General Factor Of Personality Research Articles

Using conformity and social ability to predict the general factor of personality

Personality traits covary to produce a higher-order trait labeled the general factor of personality or GFP. The GFP appears to reflect a mixture of response bias and social-effectiveness. In the current study data from the Oregon Youth Study (N = 206) is used to test the possibility that the GFP is also due to normative conformity. Results showed that although conformity did account for a significant amount of variance in the GFP, response bias and social-effectiveness were stronger predictors. Additionally, exploratory analyses showed that individuals with high levels of initially measured social-effectiveness in late childhood and a stronger slope indicating increased social-effectiveness throughout adolescent development had a higher GFP as measured in early adulthood. Additional research using improved measures of conformity is recommended.

The General Factor of Environmental Sensitivity: Relationships with the General Factor of Personality.

Environmental sensitivity is a meta-concept that describes individual differences in susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences and has been repeatedly reported to correlate with other established personality traits, including the Big Five. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the general factor of environmental sensitivity (GFS) and the general factor of personality (GFP). A total of 1,046 adult participants (52% female; Mage = 45.15, SDage = 12.70) completed a self-report psychological questionnaire on an online form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GFS had a strong negative correlation with GFP (r = -.41, 95% CI [-.52, -.30], p < .001). Focusing on the relationship with the Big Five, individuals with higher environmental sensitivity were emotionally unstable and introverted. The trait of environmental sensitivity may be described not only in relation to the Big Five but also in relation to GFP, which is assumed to be an indicator of social effectiveness.

High Jewish General Factor of Personality In a British Sample

High Jewish General Factor of Personality In a British Sample

The general factor of personality as a female-typical trait

General factor of personality (GFP) is a central concept in personality and individual differences. Various scholars have suggested that GFP is an indicator of social effectiveness, emotional intelligence, or slow life history. Because women have advantage over men in all three, women should have higher levels of GFP than men regardless of its true nature. Analyses of the National Child Development Study in the UK (Study 1; n = 17,419) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health in the US (Study 2; n = 20,745) confirmed the hypothesis. Women had substantially higher levels of GFP than men did in both nations. Study 3 made the first attempt to extract a macrolevel GFP (the Big Big One) from aggregate data (mean Big Five personality factors in US states). The macrolevel GFP was also a female-typical trait, being significantly correlated with the proportion female in the state samples. The results from all three studies show that GFP is a female-typical trait.

The fundamentals of Indian personality: An investigation of the big five.

The Big Five model is a well-accepted model of personality but there is scant research on the factor structure of personality from Asian populations. It is unclear whether the Big Five personality model can account for cross-cultural variation in personality structures. To explore the factor structure of personality by analyzing the Big Five personality factors in a sample from Karnataka, South India. This was a cross-structural observational study conducted in Udupi and Mangalore. 400 community participants (200 women) from diverse socio economic backgrounds were recruited for the study and were assessed on either an English or Kannada version of the BFI-2-S. The reliability of the translated version of BFI-2-S was established. Exploratory factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation and Kaiser Normalization was carried out. Factor Analysis revealed a four-factor and a five-factor solution that varied distinctly from the original Big Five. None of the identified factors fit into the original five factors. The four-factor solution explained 36.86% of the variance and the five-factor solution explained 41.74%. The five factors were named as - Social Effectiveness, Interpersonal Ability, Altruism, Emotional Instability, and Innovativeness. The translated tool showed good temporal stability. The Five factors identified in the present study differ from the Big Five model or the General Factor of Personality. This raises questions about the cross-cultural validity of the Big Five model as well as highlighting the need to adopt more culturally adaptive methods of assessing personality.

The general factor of personality and moral hypocrisy: A moderated mediation model

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the general factor of personality (GFP) and moral hypocrisy, the mediating effect of moral disengagement, and the moderating effect of system justification. Six hundred and four Chinese college students (59.9% female, Mage = 22.58, SD = 1.81) completed questionnaires assessing their personality and the levels of moral disengagement and system justification. The moral situation assessment paradigm was used to measure interpersonal moral hypocrisy (i.e., moral double standards). The task assignment paradigm was used to measure intrapersonal moral hypocrisy (i.e., misalignment between words and deeds). The results revealed that the GFP was negatively associated with moral hypocrisy, and moral disengagement mediated this relationship. In addition, this mediating effect of moral disengagement was moderated by system justification. That is, the mediation effect was stronger for students with a higher level of system justification. These findings provide educational suggestions for preventing and intervening in moral hypocrisy among college students.

