General Metadata Research Articles

Metadata design for the first electronic learner corpus of Romanian

This paper introduces an ongoing work of collecting, annotating and documenting the first digital Romanian Learner Corpus (LECOR), focusing on its metadata. We shortly describe the institutional context of the project, the current state of the art in the field, the objectives in terms of structure, dimensions and annotations and what work has already been done at this stage of the project. Then we present the modular structure of the metadata scheme and a detailed account of all the metadata fields and their possible values, from general metadata concerning the whole corpus (Section 3.1), to metadata organised around the student/learner (Section 3.2) and text/composition (Section 3.3). We will also give some examples of how metadata has been dealt with in various researches (including based on LECOR corpus).

A unified representation method for interdisciplinary spatial earth data

ABSTRACT Unified representation of spatial earth data is an essential scientific issue. The analysis and mining of interdisciplinary spatial earth data resources can help discover hidden scientific knowledge, and even reveal the intrinsic relationship among different disciplines. However, the different description methods and inner structures among interdisciplinary spatial earth data bring significant challenges to unified data management and collaborative analysis in earth environment research. To address this issue, this paper proposes a unified representation method for interdisciplinary spatial earth data. First, this paper establishes a general metadata model and realizes the unified description of interdisciplinary data. Second, an entity data organization model is presented, which can realize the unified organization of entity data with different inner structures. Finally, we introduce the Spatial Earth Data Format (SEDF), a data format based on HDF5 for implementing the data organization model of interdisciplinary spatial earth data. Data representation experiments and validation are conducted to verify the availability and practicability of the proposed data representation method. The results suggest the powerful ability to represent spatial earth data efficiently and ensure data integrity, which is convenient for data management and application.

One Concept, One Term, Good Practice but How to Achieve? —Improving Facet Values Quality for Samuel Proctor Oral History Collection, Hosted by the University of Florida Digital Collections

Faceted search, also known as dynamic taxonomies, is a popular feature applied to digital collection sites. Appearing as clickable labels, facets facilitate search result refinement and content browsing. To achieve the utmost efficiency, faceted search requires each facet value to represent a single concept–that is, one controlled vocabulary term represents one concept. However, in reality, this status is hard to achieve. An example of this can be seen in the digital collection of Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, a high-profile international resource hosted by the University of Florida Digital Collections. The Topical Subject and Genre terms appear with many vocabulary control issues: the same concept is often expressed with different terms; the same term appears with different spelling variations; and/or outdated terms mingle with more up-to-date ones. Additionally, compound terms that represent multiple concepts prohibit the grouping of content that share individual concepts. In short, a great deal of improvement will be needed to optimize the faceted search. To address these issues, the Digital Support Services department of the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida launched a pilot metadata remediation project using an out-of-box product – Oxygen XML Editor. This article, in addition to providing one more metadata remediation case study, traces the discussions around metadata quality and analyses the general metadata remediation process. Moreover, this article enriches the discussion of vocabulary control in relation to a core function of digital collection sites–faceted search.

A Geospatial Dashboard Prototype for Evaluating Spatial Datasets by using Semantic Data Concepts and Open Source Libraries

Abstract. In today’s research data management, experts discuss datasets to be FAIR, as they should become findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (Lacagnia et al. 2021). In recent years, quality information and provenance information as well as dataset’s general metadata have become important aspects to evaluate a dataset's fitness for use. In order to capture and process this meta-information in a systematic way, users need frameworks and meaningful user interfaces that allow them to interact with the information and to visualize them. Therefore, we provide a user-friendly and interactive geodashboard implementation as first prototype that supports the evaluation of spatial datasets with linked widgets by applying semantic concepts and using open source libraries.

MetaSys: A Practical Open-source Metadata Management System to Implement and Evaluate Cross-layer Optimizations

This article introduces the first open-source FPGA-based infrastructure, MetaSys, with a prototype in a RISC-V system, to enable the rapid implementation and evaluation of a wide range of cross-layer techniques in real hardware. Hardware-software cooperative techniques are powerful approaches to improving the performance, quality of service, and security of general-purpose processors. They are, however, typically challenging to rapidly implement and evaluate in real hardware as they require full-stack changes to the hardware, system software, and instruction-set architecture (ISA). MetaSys implements a rich hardware-software interface and lightweight metadata support that can be used as a common basis to rapidly implement and evaluate new cross-layer techniques. We demonstrate MetaSys’s versatility and ease-of-use by implementing and evaluating three cross-layer techniques for: (i) prefetching in graph analytics; (ii) bounds checking in memory unsafe languages, and (iii) return address protection in stack frames; each technique requiring only ~100 lines of Chisel code over MetaSys. Using MetaSys, we perform the first detailed experimental study to quantify the performance overheads of using a single metadata management system to enable multiple cross-layer optimizations in CPUs. We identify the key sources of bottlenecks and system inefficiency of a general metadata management system. We design MetaSys to minimize these inefficiencies and provide increased versatility compared to previously proposed metadata systems. Using three use cases and a detailed characterization, we demonstrate that a common metadata management system can be used to efficiently support diverse cross-layer techniques in CPUs. MetaSys is completely and freely available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/MetaSys .

