General Theory Of Interaction Research Articles

Contemporary Environmental Policy of Russia and China in the Context of the General Theory of Interaction Between Nature and Society

The interaction of man, society with nature has always been one of the most complex and contradictory topics in various fields of scientific knowledge. This interaction was constantly transformed, but one feature has always remained unchanged – human life directly depends on the state of nature. The ecological situation that has developed at present, despite its constant updating at the international, federal and regional levels, continues to remain unresolved, the threat to human life continues to grow. In this regard, the scientific substantiation of the creation of effective mechanisms and technologies of environmental policy that will contribute to overcoming the environmental crisis becomes urgent. The authors define the main goal of the study as identifying the features and effective mechanisms of modern environmental policy of Russia and China at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society. The methodological basis of the research includes: a general theory of interaction between nature and society, which allows us to analyze the main directions and mechanisms of overcoming the ecological crisis at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society; a comparative historical approach, which allowed us to consider the dynamics and features of the development of environmental policy in Russia and China; a systematic approach that contributed to a comprehensive analysis of the features of environmental policy, taking into account the socio-economic, political factors of the development of countries. This article highlights the main directions, stages, effective mechanisms of modern environmental policy in Russia and China at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society. We concluded that the effective mechanisms of environmental policy are those that are associated with changes at the technological level of interaction between nature and society, associated with green and ecological production, measures taken at the level of plagenous processes remain ineffective. The research materials can be applied to study and identify ways to overcome the ecological crisis, the features of modern modernization processes in Russia and China. Keywords: Russia, China, general theory of interaction between nature and society, technological level of interaction between nature and society, ecological production, gene processes, plagenous processes

Theory of interaction, insertion modeling, and cognitive architectures

Abstract The paper presents a new cognitive architecture based on insertion modeling, one of the paradigms of a general theory of interaction, and a basis for multiagent system development. Insertion cognitive architecture is represented as a multilevel insertion machine which realizes itself as a high-level insertion environment. It has a center to evaluate the success of its behavior, which is a special type agent that can observe the interaction of a system with external environment. The main goal of a system is achieving maximum success repeated. Considered as an agent this machine is inserted into its external environment and has the means to interact with it. The internal environment of intelligent cognitive agent creates and develops its own model and the model of external environment. If the external environment contains other agents, they can be modeled by internal environment, which creates corresponding machines and interprets those machines using corresponding drivers, comparing the behaviors of models and external agents. Insertion architecture is now under development on the base of Insertion modeling system, developed in Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics. The nearest application will be the cognitive intellectual agent for software understanding.

General theory for interactions in sufficient cause models with dichotomous exposures

The sufficient-component cause framework assumes the existence of sets of sufficient causes that bring about an event. For a binary outcome and an arbitrary number of binary causes any set of potential outcomes can be replicated by positing a set of sufficient causes; typically this representation is not unique. A sufficient cause interaction is said to be present if within all representations there exists a sufficient cause in which two or more particular causes are all present. A singular interaction is said to be present if for some subset of individuals there is a unique minimal sufficient cause. Empirical and counterfactual conditions are given for sufficient cause interactions and singular interactions between an arbitrary number of causes. Conditions are given for cases in which none, some or all of a given set of causes affect the outcome monotonically. The relations between these results, interactions in linear statistical models and Pearl's probability of causation are discussed.

Searching for pedagogical adaptations by exploring teacher’s tacit knowledge and interactional co-regulation in the education of pupils with autism

The purpose of this article is to introduce a research design, which aims to find useful pedagogical adaptations for teaching pupils with autism. Autism is a behavioural syndrome characterised by disabilities and dysfunctions in interaction and communication, which is why it is interesting to explore educational processes particularly from an interactional perspective in a class with pupils with autism. The main focus is in exploring teacher’s tacit knowledge and interactional co-regulation between the teacher and the pupils. This study is a part of a larger Finnish project, which involves the education of pupils with autism in the primary school system. In the study described, six video recordings (each about 30 min) were taken under analysis due to the uniqueness in the research context of special education: the videos are rare in that they involve only the teacher and her six pupils with autism; no helpers are present in the classroom. This study explored the phenomenon ethnomethodologically. This study indicated that it is possible to apply a general theory of interaction when exploring people with autism, although the main diagnostic criteria of autism are disabilities in social interaction and communication. It was possible to extract episodes from the behaviour of the teacher that showed her tacit knowledge becoming concrete. These results could be taken into consideration when planning and carrying out teaching in different contexts and in teacher education, too.