Self-Contained Special Educators’ Perceptions toward Including Students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities in General Education Classes

ABSTRACT Teachers’ perceptions play a critical role in defining and giving meaning to new initiatives and policies in schools. However, very little is known about the perceptions of self-contained special educators responsible for students with significant cognitive disabilities (SCD) pertaining to the inclusion of students with SCD in general education classes and how those perceptions impact educational programming. In this qualitative study, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 special educators responsible for students with SCD who taught in self-contained classes within traditional public schools. The interview was designed to explore special educators’ perceptions pertaining to including students with SCD in general education classes and possible personal and environmental factors that may influence their perceptions. The findings suggest that self-contained special educators responsible for students with SCD are tentatively supportive of including their students in general education classes. However, several factors (e.g., lack of support, student abilities and skills, general educator attitudes) and reservations appeared to impact special educators’ decision-making pertaining to including their students with SCD in general education classes.

The General Factor of Personality (GFP) is associated with higher salary, having a leadership position, and working in a social job

Previous studies have suggested that a general factor exists at the top of the hierarchal structure of personality. One interpretation of this General Factor of Personality (GFP) is that it reflects social effectiveness. Accordingly, in a large employee sample (N = 1267), we tested whether the GFP relates to several outcomes assumed to be linked with social effectiveness. Specifically, we examine whether the GFP is positively related to salary and to obtaining a leadership position. Additionally, we test whether high-GFP employees more often work in social occupations. Controlling for demographics and background variables, it was found that the GFP is indeed positively related to monthly (gross) salary. Moreover, employees occupying leadership positions in organizations scored higher on the GFP. GFP scores of employees in more social occupations (e.g., education, health care) were higher than of employees in other types of jobs (e.g., construction). GFP scores were also positively associated with the extent to which one has to relate to others in the job. Overall, the pattern of findings is in line with the notion of the GFP as relating to social effectiveness or adaptiveness, which are assumed to play a significant role in occupational outcomes.

Ресурсы жизнеспособности горожан: опыт сравнения двух городов

The relevance of the study is due to the identification of unique and universal viability resources of the Moscow and Surgut residents. The purpose of the research is to study the viability resources of Moscow and Surgut citizens. The study hypothesizes that there are general and unique personal and environmental factors for both cities that ensure the viability of their residents. The study was carried out on a sample of respondents aged 18–75 (N = 644) living in the two cities: Moscow (n = 359) and Surgut (n = 285). The applied methods include the “Identificationwith-the-City Scale” (M. Lally) used to identify the perception of the advantages of the city, general attachment to it, connection with the city past and orientation to it in the future. Moreover, the authors used the original questionnaires aimed at the identification of the citizens’ responsibility and their willingness to participate in the city life (T. V. Drobysheva); analysis of the emotional characteristics of the city future “Semantic differential” (T. V. Dr obysheva, S. V. Tarasov); a set of questions that reveal socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The research results demonstrate that there are some factors of the urban environment that reduce the citizens’ viability. These factors are common to both cities. In addition, in the Moscow sample, the experience of stress is mostly associated with external factors, while in the Surgut sample it is connected with the quality of life. The study has revealed differences in the socio-psychological resources of the citizens’ vitality: in the level of urban identity, in the type of responsibility (external for the Muscovites and internal for the Surgut residents), in readiness for various types of activity, in the image of the future city, and in the use of environmental resources. The resources of the Muscovites’ viability are based on a high level of their urban identity, on delegating responsibility for the city state to the authorities, and on a positive image of future life in the city. The Surgut residents rely on their self-confidence and feel responsible for the city state. An important viability resource for them is their willingness to take actions in the interest of the city and their tendency for active use of urban recreational resources. It is recommended to develop urban programs to attract interested citizens to planning city innovations in both cities.

General Factor of Personality and Its Relationship with the Dark Triad and Social Intelligence in Slovenian Adolescents.

The general factor of personality (GFP) represents the shared variance between personality traits that yield social adjustment and acts as a core personality disposition. In the present study, the existence of GFP in a sample of 249 Slovenian adolescents aged 15–19 years was investigated, and the relationship between GFP, the Dark Triad, and social intelligence was researched. The study used three self-report questionnaires to measure the Big Five, the Dark Triad, and three dimensions of social intelligence. It was found that, in adolescents, GFP exists (although in a somewhat different composition than in previous studies) and is negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy and positively correlated with social skills and social awareness. GFP acts as a significant positive predictor of all social intelligence dimensions, and Machiavellianism acts as a significant positive predictor of social information processing and social skills. It can be concluded that GFP and, to a certain extent, perhaps some manipulative tendencies positively predict how an individual functions in society. With these findings, the study contributes to the understanding of the (hierarchical) structure of personality and its association with behavior in social interactions, which is one of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence.

