General Method For Construction Research Articles

An improved model for wavelet coefficients estimation and its application to image denoising

Image denoising is a significant procedure in image processing, and a good denoising method can improve the image quality. This study focuses on enhancing the estimation model of wavelet coefficients by improving the threshold function. Thus, a general construction method for a class of threshold functions is introduced, and sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the threshold functions are continuous, first-order differentiable and higher-order differentiable. It makes an existing class of improved threshold functions a particular case and enables the construction of other needed threshold functions based on this general approach. Experiments have shown that using the new threshold functions yields better denoising results for images containing salt and pepper noise, Gaussian noise and speckle noise. Moreover, as the smoothness of the threshold function is enhanced, the denoising effect is also improved. The improved wavelet coefficients estimation model can effectively boost the quality of image denoising, further enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of computer vision algorithms.

Tri-hierarchical incomplete block designs

A tri-hierarchical incomplete block (TriHIB) design is defined as an arrangement of v equi-replicated treatments in three levels of blocking such that each block of the first level contains m1 blocks of second level and that of second level contains m2 blocks of the third level. Every level of a TriHIB design, treated independently, is an incomplete block design (IBD) and ignoring any one level of blocking, results into a bi-hierarchical incomplete block (BiHIB) design. Here, two general methods of construction of TriHIB designs are proposed. In the first method, popular association schemes (viz., triangular, Latin square and rectangular) of partially balanced IBDs have been used for developing three series of designs with equal/unequal block sizes at higher levels of blocking. Second method yields another series of designs, through cyclic development of two initial sequences, with equal block sizes at first two levels and equal/unequal block sizes at the third level of blocking. A list of parameters of TriHIB designs for number of treatments up to 30 is presented, along with efficiency factors. Further, for easy accessibility and wider adaptability of these designs, an R package ‘Tri.Hierarchical.IBDs’ has been developed for the generation of the proposed designs.

A class of mixed-level uniform designs generated by code mapping

Literature reviews reveal that there is a very close connection between experimental design and coding theory. Based on a code mapping transformation, this paper provides a new method to construct a class of mixed designs with two- and four-level. A general construction method is described and some theoretical results of obtained designs are given. Analytic connections are established between the generated and the initial designs in terms of aberration criteria and discrepancies. Sharp lower bounds of the wrap-around L2- and Lee discrepancies are obtained and used as the benchmarks to measure the uniformity of the generated designs. Examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the construction and lend our results further support.

Multicomponent Reductive Coupling for Selective Access to Functional γ-Lactams by a Single-Atom Cobalt Catalyst.

Despite their significant importance to numerous fields, the difficulties in direct and diverse synthesis of α-hydroxy-γ-lactams pose substantial obstacles to their practical applications. Here, we designed a nitrogen and TiO2 co-doped graphitic carbon-supported material with atomically dispersed cobalt sites (CoSA-N/NC-TiO2), which was successfully applied as a multifunctional catalyst to establish a general method for direct construction of α-hydroxy-γ-lactams from cheap and abundant nitro(hetero)arenes, aldehydes, and H2O with alkynoates. The striking features of operational simplicity, broad substrate and functionality compatibility (>100 examples), high step and atom efficiency, good selectivity, and exceptional catalyst reusability highlight the practicality of this new catalytic transformation. Mechanistic studies reveal that the active CoN4 species and the dopants exhibit a synergistic effect on the formation of key acid-masked nitrones; their subsequent nucleophilic addition to the alkynoates followed by successive reduction, alkenyl hydration, and intramolecular ester ammonolysis delivers the desired products. In this work, the concept of reduction interruption leading to new reaction route will open a door to further develop useful transformations by rational catalyst design.

Optimal Construction for Decoding 2D Convolutional Codes over an Erasure Channel

In general, the problem of building optimal convolutional codes under a certain criteria is hard, especially when size field restrictions are applied. In this paper, we confront the challenge of constructing an optimal 2D convolutional code when communicating over an erasure channel. We propose a general construction method for these codes. Specifically, we provide an optimal construction where the decoding method presented in the bibliography is considered.

