology Oncology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, etc.) have gathered relevant experts to formulate this consensus.

Chinese utility weights for the EORTC cancer-specific utility instrument QLU-C10D.

The aim of this study is to provide Chinese utility weights for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Utility Measure-Core 10 Dimensions (EORTC QLU-C10D) which is a preference-based cancer-specific utility instrument derived from the EORTC QLQ-C30. We conducted an online survey of the general population in China, with quota sampling for age and gender. Each respondent was asked to complete a discrete choice experimental survey consisting of 16 randomly selected choice sets. The conditional logit model and mixed logit model were used to analyze respondents' preferences, and the goodness of fit of the model was tested. A total of 2003 respondents were included in the analysis. Utility decrements within dimensions were typically monotonic. Monotonic inconsistency issues in the Fatigue, Sleep, and Nausea dimensions were normalized by monotonicity correction. Physical functioning, Pain, and Role functioning were associated with the greatest utility weights, with the smallest decrements being in Bowel problems and Emotional functioning. The utility value for the worst health state was 0.083, i.e. slightly higher than being dead. This study provides the first China-specific set of value for the QLU-C10D based on societal preferences of the Chinese adult general population. The value set can be used as a cancer-specific scoring system for economic evaluations of new oncology therapies and technologies in China.

Associations of Diabetes and Prediabetes With Mortality and Life Expectancy in China: A National Study.

To investigate the excess mortality and life-years lost associated with diabetes and prediabetes in China. This national cohort study enrolled 135,405 participants aged 18 years or older from the general population in China. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratio (RR). The life table method was used to estimate life expectancy. Among the 135,405 participants, 10.5% had diabetes and 36.2% had prediabetes in 2013. During a median follow-up of 6 years, 5517 deaths were recorded, including 1428 and 2300 deaths among people with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. Diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (diabetes: RR, 1.61 [95% CI 1.49, 1.73]; prediabetes: RR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.01, 1.15]), and cardiovascular disease (diabetes: RR, 1.59 [95% CI 1.41, 1.78]; prediabetes: RR, 1.10 [95% CI 1.00, 1.21]) mortality. Additionally, diabetes was significantly associated with increased risks of death resulting from cancer, respiratory disease, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. Compared with participants with normoglycemia, life expectancy of those with diabetes and prediabetes was shorter, on average, by 4.2 and 0.7 years at age 40 years, respectively. The magnitude of the associations of diabetes and prediabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality varied by age and residence. In this national study, diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with reduced life expectancy and increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. The disparities in excess mortality associated with diabetes and prediabetes between different ages and residences have implications for diabetes and prediabetes prevention and treatment programs.

Clinical guidelines for hepatitis B virus infection in kidney transplant recipients (2023 edition)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a liver-loving, double-stranded, circular DNA virus. The prevalence of hepatits B surface antigen(HBsAg)in the general population of China is approximately 6.1%, indicating a large base of HBV-infected individuals. The infection rate of HBV in the blood dialysis patient population is significantly higher than that in the general population. Kidney transplant recipients, being in an immunosuppressed state, are susceptible to HBV infection, and previous HBV infections may reactivate, affecting the long-term survival of the recipient and the transplanted kidney. To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection after kidney transplantation, the Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has organized domestic experts to develop this guideline from aspects such as epidemiology, routes of HBV infection in kidney transplant recipients, indications for kidney transplantation in HBV-infected individuals, and the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HBV infection in kidney transplant recipients, in order to help kidney transplant professionals standardize and optimize the management of HBV infection.

Association of lifestyle with sleep health in general population in China: a cross-sectional study

The concept of a healthy lifestyle is receiving increasing attention. This study sought to identify an optimal healthy lifestyle profile associated with sleep health in general population of China. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2022. Six healthy lifestyle factors were assessed: healthy diet, regular physical exercise, never smoking, never drinking alcohol, low sedentary behavior, and normal weight. Participants were categorized into the healthy lifestyle (5-6 factors), average (3-4 factors), and unhealthy lifestyle groups (0-2 factors). The study’s primary outcome was sleep health, which included sleep quality, duration, pattern, and the presence of any sleep disorder or disturbance, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive apnea syndrome, and narcolepsy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to explore lifestyles associated with the selected sleep health outcomes. 41,061 individuals were included, forming 18.8% healthy, 63.8% average, and 17.4% unhealthy lifestyle groups. After adjusting for covariates, participants with healthy lifestyle were associated with a higher likelihood of good sleep quality (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.46–1.68), normal sleep duration (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.49–1.72), healthy sleep pattern (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 2.00–2.31), and lower risks of insomnia (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.61–0.71), excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60–0.73), and obstructive apnea syndrome (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.37–0.43), but not narcolepsy (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83–1.03), compared to those with unhealthy lifestyle. This large cross-sectional study is the first to our knowledge to quantify the associations of a healthy lifestyle with specific aspects of sleep health. The findings offer support for efforts to improve sleep health by modulating lifestyle.