Schema and content aware classification for predicting the sources containing an answer overcorpusand knowledge graphs

Today, several attempts to manage question answering (QA) have been made in three separate areas: (1) knowledge-based (KB), (2) text-based and (3) hybrid, which takes advantage of both prior areas in extracting the response. On the other hand, in question answering on a large number of sources, source prediction to ensure scalability is very important. In this paper, a method for source prediction is presented in hybrid QA, involving several KB sources and a text source. In a few hybrid methods for source selection, including only one KB source in addition to the textual source, prioritization or heuristics have been used that have not been evaluated so far. Most methods available in source selection services are based on general metadata or triple instances. These methods are not suitable due to the unstructured source in hybrid QA. In this research, we need data details to predict the source. In addition, unlike KB federated methods that are based on triple instances, we use the behind idea of mediated schema to ensure data integration and scalability. Results from evaluations that consider word, triple, and question level information, show that the proposed approach performs well against a few benchmarks. In addition, the comparison of the proposed method with the existing approaches in hybrid and KB source prediction and also QA tasks has shown a significant reduction in response time and increased accuracy.

Metadata Made Easy: Develop and Use Domain-Specific Metadata Schemes by following the dmdScheme approach.

Metadata plays an essential role in the long‐term preservation, reuse, and interoperability of data. Nevertheless, creating useful metadata can be sufficiently difficult and weakly enough incentivized that many datasets may be accompanied by little or no metadata. One key challenge is, therefore, how to make metadata creation easier and more valuable. We present a solution that involves creating domain‐specific metadata schemes that are as complex as necessary and as simple as possible. These goals are achieved by co‐development between a metadata expert and the researchers (i.e., the data creators). The final product is a bespoke metadata scheme into which researchers can enter information (and validate it) via the simplest of interfaces: a web browser application and a spreadsheet.We provide the R package dmdScheme (dmdScheme: An R package for working with domain specific MetaData schemes (Version v0.9.22), 2019) for creating a template domain‐specific scheme. We describe how to create a domain‐specific scheme from this template, including the iterative co‐development process, and the simple methods for using the scheme, and simple methods for quality assessment, improvement, and validation.The process of developing a metadata scheme following the outlined approach was successful, resulting in a metadata scheme which is used for the data generated in our research group. The validation quickly identifies forgotten metadata, as well as inconsistent metadata, therefore improving the quality of the metadata. Multiple output formats are available, including XML.Making the provision of metadata easier while also ensuring high quality must be a priority for data curation initiatives. We show how both objectives are achieved by close collaboration between metadata experts and researchers to create domain‐specific schemes. A near‐future priority is to provide methods to interface domain‐specific schemes with general metadata schemes, such as the Ecological Metadata Language, to increase interoperability.

Integration of Domain-Specific Metadata Schema for Cultural Heritage Resources to DSpace: A Prototype Design

This article highlights the practical experiences about the implementation of LIDO metadata schema in DSpace for managing museum and cultural resources. LIDO is a domain specific metadata schema for museum and cultural resources. Presently, library and information centers are not only building their digital institutional repository, but also museums, archiving centers are interesting to develop their digital archiving system. Before digital archiving, it is mandate to keep in mind that standard metadata schema should be provided for proper items or objects or resources for building digital archiving system for museum and cultural resources. DSpace is a popular system for building digital; institutional repositories. The DSpace uses general metadata schema i.e. Dublin Core metadata for generic resources. But it is very flexible to adopt a new metadata schema for building specific types of resources. This work includes how the DSpace is used for building a digital archiving system for museum and cultural resources and also shows the details steps of methodology to meet the experiences.