Advances in Personality-Based Leadership Research

In the present symposium we bring together advances in our understanding of the link between personality and leadership. The symposium includes four sets of studies, each highlighting a novel aspect of dispositional leadership research: (1) Dimitri van der Linden will discuss connection between the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and leadership; (2) Noam Keshet, Shaul Oreg, Yair Berson, Reinout de Vries, and Marcella Hoogeboom will present set of studies, based on the lexical approach for uncovering basic dimensions of leader personality; (3) Emma van Gerven, Annebel de Hoogh, Deanne den Hartog, and Frank Belschak will talk about leaders' narcissism and gender and their link to followers' task performance; and (4) Noga Sverdlik, Shaul Oreg, and Yair Berson will talk about the joint effect of leaders' power and benevolence values on follower-focused leader behavior and follower outcomes. Our discussant, Christian Resick, will help us integrate insights from these studies and facilitate our discussion of them. Leadership and Personality: The Case of the General Factor of Personality (GFP) Presenter: Dimitri Van Der Linden; Erasmus U. Basic Dimensions of Leader Personality: A Lexical Study Presenter: Noam Semy Keshet; Hebrew U. of Jerusalem Presenter: Shaul Oreg; Hebrew U. of Jerusalem Presenter: Yair Berson; McMaster U. Presenter: Reinout De Vries; U. of Amsterdam Presenter: Marcella Amg Hoogeboom; U. of Twente Leader Narcissism and Inconsistent Leader Behavior Presenter: Emma Van Gerven; Amsterdam Business School, U. of Amsterdam Presenter: Annebel H.B. De Hoogh; U. of Amsterdam Presenter: Deanne N. Den Hartog; U. of Amsterdam Presenter: Frank D. Belschak; U. of Amsterdam The Joint Effects of Contrasting Leader Values on Follower-Focused Leadership and its Outcomes Presenter: Noga Sverdlik; Ben Gurion U. of the Negev Presenter: Shaul Oreg; Hebrew U. of Jerusalem Presenter: Yair Berson; McMaster U.

Co-Evolution of the General Factor of Personality and the Big Five Factors: A Mathematical Model and Its Application to Methylphenidate

This study presents a generalization of a mathematical model, called the “bridge model” in Literature, to study the co-evolution or dynamical relationship between the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and the Big Five Factors (B5F) as a consequence of a stimulus. This generalization permits its application here to study such co-evolution after a dose intake of methylphenidate. On the one hand, a stimulus-response model, an integro-differential equation called the “response model,” predicts the short-term effects of a stimulus on the GFP and on the B5F. The fact that both the GFP and the B5F dynamics can be described by the response model is here referred as the “invariance principle.” On the other hand, the invariance principle leads to the derivation of the bridge model: a second order partial differential equation that relates every B5F to the GFP and time. The outcomes of both experimental designs permit the validation of the response model and of the new bridge model.

Measures of flow proneness mainly assess the general factor of personality

The hypothesis that the association between flow proneness and the Big Five personality traits is primarily at the level of the general factor of personality (GFP) was tested. By reanalyzing data from a previous study, and analyzing data collected from a convenience sample, support was found for the hypothesis. The results suggest that flow proneness may be an additional construct that could be added to the nomological network of constructs that are strongly associated with the GFP.

The Applied Relevance of the General Factor of Personality: Advancements in the Occupational and Clinical Context

The Applied Relevance of the General Factor of Personality: Advancements in the Occupational and Clinical Context

Antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories

Drawing from recognition‐based categorization and self‐fulfilling prophecy theory, the present study investigates antecedents and consequences of leaders’ implicit followership theories (LIFTs). Using latent variable modelling, in a sample of 230 leader‐follower dyads, we support our hypotheses that follower personality and in‐role behaviour influence LIFTs which, in turn, affect follower effort and performance. Specifically, we found that general factor of personality (GFP), including agreeableness, conscientiousness, extroversion, intellect, and emotional stability, positively predicted positive LIFTs and negatively predicted negative LIFTs. Furthermore, personality had an indirect effect on positive and negative LIFTs via active engagement and independent thinking behaviours respectively. With respect to outcomes, positive LIFTs indirectly impacted follower performance via effort. Contrary to our predictions, negative LIFTs also indirectly impacted follower performance via effort, despite showing a negative direct relationship with performance. Our comprehensive model reveals new insights on LIFTs and highlights the importance of educating both leaders and followers about LIFTs.Practitioner points Managers should be cognizant of the follower traits and behaviours that influence their expectations of followers and be mindful of the potential harm done by negative expectations. Followers should be mindful of the way they engage with their leaders, especially when it comes to independent thinking behaviours which may be construed as rude or overly critical. Finally, organizations should encourage leaders and followers to discuss implicit expectations as this may resolve misinterpretations of behaviour and negative attributions of performance.

