General Education Preservice Teachers Research Articles

예비일반교사의 통합교육 전문성 신장 관련 연구의 동향 분석

Objectives This study aimed to examine the research trends in domestic academic journals that provided activities to enhance professionalism in inclusive education for pre-service general education teachers over the recent 10 years. Methods A total of 51 studies included in the current analysis examined trends in domestic journals in terms of publication year, research types, professionalism of inclusive education, activities for the enhancement of professionalism, and participants. We compared the number of studies conducted for each variable over a 10-year period from 2013 to 2022, analyzing the quantity of research conducted in two 5-year intervals: from 2013 to 2017 and from 2018 to 2022. Results The main findings of the study are as follows. Compared to studies providing curriculum activities, studies providing non-curricular activities were more conducted. In relatively recent years, while the number and the proportion of research in the curriculum activities increased by one study and four percent, the number of research in the non-curricular activities increased by four studies, and proportion increased by 200%. Experimental studies were the most commonly used among research types. In terms of activities to enhance professionalism in inclusive education, perception and attitude were covered in about 90% of all studies, while knowledge and skills were covered in 25% and 17% of all studies, respectively. In terms of activities of professionalism, the curriculum activities were provided at a relatively higher proportion of 84% compared to 16% in the non-curricular activities. Overall, more studies targeting pre-service teachers(37%) and pre-service secondary school teachers(39%) were conducted than studies targeting pre-service elementary school teachers(19%). Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, we provided suggestions for future research, focusing on the areas with relatively less conducted.

Three Approaches to Using Mixed Reality Simulations for Teacher Preparation and Recruitment of Future Teachers

Mixed reality simulations have versatility in both the preparation as well as the recruitment of future teachers. We describe three approaches that have led to successful outcomes for general and special education preservice teachers, as well as in the recruitment of future teacher candidates from the high school level. First, we explored the use of TeachLivE™ to enhance special education teacher candidates’ behavior observation skills when conducting functional behavior assessments. Second, we studied the impact of different simulation methods on early childhood candidates’ preparedness to communicate with parents and caregivers about sensitive topics. Finally, we utilized TeachLivE™ as a recruitment tool to engage current high-achieving high school students in the teaching and reflection process as part of their on-campus dual credit program. In all cases, candidates and students valued the simulation experiences, recognizing the opportunity to deliver instruction in supportive environments with immediate feedback, coaching, and practice opportunities.

Examining the impact of disability studies in education-infused curriculum on attitudes towards inclusion in a U.S. secondary teacher education programme

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of Disability Studies in Education (DSE) aligned curriculum at a United States university on the attitudes of general education pre-service teachers toward inclusive practices. The study employed a pretest-posttest design to compare the attitudes of teacher candidates at the beginning and end of a course that focused on inclusive instruction. Findings indicate that the course positively influenced students’ attitudes towards inclusion, particularly in their affective beliefs. Students identified several DSE topics and their cooperating teachers as influential in shaping their inclusive attitudes. We discuss implications of the findings on the development of courses aimed at fostering inclusive attitudes and supporting teachers to navigate the tension between school practices and perspectives in DSE.

Preparing General Education Teachers to Include Students With Extensive Support Needs: An Analysis of “SPED 101” Courses

Students with extensive support needs (ESN) benefit from inclusion in general education settings with their same-age peers. Many teachers, however, report feeling overwhelmed and underprepared to effectively educate students with ESN within general education settings. To mitigate this, we must ensure that content related to the instruction and inclusion of students with ESN in general education settings is included in the introductory special education courses taken by preservice general education teachers, which we refer to as “SPED 101.” Our research team surveyed 302 instructors of SPED 101 courses in general education baccalaureate teacher preparation programs at institutions of higher education across the United States. Data suggest that most instructors cover content related to the instruction and the inclusion of students with ESN, although the extent to which content is addressed varies among instructors, indicating inconsistencies in course content, delivery, and instruction. Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.

