Source Of General Information Research Articles

Use of artificial intelligence chatbots in clinical management of immune-related adverse events

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have become a major source of general and medical information, though their accuracy and completeness are still being assessed. Their utility to answer questions surrounding immune-related...

Perancangan Ulang Desain UI/UX Website Digilib Universitas Sriwijaya Menggunakan Metode Double Diamond

Perancangan Ulang Desain UI/UX Website Digilib Universitas Sriwijaya Menggunakan Metode Double Diamond

Metformin as an adjuvant option for systemic treatment of breast cancer

The modification of the used and development of new treatment regimens significantly improved the overall, recurrence-free survival and quality of life of patients with malignant oncological diseases. Recently, drugs used in non-oncological pathology have been introduced into cancer treatment regimens. This phenomenon is associated with a better understanding of the biology of tumor cells and the mutations that can change this biology. Metformin is actively researched in terms of the treatment of various oncological diseases. For the most part, the modification of the neoadjuvant treatment regimen for local or locally advanced stages of breast cancer results in a less traumatic variant of surgical procedure, thereby increasing recurrence-free survival. The aim is to systematize the data on the possibilities of the antitumor metformin usage for neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer and to study the results of clinical and morphological effectiveness of the treatment by reviewing the literature. A search of PubMed from February 2023 showed 258 results on the antitumor effects of metformin, of which only 159 were published in the last 5 years. On this subject only four clinical studies were carried out, and only one of them pertained to the implementation of metformin in the systemic treatment of breast cancer. For this review, 55 sources of general and specialized information on anticancer effects of metformin were analyzed. It should be noted that approximately 60% of the study results were published more than 5 years ago and primarily focused on the biological, not clinical aspects of metformin usage. Only one study regarding the implementation of metformin for systemic treatment of breast cancer was carried out by Ukrainian scientists. Currently, there are 2 main hypotheses regarding the antitumor effect of metformin. First one is driven by its impact on the metabolic function of cells and energy deficit. Second - the method of regulating the proliferation of tumor cells involves the PIK3 branch of the regulatory cascade of biological reactions in cancer cells. In addition, metformin reduces the development of resistance in breast cancer cells, thus allowing active chemotherapy agents to act in synergism. However, further studies on the effect of metformin used alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens require a more adequate definition of proto-oncogenic mutations and somatic mutation load. However, it should be considered that more aggressive therapy of oncological diseases can be a nosocomial selector of more aggressive clones of the pool of tumor cells. The main questions are whether metformin can be a targeted drug for the treatment of tumor, whether it is appropriate to use it at the time when the manifestation of evolution disturbances of tumor cell is minimal and homogeneity is maximal.

Exploring the Use of YouTube as a Pathology Learning Tool and Its Relationship With Pathology Scores Among Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study.

YouTube is considered one of the most popular sources of information among college students. This study aimed to explore the use of YouTube as a pathology learning tool and its relationship with pathology scores among medical students at Jordanian public universities. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included second-year to sixth-year medical students from 6 schools of medicine in Jordan. The questionnaire was distributed among the students using social platforms over a period of 2 months extending from August 2022 to October 2022. The questionnaire included 6 attributes. The first section collected demographic data, and the second section investigated the general use of YouTube and recorded material. The remaining 4 sections targeted the participants who used YouTube to learn pathology including using YouTube for pathology-related content. As of October 2022, 699 students were enrolled in the study. More than 60% (422/699, 60.4%) of the participants were women, and approximately 50% (354/699, 50.6%) were second-year students. The results showed that 96.5% (675/699) of medical students in Jordan were using YouTube in general and 89.1% (623/699) were using it as a source of general information. YouTube use was associated with good and very good scores among the users. In addition, 82.3% (575/699) of medical students in Jordan used YouTube as a learning tool for pathology in particular. These students achieved high scores, with 428 of 699 (61.2%) students scoring above 70%. Most participants (484/699, 69.2%) reported that lectures on YouTube were more interesting than classic teaching and the lectures could enhance the quality of learning (533/699, 76.3%). Studying via YouTube videos was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR] 3.86, 95% CI 1.33-11.18) and lower odds (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.8) of achieving higher scores in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system courses, respectively. Watching pathology lectures on YouTube was related to a better chance of attaining higher scores (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.08-3.57). Surprisingly, spending more time watching pathology videos on YouTube while studying for examinations corresponded with lower performance, with an OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.82). YouTube may play a role in enhancing pathology learning, and aiding in understanding, memorization, recalling information, and obtaining higher scores. Many medical students in Jordan have positive attitudes toward using YouTube as a supplementary pathology learning tool. Based on this, it is recommended that pathology instructors should explore the use of YouTube and other emerging educational tools as potential supplementary learning resources.

