General Packet Radio Service Network Research Articles

A Performance Analysis of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in Indonesia

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a concept connecting any devices onto the internet. The IoT devices cannot only use a service or server to be controlled at a distance but also to do computation. IoT has been applied in many fields, such as smart cities, industries, and logistics. The sending of IoT data can use the existing GSM networks such as GPRS. However, GPRS is not dedicated particularly to the transmission of IoT data in consideration of its weaknesses in terms of coverage and power efficiency. To increase the performance of the transmission of IoT data, Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT), one alternative to replace GPRS, is offered for its excellence in coverage and power. This paper aims to compare the GPRS and NB-IoT technology for the transmission of IoT data, specifically in Bandung region, Indonesia. The results obtained showed that the packet loss from clients for the GPRS network was at 68%, while the one for NB-IoT was at 44%. Moreover, NB-IoT technology was found excellent in terms of battery saving compared to GPRS for the transmission of IoT data. This result showed that NB-IoT was found more suitable for transmitting the IoT data compared to GPRS.

Design of micro‐automatic weather station for modern power grid based on STM32

With the rapid growth of renewable energy resources over the past few years, the analysis and control of modern power systems are becoming more and more complex. Meteorological information has been regarded as the basic data to help operators handle the problems brought by renewable energy. Thus, the concept of micro-automatic weather station was proposed to meet the needs of modern power grid analysis and control. Based on the STM32 controller and meteorological sensors, the hardware and server software of the micro-automatic weather station are designed and developed, which can monitor wind speed, wind direction, light intensity, temperature and humidity of surroundings atmosphere. All real-time meteorological data together with geographic information offered by Global Positioning System are sent to the base station via wireless General Packet Radio Service network, the networked data are analysed in the server. The real experiment showed that weather station can run smoothly in the natural environment, providing accurate and real-time meteorological data for users. Consequently, micro-automatic weather station makes it possible for researchers to get a large amount of meteorological information at a low price in a short term.

A wireless oxygen saturation and heart rate monitoring and alarming system based on the Qatar Early Warning Scoring system

Background: Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) are important indicators for various medical conditions such as cardiopulmonary disorders and respiratory diseases. The main objectives of this study is to design and implement a portable embedded medical system. This system wirelessly obtains SpO2 and HR data from a patient as well as his/her coordination, and sends a short messaging service (SMS) alarm to the emergency control room to contact the patient and confirm his/her health status or dispatch an ambulance in case of his/her measurements are outside the normal range based on the Qatar Early Warning Scoring (QEWS) system. Methods: The system mainly consists of a Bluetooth finger pulse oximeter, a Bluetooth-enabled microcontroller, a global positioning system (GPS) and a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) module. It is divided into three main stages. In the first stage, the readings of SpO2 and HR are obtained from the patient in real time. During the second stage, the readings obtained are sent over Bluetooth to the signal acquisition and processing unit. The received data is processed and a decision is made whether a SMS alarm should be sent or not. The final stage is concerned with sending the alarming SMS to the emergency control room over the GPRS network based on the QEWS system. Results: The system was implemented and successfully tested as a stand-alone unit by avoiding the use of a PC or a smartphone for data processing. The transmitted SMS alarm includes the SpO2 and HR readings, the QEWS score and the GPS coordinates. Conclusions: The designed system is wireless, portable, and user-friendly. This system possibly promotes quality of care for the patient living outside hospital and could improve response time from an ambulance service point of view by determining the exact location of the patient.

GPRS-BASED REMOTE SENSING AND CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM USING CMOD CPLD

This paper presents the design and VLSI hardware implementation of a remote sensing system for humidity and temperature in real time. The remote monitoring of the system based on a web design by using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network. Since full custom ASIC design takes long time with high cost, programmable logic devices as a programmable ASIC is a better choice for rapid design process and reasonable prices. The design has been described using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), and then implemented in hardware using CoolRunner2 CPLD from Xilinx to achieve low cost with rapid prototyping. The design has been simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 6.2i software tools, then test in hardware level using Digilent Spartan 3 starter kit as a hardware tools. The design offers a complete, low cost, powerful and user friendly way of 24 hours real time monitoring system.