Chinese dialect speech recognition: a comprehensive survey

As a multi-ethnic country with a large population, China is endowed with diverse dialects, which brings considerable challenges to speech recognition work. In fact, due to geographical location, population migration, and other factors, the research progress and practical application of Chinese dialect speech recognition are currently at different stages. Therefore, exploring the significant regional heterogeneities in specific recognition approaches and effects, dialect corpus, and other resources is of vital importance for Chinese speech recognition work. Based on this, we first start with the regional classification of dialects and analyze the pivotal acoustic characteristics of dialects, including specific vowels and tones patterns. Secondly, we comprehensively summarize the existing dialect phonetic corpus in China, which is of some assistance in exploring the general construction methods of dialect phonetic corpus. Moreover, we expound on the general process of dialect recognition. Several critical dialect recognition approaches are summarized and introduced in detail, especially the hybrid method of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) combined with the Hidden Markov Model(HMM), as well as the End-to-End (E2E). Thirdly, through the in-depth comparison of their principles, merits, disadvantages, and recognition performance for different dialects, the development trends and challenges in dialect recognition in the future are pointed out. Finally, some application examples of dialect speech recognition are collected and discussed.

On Mixed Cages

Mixed graphs have both directed and undirected edges. A mixed cage is a regular mixed graph of given girth with minimum possible order. In this paper mixed cages are studied. Upper bounds are obtained by general construction methods and computer searches.

Talent-management as a competitive advantage of the organization

The subject of research: theoretical and practical aspects of talent management in organizations as an actual direction in personnel management, a new way of achieving organizational efficiency and a strategic holistic approach to intellectual capital management. The purpose of the study research on building an effective talent management system in the organization as an important competitive advantage in the market. Method or methodology for conducting research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the conducted research were the works of domestic and foreign scientists, leading scientists and practitioners in the field of talent management in the organization. In the research process, general scientific methods and methods of analysis and construction of the personnel management system were used. The results of research and conclusions. The article examines the importance of attracting and retaining talented people in the organization. The main approaches to talent management at the enterprise are considered. Measures to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the organization's work due to the introduction of talent management in competitive conditions are proposed.

A general construction method for component orthogonal arrays

AbstractOrder‐of‐addition (OofA) experiments have gained renewed attention in recent years, especially in regard to their design. For these experiments, the response is determined by the order in which components are added. A particularly useful design introduced in OofA experiments is the component orthogonal array (COA). The COA maintains pairwise balance between any two components while also ensuring each component appears equally often in each position. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for constructing COAs which can be naturally split into blocks of Latin squares. These blocks can be run sequentially in a systematic order, potentially requiring fewer runs to identify optimal orderings, while also preserving good properties should the overall design be needed. We also show how to extend this construction method to create designs for any number of components.

Sustainable construction strategies for building construction projects in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a model

Sustainability is defined as meeting the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This study focuses on the sustainable construction strategies used in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of sustainable construction technologies and management strategy linked to the environment and the significant relationship between the management strategy and construction technologies used for sustainable building construction. This study employed the descriptive-correlational method of research using a questionnaire for gathering data about the sustainable construction strategies used in Bahrain. The data gathered were analyzed using the weighted mean and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the degree of correlation between construction technologies and management strategy. SPSS software was used in the calculation. Results show that management strategy linked to the environment is often practiced in around 75% of all projects delivered while general sustainable construction methods, energy and material-based techniques, and waste-based techniques are sometimes utilized in around 50% of all the building projects delivered. In addition, the utilization of these sustainable construction technologies is the result of a management strategy linked to the environment which the respondents rated as often practiced for all projects that were delivered. This implies that management strategy in protecting the environment in Bahrain is often practiced in construction for 75% of the projects. From the results of the study, a model of sustainable building construction in the Kingdom of Bahrain was derived to achieve sustainable building construction. This includes the management strategies needed by the different stakeholders like construction firms and government agencies to carry out the implementation of sustainable construction and sustainable construction techniques (e.g., waste management, insulating materials, building envelope with thermal properties, building management system, and efficient fixtures).