Can YouTube be used as a source of information for swallowing disorders in individuals with dementia?

Objectives: This study aimed to examine YouTube video content as a general source of information about dysphagia in individuals with dementia. Materials and Methods: In this study, videos about dysphagia in individuals with dementia uploaded to the YouTube platform on June 4, 2023, were analyzed using the keywords “swallowing in dementia,” “swallowing disorders in dementia,” and “dysphagia in dementia.” Modified DISCERN was used to assess the reliability of the videos, the Global Quality Scale to assess their quality, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria to assess their transparency, and the Video Power Index to calculate their popularity. Twenty-four videos uploaded between October 21, 2009, and October 31, 2022 were included in the final content analysis. Results: Speech and language therapists/pathologists (SLPs) uploaded 54.17% of the videos, 37.50% were uploaded by non-SLP health workers, and 8.33% were uploaded by other individuals. Global Quality Scale scores were positively correlated with JAMA and video duration and negatively correlated with the number of days elapsed. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration, number of views, number of likes, comments, and JAMA mean scores among video sources (SLP vs. non-SLP health workers; p<0.05). Conclusion: The number of videos about swallowing and swallowing disorders in individuals with dementia on YouTube is low; popularity does not reflect high quality, reliability, or competence. Therefore, health professionals working in this field, such as speech-language pathologists, neurologists, and otolaryngologists, should increase the number of informative and guiding videos and ensure that videos that are considered accurate are communicated to the patient and caregiver/relative.

Exploring the training of pharmacists oriented to the demands for clinical pharmacy services: from the perspective of physicians

BackgroundTo evaluate physicians’ perceptions, experiences and expectations of clinical pharmacists in China from the perspective of physicians’ demands, to improve the training of pharmacists.MethodsA cross-sectional survey involving physicians (except for primary physicians) was conducted from July to August 2019 in China. Using a field questionnaire, this study gathered data on descriptive information about the respondents and their perceptions, experiences and expectations of clinical pharmacists. Data were analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and mean. Several subgroup analyses using Chi-square tests were conducted to identify physicians’ demands for clinical pharmacists in China.ResultsA total of 1376 physicians from secondary and tertiary hospitals in China (response rate = 92%) participated. The majority of the respondents were comfortable with clinical pharmacists providing education to patients (59.09%) and detecting and preventing prescription errors (60.17%), but they appeared uncomfortable when asked about clinical pharmacists suggesting the use of prescription medications to patients (15.71%). Most respondents agreed that clinical pharmacists are a reliable source of general drug information (81.84%) instead of clinical drug information (79.58%). The majority of the respondents expected clinical pharmacists to be knowledgeable drug therapy experts (95.56%) and to educate their patients about the safe and appropriate use of medications (95.56%).ConclusionPhysicians’ perceptions and experiences were positively associated with the frequency of their interaction with clinical pharmacists. They had high expectations of clinical pharmacists as knowledgeable drug therapy experts. Corresponding policies and measures are needed to improve the education and training system of clinical pharmacists in China.