Monitoring and Management of Source Water Pollution Based on a New Bio-Optoelectronic System in Jinan, China

A new bio-optoelectronic system, which included the behavior (aquatic organism) monitoring system and the water physiochemical factor monitoring system, was developed for the purpose of the management of accidental pollution events in water resource in Jinan, China. The system included a monitoring center and three monitoring stations. Communication between the monitoring stations and the monitoring center was mainly by the General Packet Radio Service network transmission complemented by a dial-up connection for use when this service was unavailable. The results suggested that once an accidental pollution occurred, the system would make a comprehensive evaluation based on the Self-Organising Map analysis on the monitoring data and some decision would be made based on the Emergency Management of Accidental Pollution. As a result, the new bio-optoelectronic system provided an effective approach on the management of accidental pollution events in drinking water supply.

Design and Realization of an Online Power Quality Monitoring System Based on DSP and GPRS

In order to evaluate power quality more accurately and synthesize the characteristics of the distribution, which has nodes in large quantity and area, an online power quality monitoring system (PQMS) is developed by using the digital signal processor (DSP) and the general packet radio service (GPRS). This PQMS consists of two parts: the power quality monitor (PQM) which is designed on the structure of DSP and the monitoring software (MS) in upper computer which is designed on the platform of LabVIEW. GPRS network provides the communication channel for these two parts. Therefore, supervisors can monitor and analyze the power quality from a long distance. In this paper, the design and realization of each part are described in detail. Experimental results show that the proposed system is fast in response with high accuracy and has the ability of real-time processing.

User Behavior Analysis Based on Gn Interface of GPRS Network

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) has become a standard to extend the services provided by the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Through the introduction of packet switching technology, GPRS supports the use of packet data transmission, allowing a more efficient usage of the radio resources with a consequent improvement in the quality of service of subscribers. This paper presents some observations of the real operational GPRS network in a certain city by analyzing the characteristics of the data which was captured by monitoring system deployed in the Gn interface of GPRS core network. The distributions of the activated users and on-offline users were analyzed in this paper, as well as the online duration characteristic of mobile users. At last, the distribution of users and sessions was discussed, and finally some valuable conclusions were concluded for the mobile network operators.

A Diagnostic Approach for Advanced Tracking of Commercial Vehicles With Time Window Constraints

In this paper, we introduce a fleet supervision system used to monitor on-road evolutions of commercial transport vehicles. This monitoring is accomplished by the automatic dispatch, during crossing of a tracking location, of information issued from the localization system on the vehicle. This information can be sent to a server through a direct Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol connection in a general packet radio service network (GPRS) or through a satellite network. The information is provided by the system to some allowed users via an Internet website. The fleet supervision system also enables analyzing messages sent by vehicles to identify differences between real data and planned data. We are more particularly interested in the diagnostics of delays, which can take place during deliveries. In fact, while crossing already fixed tracking locations, these delays are detected as early as possible, and their consequences are predicted so that corrective or preventive actions are undertaken as soon as possible.

Effective System for Pregnant Women using Mobile GIS

World Health Organization showed at one year about 287 000 women died most of them during and following pregnancy and childbirth in Africa and south Asia. This paper suggests mHealth system for serving pregnant women, that proposed system is first an effective mHealth system works base on mobile GIS to select adjacent care centre or hospital maternity on Google map at online registration for woman pregnant, that is done when the pregnant woman will send SMS via GPRS network contains her ID and coordinates (Longitude and Latitude) the server when receive it will search database support that system and using the same infrastructure for help the pregnant women at her location (home, market, etc) in emergency cases when the woman send SMS contains her coordinates for succoring. Implement the proposed pregnant women system shows more effective from view of cost than other systems because it works in economic (SMS) mode and from view of serve the system can easy and rapidly manage when achieving locally registration, succoring in emergency cases, change the review date of pregnant woman, as well as different types of advising. Keywords Pregnant Women, mHealth System, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Mobile GIS; Short Message Service (SMS), Global Position System (GPS).