Initial adherence by psychiatric outpatients in a general hospital and relevant personal factors

BackgroundInitial adherence is a predictor of long-term adherence and thus is a crucial metric to explore and support. This study aimed to investigate initial adherence by psychiatric outpatients and relevant personal factors.MethodsThe study surveyed psychiatric outpatients using a 30-day timely return visit rate (TRVR) after the first visit to indicate initial adherence. All participants agreed to engage in the self-designed survey and assessments of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Clients who missed timely return visits received telephone follow-up to determine the main reasons.ResultsThe overall TRVR was 59.4, and 40.6% of clients missed return visits. Logistic regression analysis revealed risk factors for initial adherence were work, tense family atmosphere, negative attitudes towards medication, higher EPQ psychoticism score, and lower SCL-90 phobic anxiety score. The main reasons given for non-timely return visits were improvement suggesting lack of need for a return visit, various barriers, no improvement, and side effects.ConclusionPsychiatric outpatients had poor initial adherence related to multiple dimensional factors, including job, family, personality characteristics, mental status, and thoughts about mental illness and treatments.

Self-assessed intelligence, objective intelligence and the higher-order structure of personality

The way people assess their own level of intelligence might have important consequences for many life domains. In two studies (Ns = 232 and 237) we examined the association between self-assessed and objective intelligence and the higher-order structure of personality: two metatraits, Plasticity and Stability, and the General Factor of Personality (GFP). The most consistent finding was the positive association between intelligence (self-assessed and objective) and Plasticity, which reflects Extraversion and Openness/Intellect. Plasticity is characterized by the tendency to explore and seek for novelty, which might theoretically link it with intelligence. People with high levels of the GFP perceived themselves as highly intelligent. We suggested that their beliefs might have various sources, such as actual cognitive ability as well as social desirability and agency associated with self-assessed intelligence. The metatrait of Stability was essentially unrelated to self-assessed and objective intelligence. Our research indicates that intelligence might be primary located close to Plasticity in the personality structure.

Prospective self- and informant-personality associations with inflammation, health behaviors, and health indicators.

Personality influences many aspects of the health process. It is unclear to what extent self- and informant-reports of the Big Five offer incremental validity for the prediction of inflammatory biomarkers and whether inflammation provides a unique pathway between personality and indicators of physical health, independent of health behaviors. Using data from older adults (N = 1,630) enrolled in the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study, we tested whether self- and informant-reported Big Five traits show unique associations with inflammation (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α). Further, we tested whether inflammation and health behaviors indirectly link personality to health-related quality of life, body mass index, and chronic disease burden using longitudinal mediation in a structural equation modeling framework. Self-reports, informant-reports, and general trait factors of personality predicted future inflammatory biomarker levels (unstandardized regression coefficients ranged -.08 to .07 for self, -.13 to -.10 for informants, and -.16 to -.11 for general). Additionally, all assessment methods of personality were associated with the indicators of physical health through biomarker and health behavior pathways. Effects were primarily found for conscientiousness and neuroticism; IL-6 and CRP were the biomarkers with the most indirect effects; and indirect paths overall emerged more frequently through health behaviors, but this varied by outcome. Self- and informant-reports provided unique predictive validity of inflammatory biomarkers. Findings highlight the benefits of using of multiple assessments of personality and the importance of examining multiple, distinct pathways by which personality might influence health to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship more fully. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Emerging leadership and the general factor of personality (GFP): A quasi-experimental test of an evolutionary prediction.

Emerging leadership and the general factor of personality (GFP): A quasi-experimental test of an evolutionary prediction.

Genetic and Environmental Architecture of Five Factor Model and Super-Factors: An Italian Twin Study.

No previous research explored the genetic and environmental structure of Big Five dimensions of personality and higher-order factors in a single twin study, except, in part, for just one study. We used the twin design to estimate the effects of genes and environment on both Five Factor model and related second- and third-order factors (i.e., Alpha [stability], Beta [plasticity], and GFP [general factor of personality]). We analyzed data from 314 adult twins (157 pairs: 83 monozygotic, 74 dizygotic; mean age: 52 years) enrolled in the Italian Twin Register. Participants underwent clinical and instrumental evaluations, and completed a 25-adjective list drawn from the Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF). We applied quantitative genetic models to unravel the sources of variation and covariation for the Big Five and higher-order factors. We found a similar etiological architecture across the different levels of analysis, with moderate to substantial non-additive genetic and unique environmental influences on all the personality traits, and no shared environmental contribution for any of them. We also detected significant genetic correlations for the Big Five dimensions and the Alpha and Beta super-factors. With some limitations, our results suggest that the etiological architecture of personality may be invariant to the factor level of analysis.