Simplified Dynamic Finite-Element Analysis for Three-Dimensional Pile-Grouped-Raft-High-Rise Buildings

Combined with the respective advantages in S-R(Sway-Rocking) impedance concept and finite-element method, a simplified 3D structural dynamic FEM considering composite pile-group-soil effects is presented. The structural members including piles are modeled by spacial beam or shell elements, and raft-base is divided into thick-shell elements with its spring-dashpot boundary coefficient obtained by impedance backcalculated. The mass-spring elements for soil between piles are set to simulate vertical, horizontal pile-group effects by strata-equivalent approach. The soil beside composite body is separated into near-field and far-field parts. The former is modeled by nonlinear spring-dashpot elements based on Winkler’s hypothesis, while the latter is modeled by a series of linear mass-spring-dashpots. With the effects of boundary track forces and energy radiation, the presented model enables researchers to conduct the time-domain nonlinear analysis in a relatively simple manner which avoids sophisticated boundary method and solid-element mesh bringing with tremendous computational cost. The seismic effect on dynamic interaction of pile-soil-complicated structures would be efficiently annotated from two structural engineering and geotechnical engineering aspects and the numerical calculation effort would be drastically decreased too. The complete procedure is mainly performed using the parametric design language assembled in the Finite Element Code Ansys. With the dynamic analysis of foundation and superstructure for a pile-supported 15-storey building, the influence of the participant effect on structural dynamic response will be depicted by various dynamic parameters of pile-soil-raft foundation in detail. Not only do the results have an agreement with some conclusions drawn by the general interaction theory, but also certain of phenomena which would be disagree with that by general analysis is involved. Even with the finite-element meshes for 68 piles, the time-history analysis procedure for PGSS (Pile-Group-Soil-Superstructure) system and the qualitative evaluation with various SSI parameters can be also fulfilled efficiently and rapidly by presented means. These results may be of help to the designers to quickly assess the significance of interaction effect for the high-rise buildings resting on any type or layout of pile-group foundation.

Eine kurze Geschichte der Hörforschung - Teil 1: Antike

This review describes important steps in the history of basic research on the function of the hearing organ. The present, first part revisits the period between Empedocles and Galen, focussing on the ideas of Empedocles and Aristotle. It is unlikely that they knew the cochlea. Based upon a more general theory of interaction, however, Empedocles in the fifth century B.C. compared the hearing organ with a bell and claimed that it is capable of not only receiving, but also generating sound. Using Empedocles's theories of sound and the four elements, Aristotle proposed that sound is sensed by an air-filled resonant cavity in the head located behind the eardrum. The postulated cavity may have been identified with, or at least included, the middle ear. Aristotle's ideas dominated the theory of hearing for two millenniums.

A General Theory for Interactions Between Short and Long Waves

Nonlinear partial differential equations which permit both short and long wave solutions are studied. The theory reveals a variety of phenomena relevant to a broad class of physical problems. Among the properties investigated are resonances, instabilities and steady state solutions.

Explorations in Mathematical Anthropology

Precise discussion of human phenomena has developed to some-extent in all of the social sciences, and it is no surprise to find the trend increasing rapidly in anthropological discourse. This book contains the best available sampling of mathematical, statistical, and computer techniques currently used by anthropologists to tackle a wide range of substantive problems. Paul Kay notes that if mathematics is to serve anthropology, mathematical training for anthropology students, should be made available and credited toward the degree, while students with undergraduate training in technical fields should be encouraged to study anthropology. The sort of formal training that will prove useful, he observes, coincides with the major themes discussed in the book: abstract algebra (including, for example, set theory, mathematical logic, and axiomatic logic); computer technology; probability and statistics with emphasis on derivation of pattern; and probability statistics with emphasis on stochastic processes. As anthropologists become more familiar with formal techniques, Kay points out, they place less importance on statistical tests of significance and more on determining functional expressions of the relationships among variables. What direction will such formalization take? The editor hopes that it will be not toward a school of mathematical anthropology but a continuing development of mathematics and mathematically based techniques as tools of anthropological research. The scope of topics considered in this volume is so wide and various as to be an impressive indication of a strong future for mathematics in anthropology. Briefly, such topics include interinformant reliability, cultural distinctiveness in conceptual areas, cultural systems as mental systems of identification, classification, evaluation, and action, diffusional versus functional explanations, general interaction theory, kinship terminologies as logical systems, folklore, cultural systems as systems of knowledge and belief, systemic culture patterns, endogamy/exogamy, genealogy, relation of social structure to relational terminology, cultural continuity, and culture change.