Restricted health service utilization and subsequent positive self-care behavior during the early COVID-19 pandemic in China.

The reallocation of health resources, epidemic prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered widespread restricted health service utilization, some residents and patients tried positive self-care behavior to maintain their health, yet the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear. Based on the reasoned action approach (RAA) theory, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between self-care behavior and restricted health service utilization among adults in China, trying to discover the vulnerable groups and external and intrinsic factors that affect self-care behavior among Chinese adults. Data on demographics, socioeconomic, health status, and self-care behavior were collected in "The Early China COVID-19 Survey," a cross-sectional anonymous online survey of the general population in China. Self-care behavior was measured by four indicators: weight control (WC), physical activity (PA), prevention behavior (PB), and online medical consultation (OMC). The multiple linear models and binary logistic regression were used to examine whether restricted health service utilization (RHSU) is associated with self-care behaviors; also, adjusted multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze subgroup heterogeneity. In total, 8,428 adult participants completed the survey, the mean OMC score was 1.51 (SD 1.34), the mean PB score was 18.17 (SD 3.44), and the proportion of participants who engaged in WC and PA was 42.30 and 62.57%, respectively. According to the multiple regression model, the RHSU was significantly positively correlated with all four indicators of self-care (WC: OR = 1.34, p < 0.001, PA: OR = 1.34, p < 0.05, MC: OR = 1.30, p < 0.001, PB: coef = 0.16, p < 0.05). We also observed some significant differences in the intensity of this relationship by subgroup analysis, precisely, OMC (high vs. moderate vs. low infection-risk level: OR = 1.48; 1.41; 1.19, p < 0.1), PA (male vs. female: OR = 1.27;1.06; p < 0.05, high vs. Moderate and low infection-risk level: OR = 1.51; 1.17; 1.02, p < 0.05), PB (Chronic disease groups vs. no: coef = 0.46; 0.1, p < 0.05). Restricted health service utilization predicts more positive self-care behavior, and the intensity of partial correlation was significantly different in the subgroups of sex, actual infection risk level of the living area, and chronic diseases. These findings highlight the urgent demand for self-care behavior among Chinese adults during the pandemic and provide new insights for developing self-care and reducing the burden on the healthcare system in the long term.

Associations of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Hyperuricemia in Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

There has been widespread concern about the health hazards of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which may be the risk factor for hyperuricemia with evidence still insufficient in the general population in China. Here, we conducted a nationwide study involving 9,580 adults aged 18 years or older from 2017 to 2018, measured serum concentrations of uric acid and PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, PFNA, PFHxS) in participants, to assess the associations of individual PFAS with hyperuricemia, and estimated a joint effect of PFAS mixtures. We found positive associations of higher serum PFAS with elevated odds of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, with the greatest contribution from PFOA (69.37%). The nonmonotonic dose-response (NMDR) relationships were observed for 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFHxS with hyperuricemia. Participants with less marine fish consumption, overweight, and obesity may be the sensitive groups to the effects of PFAS on hyperuricemia. We highlight the potential health hazards of legacy long-chain PFAS (PFOA) once again because of the higher weights of joint effects. This study also provides more evidence about the NMDR relationships in PFAS with hyperuricemia and emphasizes a theoretical basis for public health planning to reduce the health hazards of PFAS in sensitive groups.

Prevalence and disease burden of chronic cough in nine cities of China: an observational study

BackgroundChronic cough (CC) is common in the general population of China, creating a difficult-to-ignore public health burden. However, there is a lack of research on the nationwide prevalence and disease burden of CC in the Chinese population. We aim to use an insurance claims database to assess the prevalence and the corresponding economic burden owing to CC in China.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study based on an administrative medical insurance database in 2015, 2016 and 2017, from nine cities in North, South, East, South-West, and North-West regions of China. The study population was Chinese adults (≥ 18 years old) who had been identified as CC patients. Descriptive data analyses were used in statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 44,472, 55,565, and 56,439 patients with mean ages of 53.2 (16.3) years were identified as patients with CC in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Of these, 55.24% were women. In addition, 8.90%, 9.46%, and 8.37% of all patients in 2015, 2016, and 2017, who had applied for medical insurance, had CC, respectively, with a three-year average probability of 8.88%. The median number of outpatient visits within a calendar year was 27 per year due to any reason during the period of 2015–2017. The median medical cost of each patient per year increased from 935.30 USD to 1191.47 USD from 2015 to 2017.ConclusionCC is common among medical insurance users, with a substantial utilization of medical resources, highlighting the huge burden of CC in China.