4474 READ-TV: Research and Exploratory Analysis Driven Time-data Visualization

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: A web interface that allows for easy upload of CSV text data to time-based visualizationsImplementation of change points analysis to identify and display points where event rates increased or decreasedcustomizable plots where the user can change point shapes, color, etc.customizable and advanced filtering supportsupport for plot comparisons and exportsMETHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used the R/Shiny framework to develop a web application for visualization of time stamped data. The Research and Exploratory Analysis Driven Time-data Visualization (READ-TV) application allows for user-friendly mining for longitudinal patterns in data. READ-TV is built specifically for FD analysis, but is easily adaptable to other clinical use cases, as we allow for the use of general metadata on events and cases.The building of a quantitative framework for event analysis starts with the application of homogeneous Poisson processes, which relate the times of occurrence of events in terms of an underlying rate. To understand the changes in this underlying rate, changepoint analysis is used to model the rate as a function of time using piecewise constant approximations. The changepoint analysis allows us to identify the specific periods of time where the rate of FD is increased relative to a baseline or a desired operating range. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: READ-TV application allows for import of time stamped event data from multiple cases. Event and case metadata are supported to facilitate filtering and mining of interesting subsets of data. Stem plots are used for visualization of selected event timelines in chosen cases. This visualization is accompanied with summary of the number and estimates of rates of occurrence of specific event types (e.g. types of FD). Change-point analysis is implemented using the ‘changepoint‘ R library. These analyses allow the users to quickly understand whether the rates of events (FD) is changing across the case timeline and where exactly these changes are occurring. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We have demonstrated the READ-TV application to the team of the AHRQ-funded Human Factors and Systems Integration in High Technology Surgery (HF-SIgHTS) study. The ability to visualize and perform quantitative analysis of the study data was received with unanimous positive feedback and enthusiasm. We continue READ-TV development focusing on (1) increased user-friendliness using the HF-SIgHTS as our focus group, (2) increased functionality, and (3) use of more general localization terminology to allow for other applications.

Executable platform for managing customizable metadata of educational resources

Purpose The purpose of this research is to enable dynamic customization of metadata that describes educational resources in digital repositories. Design/methodology/approach Users need to describe educational resources in digital repositories according to a user-specific metadata set. As users generally do not have the skills to customize the software application manually, this approach relies on the techniques of model-driven software engineering, which should allow customization of the software application programmatically with no need to develop or order a new software application. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the proposed solution. Findings A software platform for managing educational resources described by dynamically extendable metadata is proposed. The platform enables the creation of data models that are programmatically transformed to a Web application for the management of educational resources. In this way, users can create their own models of metadata that are relevant in a particular domain. Research limitations/implications The solution has been verified by users with technical knowledge. The appropriateness of the model should still be explored for domain experts with little technical knowledge who desire to define new metadata in their domain. Practical implications The solution can be used for digital repositories that store diverse educational resources. Each resource could be described using metadata that relates to the domain the resource belongs to. Originality/value Digital repositories standardly describe educational resources using some general metadata, which are more focused on the physical characteristics of resources rather than their semantics. The proposed solution introduces custom domain-specific semantics into the description of the resources, which improves their retrieval.

Metadata is key - the most important data after data

Metadata is key - the most important data after data

Study of web-based management for EAST MDSplus data system

A large distributed data acquisition system based on PXI/PXIe technology has been implemented on EAST tokamak. Now the whole data system has more than 60 data acquisition units and more than 3000 raw channels, and the maximum data throughput is about 5GBytes/s. Most of the acquired data are continuously stored into MDSplus Wan et al. database, moreover the calculated and analyzed data are also saved into MDSplus. In case of long-term discharge mode, the raw data of one shot is more than 1TBytes, and the total data of one campaign is more than 100TBytes.MDSplus is helpful to store tokamak experiment discharge data, and the scientific data are saved into database by shot and tree, and it is easy to know the signal information of one shot or tree. However, it is difficult to get the general metadata information of all the shots and trees. Even if we can read the information by some scripts, but it is not so convenient and the data retrieval speed is slow. So we have planned to design a data statistics and retrieval system for EAST MDSplus data system, which can provide all the metadata information of all the trees such as signal name, sampling rate, data size, data available or not, and so on, basing on these metadata the system can give detailed statistics and reports automatically by some pre-defined model, which can help users to grasp the status and schema of all the data. The system has been developed based on apache/mysql/php framework and the PCIe SSD storage is adopted to promote the database access speed. The design details will be given in the paper.

Assessment of dermatology clinic resources at safety-net hospitals: Results from a national survey

Note: The general metadata -- e.g., title, author, abstract, subject headings, etc. -- is publicly available, but access to the submitted files is restricted to UT Southwestern campus access only.

Design of a metadata framework for environmental models with an example hydrologic application in HydroShare

Environmental modelers rely on a variety of computational models to make predictions, test hypotheses, and address specific problems related to environmental science and natural resource management. Scientists and engineers must devote significant effort to preparing these computational models. While significant attention has been devoted to sharing and reusing environmental data, less attention has been devoted to sharing and reusing environmental models. A first step toward increasing environmental model sharing and reuse is to define a general metadata framework for models that is flexible and, therefore, applicable across the wide variety of models used by environmental modelers. This paper proposes a general approach for representing environmental model metadata that extends the Dublin Core metadata framework. The framework is implemented within the HydroShare system and applied for a hydrologic model sharing use case. This example application demonstrates how the metadata framework implemented within HydroShare can assist in model sharing, publication, reuse, and reproducibility.

Hospital-Onset Bloodstream Infection Rates After Discontinuing Active Surveillance Cultures for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Regional Burn Center.