Study of Wireless Electricity Acquisition System Based on GPRS for Seawave Power

This paper presents a new wireless electricity acquisition system based on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology which is designed according to the requirements of the seawave power for real-time and reliability of data transmission. The direct connection between GPRS network and Internet is effectively used in this system to establish the wireless communication channel, so as to realize the real-time and reliable collection and transmission of the power parameters of the seawave power system. The communication principles and characteristics of the GPRS technology are systematically introduced in this paper. The hardware and software composition, communication model and implementation of the wireless power acquisition system are described particularly. Extensive experiments show that the system has advantages of simple structure, high transfer rate, low running cost and high reliability.

FFU Motors Remote Monitoring System Based on Power Line Communication and GPRS

In view of the advantage of low voltage power line carrier technique and general packet radio service(GPRS), a solution of fan filter unit(FFU) motor remote mointoring system based on GPRS and low voltage power line communication is introduced. This system combines a framework of low voltage power line communication and GPRS network with host computer monitoring center, which changes the traditional FFU motor control mode, and realize FFU motor remote real-time on-line automatic monitoring.The system implementation methods were described in detail, and the hardware and sofware design were given.The test and practice showed that the proposed has higher efficient and stronger anti-interference capability, which met the requirements of networkization and intelligentization, and a better way for the FFU motor control. The designed system has good application value.

Measuring QoS in Gb interface of GPRS networks based on user session

This article puts forward one novel Gb measuring and monitoring system (GBMMS) in Gb interface of general packet radio service (GPRS) networks based on user session. As is well known, the mobile internet is evolving rapidly to accommodate a myriad variety of emerging services with heterogeneous mobile terminals. Increasing packet traffic volumes put high pressure on GPRS networks especially in Um and Gb interface, which seriously hampers the capability and effectiveness of networks. GBMMS presented in this paper can precisely analyze quality of service (QoS) key performance indicators (KPIs) from the perspective of user perception. Furthermore, this article presents our recent findings based on the massive data collected with GBMMS placed in China's live GPRS networks. In particular, the study has scrutinized the Gb traffic in terms of attach procedure, from which meaningful and interesting insights on the current GPRS networks of China from the perspective of user session are derived.

Research and Implementation of Taxi Calling-Response Method based on ZigBee

Taxi is the window of city public service and city appearance. Because of the bad real time capability and high expense of taxi calling-response system based on mobiles, GPS (Global Positioning System) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network, the current system is not fit for a large number of passengers moving on the street. Therefore, the way of “empty taxi” to seek passengers is the most common business model for taxi, but it results in energy wasting, environment pollution and traffic jam and so on. The taxi calling-response method based on wireless network ZigBee is researched in this paper. By using road terminal device and vehicle terminal device, the selforganization construction of taxi calling-response system is built and the calling-response process is designed. Based on analysis of IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee standard, taxi calling-response network topology based on ZigBee is presented and network address allocation strategy is researched. With hardware/software development platform and hardware chips/ circuits such as CC2430 RF chip etc, road terminal device and vehicle terminal device are designed and system function is tested so as to evaluate applicability of the proposed method.

The Research and Realization of Traffic Service System Based on GPS and GPRS

In recent years, data service has been gaining popularity in embedded system and general packet radio service (GPRS).GPRS is one of the next-generation wireless communication technologies. This paper takes advantage of seamless GPRS data coverage and its good capacity to combine GPRS technology and GPS system, realizing real-time positioning of vehicles. This paper describes structure of the system using GPRS and GPS technology for real-time data acquisition and transmission. It transmits the data through GPRS network to the background system for centralized data processing and analysis. The analysis results are given back to administrator rapidly and timely through the wireless network. This module not only saves development and maintenance costs of a private network, and takes full advantage of the unique advantages of GPRS. Finally, this paper summarizes characteristics and advantages of the system in practical application and has good prospects.