YouTube® in Spanish as an information source for patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Introduction and aimA large number of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AH) seek information about their disease on the Internet. The reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of said information in Spanish has not been studied. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of the information about AH on YouTube®. MethodsAn analytic observational study evaluated videos in Spanish about AH available on YouTube®, describing their general characteristics, viewer engagement, and information sources. Standardized tools were utilized to analyze reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness, and overall quality (Global Quality Score [GQS]). ResultsOne hundred videos were included, 93% of which provided information from healthcare professionals (group 1), and 7% of which reflected patient opinions (group 2). There were differences in the median reliability (DISCERN 4 vs 2, p ≤ 0.05) and comprehensiveness (4 vs 2, p ≤ 0.05) scores between groups, but equal overall quality (GQS 3 vs 2, p = 0.2). Reliability (DISCERN 4; RIC 3–4) and comprehensiveness (4.5; IQR 3–5) were higher in videos by professional organizations, compared with those by independent users, healthcare information websites, and for-profit organizations (DISCERN 3; IQR 2.5–3.5) (p < 0.001). Reliability (DISCERN 2; IQR 1.5–3), comprehensiveness (2; IQR 1.5–2.5), and quality (GQS 2.5; IQR 1.5–3.5) were lower for videos made by for-profit organizations. ConclusionThe majority of videos about AH in Spanish on YouTube® have good reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Videos created by academic organizations had higher scores, thus their collaboration, with respect to patient opinion videos, is suggested.

YouTube® en español como fuente de información para pacientes con hepatitis autoinmune

IntroductionA large number of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AH) seek information about their disease on the internet. The reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of said information in Spanish has not been studied. AimOur aim was to describe the characteristics of the information about AH on YouTube®. MethodsAn analytic observational study evaluated videos in Spanish about AH available on YouTube®, describing their general characteristics, viewer engagement, and information sources. Standardized tools were utilized to analyze reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness, and overall quality (Global Quality Score [GQS]). ResultsOne hundred videos were included, 93% of which provided information from healthcare professionals (group1), and 7% of which reflected patient opinions (group2). There were differences in the median reliability (DISCERN: 4 vs 2, P≤.05) and comprehensiveness (4 vs 2, P≤.05) scores between groups, but equal overall quality (GQS 3 vs 2, P=.2). Reliability (DISCERN: 4; IQR: 3-4) and comprehensiveness (4.5; IQR: 3-5) were higher in videos by professional organizations, compared with those by independent users, healthcare information websites, and for-profit organizations (DISCERN: 3; IQR: 2.5-3.5; P<.001). Reliability (DISCERN: 2; IQR: 1.5-3), comprehensiveness (2; IQR; 1.5-2.5), and quality (GQS: 2.5; IQR: 1.5-3.5) were lower for videos made by for-profit organizations. ConclusionThe majority of videos about AH in Spanish on YouTube® have good reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Videos created by academic organizations had higher scores, thus their collaboration, with respect to patient opinion videos, is suggested.

LncRNA-NEAT1 inhibits the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer through spongy miR-146b-5p/traf6

ABSTRACT To investigate the inhibitory effect of LNCNA-NEA1 on pancreatic cancer development and progression via spongiosa miR-146b-5p/TRAF6, 60 pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected as a general source of information. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of NEAT1 in cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell were used to determine the effect of LNCNA-NEA1 on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1). The results of dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that nea 1 could target and regulate the expression of spongy miR-146b-5p/TRAF6, and reducing the expression of spongy miR-146b-5p/TRAF6 could reverse the inhibitory effects of nea 1-siRNA on proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, it was concluded that knockdown of nea 1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by upregulating the level of miR-146b-5p/TRAF6, and the expression of lnc RNA-nea 1 could be used as an indicator for preoperative diagnosis and postoperative prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.