Association between triglyceride glucose index and hyperuricemia: a new evidence from China and the United States.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a glo\bal public health problem. The etiology of HUA is complex and efficient and accurate assessment metrics are still lacking when conducting large-scale epidemiologic screening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (BMI), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the risk of HUA. Based on data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States and the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in China, a total of 14,286 U.S. adults and 4,620 Chinese adults were included in the analysis. The study examined the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-WC. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to investigate the relationships between these variables and hyperuricemia (HUA), separately. Additionally, the study used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore the linear associations of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and HUA, separately. The NHANES results showed that TyG [Q2, 1.58(1.26, 1.98); Q3, 2.36 (1.94, 2.88); Q4, 3.21 (2.61, 3.94)], TyG-BMI [Q2, 2.14 (1.74, 2.65); Q3, 3.38 (2.74, 4.17); Q4, 6.70 (5.55, 8.02)], TyG-WHtR [Q2, 1.92 (1.56, 2.36); Q3, 3.14 (2.56, 3.85); Q4, 6.28 (5.12, 7.69)], TyG-WC [Q2, 2.32 (1.85, 2.90); Q3, 3.51 (2.84, 4.34); Q4, 7.32 (5.95, 9.02)] were identified as risk factors for hyperuricemia (HUA). Similarly, the CHARLS results, when fully adjusted for covariates, indicated that TyG [Q4, 2.36 (1.08, 5.15)], TyG-BMI [Q3, 2.60 (1.05, 6.41); Q4, 3.70 (1.64, 8.32)], TyG-WHtR (Q4, 2.84 (1.23, 6.55), TyG-WC [Q4, 2.85 (1.23, 6.5)] were also risk factors for HUA. The predictive ability of each indicator for the risk of developing HUA was stronger in women than in men. Furthermore, there was an observed nonlinear relationship between TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and HUA in both the NHANES and CHARLS datasets (P-nonlinearity < 0.05). These findings suggest that TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC are associated with an increased risk of HUA. They are potential indicators for screening HUA status in the general population in China and the United States.

Concentration and health risk assessment of 16 rare earth elements in six types of tea in China

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have been implicated in potential health effects. However, the health risk of REE exposure among tea drinkers in China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the concentration of REEs in different tea categories and evaluate the associated health risks for tea consumers in China. By analyzing the content of 16 REEs in 4326 tea samples from China, the exposure level of REEs to the general population was estimated. The content of these 16 REEs was similar across six types of tea, with oolong tea exhibiting the highest levels. The concentration of light rare earth elements (LREEs) in six types of tea was higher than that of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The daily mean and 95th percentile (P95) exposure to REEs from tea for the general population in China were 0.0328 μg/kg BW and 0.1283 μg/kg BW, respectively, which are significantly lower than the temporary acceptable daily dose (tADI). Our findings suggest that REEs from tea do not pose a known health risk to Chinese consumers.

Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic normalization phase in China: A multigroup latent profile analysis among healthcare workers and the general population

The COVID-19 pandemic is no longer considered a “global public health emergency”; nonetheless, it has left a long-lasting effect on people's mental health. Existing studies examined the impact of COVID-19 on people's mental health; however, most of these investigations were carried out during the acute phase. This study addresses the gaps in knowledge regarding the psychological distress experienced by healthcare workers and the general population in China during the normalization period, as well as the shared and distinct associated factors. Data were collected in March 2022. Five hundred and three healthcare workers and 307 general individuals participated. Online questionnaires were administered. Collected data for mental health indices included depression, anxiety, insomnia, and resilience. Various statistical analyses were conducted, including independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way analyses of variance, multigroup latent profile analyses, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Healthcare workers had lower prevalence rates of depression and anxiety and a higher level of resilience than the general population. Latent profile analyses suggested four profiles based on levels of psychological distress (i.e., low, mild, moderate, and high) derived from four indices (i.e., depression, anxiety, insomnia, and resilience). The person-centered approach revealed that the general population had more individuals in moderate and high distress classes and fewer in the mild distress class. Healthy lifestyles, past mental health issues, and epidemic burnout were common influencing factors for both groups. However, epidemic uncertainty was identified as the distinct contributing factor for the general population. Directions for future research and interventions are discussed.