The Character of Convergence of the Cauchy Product

In general, the Cauchy product of an absolutely convergent series and a conditionally convergent one might converge absolutely. In our note, we provide an easy and quite general method for construction of such pairs of series, a method that is not related to the classic Pringsheim’s example. Moreover, we observe that when only pairs of alternating series, both satisfying the assumptions of the alternating series test are considered, if one of them is absolutely convergent then the character of convergence of their Cauchy product is exactly the same as the character of convergence of the second factor. We complete the remarks with a new and surprisingly short proof of the Voss Theorem on Cauchy products.

A General Condition of Structural Distinguisher

AbstractThis paper proposes a general construction method for structural distinguishers, based on the recently proposed ‘multiple-of-n property’ of a subspace trail. The multiple-of-n property refers to the fact that by appropriate choices of difference for a number of input pairs, it is possible to make sure that the number of times that the difference of the resulting output pairs lie in a particular subspace is always a multiple of n. We weaken the condition for constructing the structural distinguisher from the exact subspace trail to the general subspace trail and this general condition is applied to the SPN cryptographic algorithm, allowing a six-round structural distinguisher to be obtained for the first time. In this way, the best six-round Midori-64 distinguisher is constructed, with its data complexity being identical to Midori’s five-round structural distinguisher. We also applied this new condition to the SKINNY algorithm, extending its structural distinguisher from five to six rounds.

A General Construction Method of Virtual Simulation Experiment Platform Based on Bibliometrics and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Virtual simulation can solve the challenges of high cost, long cycle time, and inaccessibility in traditional experimental teaching, which is far-reaching for talent training. This study combines bibliometric visualization theory with AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). It establishes a hierarchical evaluation model of a virtual simulation experimental teaching platform based on 842 questionnaires and 4787 articles, including 68,306 citation records, and deconstructing the complex evaluation problem into several multidimensional factors by attributes and relationships. Based on this, a virtual simulation experimental teaching platform construction scheme for IP protocol analysis based on a network covert communication perspective is outputted, which is compatible with the research results. The experimental platform takes a task-driven teaching method as the core, mainly including four modules of context creation, task determination, independent learning, and effect evaluation. The experience of building this platform can be extended to other disciplines, leading the teaching reform exploration of practice-based, innovation-focused, and engineering-critical, helping to implement the flipped classroom, and promoting the development of education modernization.

Metal-free C-3 selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) heteroarylation of anilines with imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives via cross-dehydrogenative coupling.

A general and straightforward method for the regioselective construction of C-3 heteroaryl-containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via cross-dehydrogenative coupling under transition-metal-free conditions has been reported, utilizing N,N-dimethylaniline as the methylenation source and furnishing the C(sp2)-C(sp3) functionalized products in good to excellent yields. Mechanism studies indicate that a radical pathway is responsible for this transformation.

Road to entire insulation for resonances from a forced mechanical system

The effective solution to avoid machinery damage caused by resonance has been perplexing the field of engineering as a core research direction since the resonance phenomenon was discovered by Euler in 1750. Numerous attempts have been performed to reduce the influence of resonance since the earlier of last century, by introducing a nonlinear structure or a closed-loop control system. However, the existed methodologies cannot eliminate resonance completely even extra problems were introduced inevitably, which means the technical choke-point of resonance-free remains unsolved. Here we propose a designable archetype model, which establishes a mapping between the mechanical properties and its structure. A general inverse method for structure construction is proposed based upon the required property for the system with quasi-zero stiffness of any designed finite order and the zero-stiffness properties. It is shown that an ellipse trajectory tracking of the designed model is the sufficient and necessary condition to satisfy the zero-stiffness property. Theoretical analysis shows that no resonant response happens in a zero-stiffness system to the full-band frequency excitation, or equivalently, the system can completely isolate the energy transfer between the load and environment, when the damping ratio approaches zero. Finally, an experimental rig for the prototype structure is built up according to the sufficient and necessary condition of the zero-stiffness system, for which the special dynamic behaviours are verified through experiments of frequency-sweep and random-vibration as well. Experimental results show that the prototype of the initial vibration isolation frequency of zero-stiffness system is much lower than 0.37 Hz, and the vibration attenuation of the proposed model is about 16.86 dB, 45.63 dB, and 112.37 dB at frequencies of 0.37 Hz, 1 Hz, and 10 Hz, respectively. The distinguished geometric structure of the zero-stiffness system leads to a new inspiration for the design of resonance-free in metamaterial unit and the inverse method can even adapt the design for a more targeted applications based on an arbitrary complex dynamic requirement.