Risk factors and control of hospital acquired infections: a comparison between Wikipedia and scientific literature

Background: nowadays Wikipedia is one of the main on-line sources of general information. It contains several items about nosocomial infections and their prevention, together of items on virtually every scientific topic.&#x0D; This study aims to assess whether Wikipedia can be considered a reliable source for professional updating, concerning Healthcare-associated Infections (HAI).&#x0D; Methods: Wikipedia has been searched in order to gather items on HAI. 387 items were found with a search string. The field of research was reduced at those articles (27 items) containing exhaustive information in relation to prevention of HAI. The messages contained in those articles were than compared with the recommendations of a selected guideline (NICE 2003), completed by a literature search, with the aim of testing their reliability and exhaustivity.&#x0D; Results: 15 Wiki items were found and 51 messages selected. NICE guidelines contained 119 recommendations and 52 more recommendations has been found in a further literature search. 45.1% of Wikipedia’s messages were even found in the guidelines. On this percentage, 21.6% completely agreed with the messages of the guidelines, 15.7% partially agreed, 3.9% disagreed and 3.9% showed different level of evidence in different articles. Moreover, 54.9% of Wikipedia’s messages were not included in the guidelines and 84.2% of the recommendations contained in the guidelines were not present in Wikipedia.&#x0D; Conclusions: Wikipedia should not be considered as a reliable source for professional updating on HAI.

Sudanese Medical Doctors' Perceptions, Expectations, Experiences and Perceived Barriers Towards the Roles of Clinical Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeInterprofessional collaboration between physicians and clinical pharmacists has been shown to improve patients’ outcome by reduce medical errors, costs and patient adherence. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the medical doctors’ perceptions, expectations, experiences, and perceived barriers regarding clinical pharmacists in Wad Medani.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at five major hospitals in Wad Medani, between April and June 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among 178 physicians. The questionnaire consists of four sections, in addition to a demographic section. These four sections measure physicians’ perceptions, expectations, experience, and perceived barriers.ResultsA total of 178 physicians were enrolled in the study. Physicians were comfortable with clinical pharmacists detecting and preventing prescription errors (55.1%); providing patient education (56.3%). Generally, physicians had high expectations with agreement rate of all the items ranged from 51.7% to 85.4%. Most physicians (79.8%) agreed that clinical pharmacists were a reliable source of general and clinical drug information. 64.0% and 59.0% of physicians perceive the unclear responsibility of clinical pharmacists and the lack of physicians’ experience with clinical pharmacists were barriers that can hinder clinical pharmacists’ contributions, respectively.ConclusionPhysicians had positive perceptions, expectations, and experiences with clinical pharmacists, and pointed out some barriers clinical pharmacists face. It was suggested that hospitals should recruit more clinical pharmacists to cover each unit within the hospital with clear job description and provide them CPD.

Medical information seeking practices among medical students in Kenya: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Purpose: Many medical schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have adopted a problem-based learning (PBL) approach. PBL requires medical students to independently access and correctly interpret medical information. There is paucity of information on how students in LMICs retrieve medical information and apply Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) principles. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among medical students in their clinical years at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM), a large medical school in Kenya between August and November 2016.Results: Authors analyzed results of 206 clinical year medical students at MUSOM (response rate of 84%). Standard textbooks (47.8%) and lecture slides (20.9%) were the most preferred sources of general medical information. Medscape®, a free mobile medical information application, was the most utilized drug information source. Sources which directly link to primary biomedical literature such as PUBMED and HINARI were used by 14.1% and 7.8% of students respectively. A quiz testing key clinical epidemiology concepts was also performed with a mean score of 49% (SD, 23.8).Conclusion: There is preference for standard textbooks. Low scores on the clinical epidemiology quiz, coupled with most students endorsing limited understanding of key EBM concepts emphasizes the need for broader EBM training.