The general metadata -- e.g., title, author, abstract, subject headings, etc. -- is publicly available, but access to the submitted files is restricted to UT Southwestern campus access and/or authorized UT Southwestern users.

Research on Task-focused Massive Multi-source Heterogeneous Information Sharing & Utilizing Method

Nowadays the famous search engine companies are all providing the keyword web search capabilities. No one provides the high accurate & efficient user-requirements-oriented information Services. The task-focused massive multi-source heterogeneous information sharing & utilizing method and system is introduced in this paper. This paper presents the general metadata description model of heterogeneous information resource, the metadata extraction method of information resource, the service encapsulation method and registration publication mechanism of information resource, in order to standard the sharing process of large amounts of heterogeneous information resource. And then, the implement mechanism of information collection and index construction for huge amounts of information resource is given in the paper, by designing the optimized algorithm based on the map-reduce mechanism. Finally, the task-focused massive multi-source heterogeneous information precision searching mechanism is given in the paper in order to realize the information sharing and effective user of resources.

Structured representation for core elements of common clinical decision support interventions to facilitate knowledge sharing.

At present, there are no widely accepted, standard approaches for representing computer-based clinical decision support (CDS) intervention types and their structural components. This study aimed to identify key requirements for the representation of five widely utilized CDS intervention types: alerts and reminders, order sets, infobuttons, documentation templates/forms, and relevant data presentation. An XML schema was proposed for representing these interventions and their core structural elements (e.g., general metadata, applicable clinical scenarios, CDS inputs, CDS outputs, and CDS logic) in a shareable manner. The schema was validated by building CDS artifacts for 22 different interventions, targeted toward guidelines and clinical conditions called for in the 2011 Meaningful Use criteria. Custom style sheets were developed to render the XML files in human-readable form. The CDS knowledge artifacts were shared via a public web portal. Our experience also identifies gaps in existing standards and informs future development of standards for CDS knowledge representation and sharing.

A Unified Trifocal System for Advanced Depth-Based 3D Capture

While benefits of depth-maps for content creation and 3D post-production for multi-view displays are already widely known, their usage as an alternative stereo 3D (S3D) production workflow is just starting to become visible. In addition the generation of reliable depth-maps is still an active research topic. — The paper describes a comprehensive 3D capture infrastructure approach comprising a trifocal camera system entirely based on Ethernet interface technology, a dedicated field recording solution realized with solid state technology capable of recording up to seven uncompressed ‘high frame rate’ camera streams in parallel, and algorithms for trifocal depth estimation enabling real-time depth preview on-set as well as high-quality depth extraction offline. The new interface approach harmonizes and consolidates image data, depth information and general metadata. The system provides a new 3D production workflow with no need of scene dependent adjustments but the possibility to calculate a virtual view with any favored baseline during post.

Towards a Novel Metadata Information Service for Distributed Data Management

The trend in Grid computing towards more data intensive applications, accessing more and more relational databases and requiring advanced integration of secondhand and publicly available data sources, is still upstanding. Rich metadata information about these data sources plays a vital role for efficient distributed data management. There is a lack of service oriented monitoring tools providing a rich set of metadata for data sources, in contrast to the established usage of monitoring and metadata information tools for network and computational Grid resources. We allow the improved integration and exploitation of data sources in service-oriented architectures by providing a service oriented monitoring tool, named DSMON, for them – initially focusing on relational databases. Our approach supports coarse and fine grained information about heterogeneous relational databases via a uniform interface and provides a homogeneous view on the available metadata. This paper presents novel usage scenarios needing a monitoring service as well as important requirements to be fulfilled by such a service. Our research prototype is not bound to a specific data access middleware nor necessarily tightly coupled with other components. Therefore it can play a vital role in any service oriented infrastructure targeted towards advanced data access, integration and management. The functionality and performance of the DSMON prototype is demonstrated for commonly used relational databases such as MySQL, PostGRE and Oracle. DSMON is an essential component of a more general metadata information service, called DSMIS, for data sources providing advanced funtionalities like prediction of the future behavior of a data source and external metadata updates. We introduce its overall architecture and discuss its novel functionalities.

디지털콘텐츠 메타데이터 포맷의 비교 연구

With the rapid growth of the Internet, digital contents have increased in a geometric progression and the types also became much varied. In order to make it easier to identify and search digital contents on the Internet, which is basically a distributed network environment, it is essential to organize and manage metadata. In this study, we have comparatively analyzed the data elements of the meta data formats currently approached from different aspects in diverse fields, so as to provide basic materials for securing interoperability of the meta data formats. We selected Dublin Core, Semantic Header, MARC, IAFA Templates, and TEI Header as the general metadata formats of digital contents used widely in all areas, and we carried out comparisons and analyses based on the literature.