Charging Information Collection Modeling and Analysis of GPRS Networks

Charging is one of the most important functionalities in a telecommunication service system. In a general packet radio service (GPRS) wireless network, the load of charging information flow depends on the intensity of call traffic and the size of charging records. During busy hours, the GPRS network might not be able to transfer charging records on a timely basis if new charging records are generated too fast. On the other hand, when a call happens, the related charging information must be collected and transferred to the billing system. If a failure of the data link occurs, a secondary data link must be employed to transfer the charging information. However, this redundant operation might result in charging information duplication. This paper formally addresses these two issues. A timed Petri net model is built to support the analysis of the charging system performance versus various factors when the system works in the normal status, which, in particular, gives the maximum supportable busy hour call attempts of the GPRS network. The Petri net approach is also used to model and verify the correctness of the redundancy operation in case a connection failure occurs.

Providing hearing-impaired students with learning care after classes through smart phones and the GPRS network

Although computers and network technology have been widely utilised to assist students learn, few technical supports have been developed to help hearing-impaired students learn in Taiwan. A significant challenge for teachers is to provide after-class learning care and assistance to hearing-impaired students that sustain their motivation to participate in continuous learning activities. However, lacking an effective communication channel, teachers cannot easily provide after-class learning care or instruction to sustain student motivation. This study developed a learning support system to provide after-class learning care through smart phones and the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. Student reactions identified effective strategies regarding student–teacher interaction while teachers utilised the wireless network and handheld devices to provide learning support. Questionnaire results demonstrated that most students and their parents considered student–teacher interaction and strategies through GPRS and smart phones effective in improving student learning at home.

Malicious actions against the GPRS technology

This paper presents the malicious actions (attacks), which threaten the general packet radio services (GPRS) network, the GPRS mobile users, and the data that either reside at the network or are transferred through it. These attacks may be performed by malicious third parties, mobile users, network operators or network operator personnel, which exploit the security weaknesses of the GPRS security architecture. Moreover, the attackers take advantage of the lack of adequate security measures that should protect certain parts of the GPRS architecture. The possible attacks against GPRS targets the equipment of mobile users, the radio access network, the GPRS backbone network, and the interfaces that connect the latter to other GPRS networks or the public Internet. The results of these attacks might be the compromise of end-users security, the users over billing, the disclosure or alteration of critical information, the services unavailability, the network breakdown, etc. The analyzed attacks and their consequences increase the risks associated with the usage of GPRS, and, thus, influence its deployment that realizes the concept mobile Internet. In order to defeat certain attacks and enhance the level of security provided by GPRS, specific security measures are proposed.

Channel allocation for priority packets in the GPRS network

As the general packet radio service (GPRS) network begins to provide such as "push-to-talk" (PTT) service, delay-sensitive packets should be given higher priority in transmission. In this paper, we study two channel allocation schemes that implement priority queues for priority packets in the GPRS network: bitmap channel allocation (BCA) and uplink state flag channel allocation (USFCA). Our study shows that the transmission delay of priority packets in the GPRS network can be better guaranteed using USFCA.

Redundancy elimination in GPRS network

The mechanisms of TCP’s retransmission and reset will result in redundant packets. These redundant packets are often sent unnecessarily to the user over a slow last-hop link delaying useful traffic. This is a problem for wide-area wireless links, such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), because unnecessary transmissions waste already limited radio bandwidth, battery power at the mobile terminal and incurs monetary cost due to charging by data volume. The paper first describes a GRPS model, then discusses how to eliminate the redundant packets in GPRS network and presents the simulation results in Network Simulation 2 (NS 2). The more traffic is, the more the network can benefit. In heavy traffic, it can even get more than 30% improvement in throughput. Average delay and loss percent are also lowered.

Utilizing Object Compression for Better J2ME Remote Method Invocation in 2.5G Networks

This paper introduces two new Java 2 Platform Micro Edition (J2ME) Remote Method Invocation (RMI) packages. These packages make use of serialized object compression and encryption in order to respectively minimize the transmission time and to establish secure channels. The currently used J2ME RMI package does not provide either of these features. Our packages substantially outperform the existing Java package in the total time needed to compress, transmit, and decompress the object for General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks, often called 2.5G networks, even under adverse conditions. The results show that the extra time incurred to compress and decompress serialized objects is small compared to the time required to transmit the object without compression in GPRS networks. Existing RMI code for J2ME can be obliviously used with our new packages.