Influence of data disclosures on physician decisions about off-label uses: findings from a qualitative study

BackgroundPrescribing approved products for unapproved uses (off-label use) is not uncommon among physicians in certain medical specialties. Available evidence about an off-label use – both supportive and unsupportive – can influence prescribers’ decisions about a drug’s appropriateness for a particular case. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine physician perceptions about off-label uses generally, including their awareness of unsupportive data; and (2) to explore the influence of disclosure information about unsupportive data on off-label prescribing decisions.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2019 and January 2020 with oncologists (n = 35) and primary care physicians (n = 35). Interviews explored general prescribing practices, understanding of and information sources for learning about off-label use of prescription drugs, awareness of unsupportive data related to off-label uses, and preferences and reactions to disclosure statements about the existence of unsupportive data related to an off-label use.ResultsMost participants reported prescribing drugs for off-label uses (with half reporting regular off-label prescribing). However, among those who prescribe off-label, approximately two-thirds had never seen unsupportive data about off-label uses. Physicians preferred a disclosure statement that provided a summary of the unsupportive data about the off-label use; this statement also led most physicians to say they were unlikely or less likely to prescribe the drug for that use.ConclusionsThis study suggests that physicians’ decision-making about prescribing for off-label uses of approved drugs may be influenced by awareness of unsupportive data. Our interviews also suggest that providing more information about unsupportive study findings may result in a reduction in reported prescribing likelihood.

Strong deviation theorems for general information sources

Strong deviation theorems for general information sources

SURVEY PERILAKU PENANGGULANGAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 PADA TATANAN KELUARGA PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DAN KEBIDANAN

Corona virus (SARS-cov-2), is a disease called Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). The behavior of the community towards the prevention of Covid-19 is still low, which is thought to play a role in the increase in cases from time to time. The role of the community is urgently needed to suppress the transmission of Covid-19. The general public, in this case the D-three students of Midwifery and Nursing at the Medan Ministry of Health Poltekkes, need to disseminate information on the transmission of Covid-19. Surveys on student behavior can play a role in socializing the prevention of Covid-19 transmission. This study aims to determine the description of student behavior towards the prevention of Covid-19 transmission in the family setting. The research method with a survey, identifies the characteristics of the D-three Nursing and Midwifery students and their behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) towards the prevention of Covid-19 in the family setting. Data collection from March to May 2020. The population is D-three students in Midwifery and Nursing with a total of 595 respondents. The research procedure was carried out by collecting data through google forms such as student characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, place of residence, level/class), behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) regarding overcoming Covid-19 prevention efforts in the family setting. The results of the study: 97.6% of the information regarding the prevention of Covid-19 transmission, the general source of information was through social media, 85.8%, 68.1% of respondents with good knowledge, 79.4% strongly agree, do prevention 68.9%, and in the family setting the attitude of the family strongly agrees 69.6%. There needs to be further learning for students about infectious disease pandemics in the community, especially the prevention of Covid-19 transmission in the family and community settings.

A profile of the health information seeker in Chile: Introducing the Chilean health information environments (EIS) survey

AbstractIn recent years, many countries have sought to assess health information acquisition among their populations. The Health Information Environments (Entornos de Información de Salud; EIS) survey is the first systematic and representative study that addresses access and use of health information in Chile. Modeled after the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), the survey included measures of general health information acquisition, source trust, and health behaviors, with a special focus on physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking cessation. The EIS survey was applied face‐to‐face in Santiago, the capital of Chile, between December 2020 and February 2021 in a sample of 1411 individuals older than 24 years. In this paper, we present the main sections of the EIS questionnaire, the application procedure, response rates, and sample characteristics. Additionally, we used EIS data to present a profile of health information seekers in Chile.