Stability of equilibria of exponential type system of three differential equations under stochastic perturbations

A system of three differential equations with exponential nonlinearity is considered. It is shown that the considered system has both the zero and nonzero (positive or negative) equilibria. It is supposed that the system is exposed to stochastic perturbations that are directly proportional to the deviation of a system state from an equilibrium. Via the general method of Lyapunov functionals construction and the method of linear matrix inequalities sufficient conditions of stability in probability for an each equilibrium are obtained. Numerical simulations and figures are presented to demonstrate the obtained results. The proposed investigation method can be applied for many other types of nonlinear systems.

About Stability of Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations with State-Dependent Delay

A nonlinear stage-structured population model with a state-dependent delay under stochastic perturbations is investigated. Delay-independent and delay-dependent conditions of stability in probability for two equilibria of the considered system are obtained via the general method of Lyapunov functionals construction and the method of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The model under consideration is not the aim of the work and was chosen only to demonstrate the proposed research method, which can be used for the study of other types of nonlinear systems with a state-dependent delay.

Research on construction method of modular missile family general components based on self-organizing mapping

-As far as the missile family is concerned, the general components are an important part of the missile types in the missile family. At the same time, they are also a major advantage and feature of collaborative design of multiple missile types to form the missile family. In view of the poor universality of modules in traditional missile design, this paper proposes a general components construction method based on self-organizing mapping, which aggregates the components with similar structure and little difference in performance parameters as general components, so as to maximize the proportion of general components in the component library under the condition of meeting the performance index, and then improve the efficiency of missile equipment system while reducing the design cost.

Photoredox-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes for the formation of C(sp3)–heteroatom bonds

Sterically congested C–O and C–N bonds are ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds. However, the development of a general method for the efficient construction of those sterically demanding covalent bonds still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a photoredox-driven ring-opening C(sp3)–heteroatom bond formation of arylcyclopropanes is presented, which enables the construction of structurally diversified while sterically congested dialkyl ether, alkyl ester, alcohol, amine, chloride/fluoride, azide and also thiocyanate derivatives. The selective single electron oxidation of aryl motif associated with the thermodynamic driving force from ring strain-release is the key for this transformation. By this synergistic activation mode, C–C bond cleavage of otherwise inert cyclopropane framework is successfully unlocked. Further mechanistic and computational studies disclose a complete stereoinversion upon nucleophilic attack, thus proving a concerted SN2-type ring-opening functionalization manifold, while the regioselectivity is subjected to an orbital control scenario.

Multiplication of Distributions and Algebras of Mnemofunctions

In this paper, we discuss methods and approaches for definition of multiplication of distributions, which is not defined in general in the classical theory. We show that this problem is related to the fact that the operator of multiplication by a smooth function is nonclosable in the space of distributions. We give the general method of construction of new objects called new distributions, or mnemofunctions, that preserve essential properties of usual distributions and produce algebras as well. We describe various methods of embedding of distribution spaces into algebras of mnemofunctions. All ideas and considerations are illustrated by the simplest example of the distribution space on a circle. Some effects arising in study of equations with distributions as coefficients are demonstrated by example of a linear first-order differential equation.