Prevention of dementia using mobile phone applications (PRODEMOS): a multinational, randomised, controlled effectiveness–implementation trial

The expected increase of dementia prevalence in the coming decades will mainly be in low-income and middle-income countries and in people with low socioeconomic status in high-income countries. This study aims to reduce dementia risk factors in underserved populations at high-risk using a coach-supported mobile health (mHealth) intervention. This open-label, blinded endpoint, hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigated whether a coach-supported mHealth intervention can reduce dementia risk in people aged 55-75 years of low socioeconomic status in the UK or from the general population in China with at least two dementia risk factors. The primary effectiveness outcome was change in cardiovascular risk factors, ageing, and incidence of dementia (CAIDE) risk score from baseline to after 12-18 months of intervention. Implementation outcomes were coverage, adoption, sustainability, appropriateness, acceptability, fidelity, feasibility, and costs assessed using a mixed-methods approach. All participants with complete data on the primary outcome, without imputation of missing outcomes were included in the analysis (intention-to-treat principle). This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN15986016, and is completed. Between Jan 15, 2021, and April 18, 2023, 1488 people (601 male and 887 female) were randomly assigned (734 to intervention and 754 to control), with 1229 (83%) of 1488 available for analysis of the primary effectiveness outcome. After a mean follow-up of 16 months (SD 2·5), the mean CAIDE score improved 0·16 points in the intervention group versus 0·01 in the control group (mean difference -0·16, 95% CI -0·29 to -0·03). 1533 (10%) invited individuals responded; of the intervention participants, 593 (81%) of 734 adopted the intervention and 367 (50%) of 734 continued active participation throughout the study. Perceived appropriateness (85%), acceptability (81%), and fidelity (79%) were good, with fair overall feasibility (53% of intervention participants and 58% of coaches), at low cost. No differences in adverse events between study arms were found. A coach-supported mHealth intervention is modestly effective in reducing dementia risk factors in those with low socioeconomic status in the UK and any socioeconomic status in China. Implementation is challenging in these populations, but those reached actively participated. Whether this intervention will result in less cognitive decline and dementia requires a larger RCT with long follow-up. EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme and the National Key R&D Programmes of China. For the Mandarin translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Prevalence and progression of interstitial lung abnormalities in the general population: A longitudinal study

Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are increasingly recognized on chest Computed tomography (CT) scans. There has been no prior evaluation of ILA prevalence and progression in the general population in China. Therefore, we conduct a longitudinal study to investigate the prevalence and progression of ILA in the general population in China, and to provide a reference for the management of ILA and further researches.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2024)

The general population in China is aging, and thus the number of older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will continue to increase. Individualized treatment is required to maximize therapeutic potential while minimizing the risk of toxicity. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL in older people in China, the Lymphocyte Disease Group of the Hematology Division of the Chinese Medical Association and Lymphoma Expert Commitee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) have organized relevant experts to formulate this consensus.

Burden of neck pain in general population of China, 1990-2019: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Neck pain has become very common in China and has greatly affected individuals, families, and society in general. In this study, we aimed to report on the rates and trends of the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) caused by neck pain in the general population of China from 1990 to 2019. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) study to estimate the number and age standardised rates per 100 000 population of neck pain point prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs in 33 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions of China, stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. We then compared these estimates with other G20 countries. There were 6.80 × 107 patients with neck pain in 2019, presenting an increase from 3.79 × 107 in 1990. Likewise, the national age-standardised point prevalence increased slightly from 3.53% in 1990 to 3.57% in 2019. The YLDs increased by 78.08%, from 3814 × 103 in 1990 to 6792 × 103 in 2019. The age-standardised YLDs rate increased 1.50% from 352.84 in 1990 to 358.10 in 2019. The point prevalence of neck pain in 2019 was higher in females compared with males. These estimates were all above the global average level and increased more rapidly among G20 countries from 1990 to 2019. We generally observed a positive association between age-standardised YLD rates for neck pain and SDI, suggesting the burden is higher at higher sociodemographic indices. Neck pain is a serious public health problem in the general population in China, especially in its central and western regions, with an overall increasing trend in the last three decades. This is possibly related to changes of people's lifestyles and work patterns due to improvements in societal well-being and technology. Raising awareness of risk factors for neck pain in the general population and establishing effective preventive and treatment strategies could help reduce the future burden of neck disorders.

Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern

With the phase-out of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement by perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), there is a potential for increased exposure to various new PFECAs among the general population in China. While there are existing studies on dietary exposure to legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), research on dietary exposure to PFECAs, especially among the general Chinese populace, remains scarce. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of PFECAs in dietary sources from 33 cities across five major regions in China, along with the associated dietary intake. Analysis indicated that aquatic animal samples contained higher concentrations of legacy PFASs compared to those from terrestrial animals and plants. In contrast, PFECAs were found in higher concentrations in plant and terrestrial animal samples. Notably, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (HFPO-DA) was identified as the dominant compound in vegetables, cereals, pork, and mutton across the five regions, suggesting widespread dietary exposure. PFECAs constituted the majority of PFAS intake (57 %), with the estimated daily intake (EDI) of HFPO-DA ranging from 2.33 to 3.96 ng/kg bw/day, which corresponds to 0.78–1.32 times the reference dose (RfD) (3.0 ng/kg bw/day) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Given the ubiquity of HFPO-DA and many other PFECAs in the nationwide diet of China, there is an urgent need for further research into these chemicals to establish relevant safety benchmarks or consumption advisory values for the diet.