قياس وتطوير قدرات ومهارات أعضاء هيئة التدريس ومنسوبي المكتبة المركزية على البحث في مصادر قواعد المعلومات الإلكترونية المتخصصة والعامة دراسة تطبيقية على جامعة الطائف بالحوية

The research problem focuses on the adequacy of the training programs of the Taif University staff for searching into the principles of the sources of electronic information. Its significance lies in the fact that it is the first research attempt into the impact of this training on the ability of the University and the Central Library staff to utilize the principles of sources of specific and general electronic information that are available at the Central Library in Al-hawiyya.&#x0D; The research is based on a descriptive and statistical approach. The results show that the Electronic Website of the University is one of the most important tools through which the researched group has access to the electronic services of the Library, which means that this gate is an important electronic medium. It also shows that a significant number of them are sensitized about the availability of these services through their colleagues, which points to the weak communication activity of the library to create awareness about its services of the Electronic Library. Moreover, most of the sample groups do not have an account in the library and even those who have accounts do not have the required skills to use it. This is so because most of them did not participate in the training programs which were organized by the Dean Faculty.&#x0D; The results also show the order of the benefits that the utilizers of the Electronic Library generate from its services, the most important of which is the support they gain for scientific research and academic publications. The researcher has made a number of recommendations indicating the vital role of training sessions for the library staff and high academic qualification and awareness programs of the Library services through all its branches in the different regions and girls campus as well as through mobile telephones.

Preparation of children for elective surgery and hospitalisation: A parental perspective.

Parents play a central role in the preparation of their child for hospitalisation and surgery. This research examined the parental perspective on educating their child for an elective admission to hospital for surgery. The study employed a qualitative descriptive design and sampled eight parents from a private hospital in Dublin, Ireland, prior to their child's discharge, after ear, nose and throat surgery. A thematic analysis revealed four themes: how parents educate themselves about surgery and hospital, factors influencing parent's decisions on the quantity of information to share, sources of education about hospitalisation and aspects of hospitalisation not discussed by parents. Findings indicated that although the internet was used as a general source of information, parents relied more on information provided by the hospital. Parents used their child's age, individual needs and level of autonomy to determine what information to communicate. Specific areas that parents found difficult to communicate included pain and fasting. This research highlights the need for hospitals to invest and support the delivery of parental education for children prior to surgery. Clarification of the children's nurses' role in the development, implementation and evaluation of education programmes that support education delivery in the home by parents is also warranted.

General perceptions and information sources of people in Turkey in the process of Covid-19 outbreak

This study is an attempt to define and explain the main information sources people applied to access more information during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Based on the findings of the field study, the study also aims to reveal the general perception of Turkish people towards the outbreak. According to the findings of the survey, conducted on 6021 people over 18 years old in 26 provinces in Turkey, people living in these provinces rely on information provided by the official authorities mostly and their perception towards the outbreak changed significantly both by the perceived proximity of the Covid-19 threat and flow of reliable information.

A new measure to understand the role of science in US Congress: lessons learned from the Legislative Use of Research Survey (LURS).

There is growing interest in and recognition of the need to use scientific evidence to inform policymaking. However, many of the existing studies on the use of research evidence (URE) have been largely qualitative, and the majority of existing quantitative measures are underdeveloped or were tested in regional or context-dependent settings. We are unaware of any quantitative measures of URE with national policymakers in the US. Explore how to measure URE quantitatively by validating a measure of congressional staff's attitudes and behaviors regarding URE, the Legislative Use of Research Survey (LURS), and by discussing the lessons learned through administering the survey. A 68-item survey was administered to 80 congressional staff to measure their reported research use, value of research, interactions with researchers, general information sources, and research information sources. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on each of these five scales. We then trimmed the number of items, based on a combination of poor factor loadings and theoretical rationale, and ran the analyses on the trimmed subscales. We substantially improved our model fits for each scale over the original models and all items had acceptable factor loadings with our trimmed 35-item survey. We also describe the unique set of challenges and lessons learned from surveying congressional staff. This work contributes to the transdisciplinary field of URE by offering a tool for studying the mechanisms that can bridge research and policy and shedding light into best practices for measuring URE with national policymakers in the US.