Seeing the Unseen: Applying Intersectionality and Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) Frameworks in Preservice Teacher Education

Background/Context: This paper explores how intersectionality and DisCrit can be used as analytic tools to scaffold preservice teachers’ ability to see the ways in which referrals to and services within special education reproduce inequities as a function of race and perceptions of ability that are rooted in White, middle-class, able-bodied norms. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This qualitative study analyzes White preservice teachers’ understanding and application of intersectionality and DisCrit. Applying critical theoretical perspectives, preservice teachers engage in identifying instances of oppression in society and schools and naming the resulting harm to Black students and families. This paper focuses on the following research questions: How do White preservice teachers engage with critical frameworks intended to unearth the impacts of racism and ableism on Black students? What do their responses reveal about preservice teachers’ level of critical consciousness? Population/Participants/Subjects: Participants in this study were preservice general education teachers in the last semester of coursework of an intensive 12-month master’s program in secondary education at a large predominantly White Midwestern university. This study focuses on four self-identified White able-bodied and one White (dis)abled preservice teacher who represent exemplars of the types of engagement evidenced by preservice teachers within the course. Intervention/Program/Practice: The course that was the site of this study focused on preparing preservice teachers to teach and support Students Identified with (Dis)abilities in middle and high school classrooms. The first portion of the course focused on analyzing the history of racism and ableism in special education using critical frameworks. These class sessions provided preservice teachers with frameworks they could apply to their experiences at their school sites and language they needed to discuss racism and ableism. Research Design: This article reports on a qualitative case study of general education preservice teacher engagement with the critical frameworks of intersectionality and disability critical race theory (DisCrit) in a predominantly White teacher education program. Data Collection and Analysis: For the duration of the course, video recordings of whole group discussions and audio recordings of small group discussions were collected. Descriptive and in vivo coding were employed during the first level of coding to closely highlight participants’ perspectives that were rooted in their own language. The second level of analysis captured the content of the ideas expressed by preservice teachers when engaging and employing critical frameworks, and the third level of analysis captured preservice teacher engagement in ways that demonstrated either active adoption, quiet adoption, resistant engagement, or resistant deflection of course material. Findings/Results: There is a fluidity in which preservice teachers move through levels of engagement (active adoption, quiet adoption, resistant engagement, or resistant deflection) when explicitly taught critical frameworks to help them identify and disrupt inequity, in this case, racism and ableism in schools. For example, a preservice teacher may experience dissonance when there is misalignment between their previously held assumptions and new learning. At first, they may resist this knowledge and then adopt new perspectives over time. They may also go back and forth between resistance and adoption, or they may remain resistant throughout the course. Additionally, a preservice teacher may actively adopt course content and frameworks that align with their previous orientations and quietly or actively adopt new frameworks over time. Conclusions/Recommendations: Teaching critical frameworks is an important tool to understanding preservice teachers’ orientations toward inequity. Choosing critical frameworks that undergird teacher education courses supports the development of objectives that are antiracist/antiableist. It also provides teacher educators guidance in choosing materials/artifacts that will encourage preservice teachers to discuss the implications of those frameworks. Critical frameworks provide a method of helping preservice teachers see inequity that aspects of their privilege render invisible and provide an assessment tool for teacher educators to analyze preservice teachers’ orientations toward inequity and how this manifests in their orientation toward students of historically marginalized groups.

Integrating Assistive Technology Into a Teacher Preparation Program

Assistive technology (AT), a major source of adapted educational services, has been accepted as a valuable tool for students with disabilities in schools. Teacher readiness is a key factor in determining a student’s successful inclusion, but many general and special education teachers are not fully prepared to implement AT in schools. In this study, special and general education preservice teachers received introductory instruction on AT, including lecture, demonstration of AT devices, discussion, and hands-on experience, at the Assistive and Instructional Technology (AIT) Lab. After the AIT Lab orientation, preservice teachers in both special and general education responded with higher scores regarding their preparedness to implement AT and more positive perspectives toward AT. The results showed that the AIT orientation was particularly beneficial to general education preservice teachers in their preparation for implementing AT.

Understanding culturally responsive practices in teacher preparation: an avenue to address disproportionality in special education

ABSTRACT With the rapid increase of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds bringing a shift in the landscape in today’s schools, equity discourses continue to arise. For example, more than four decades of data have pointed towards the disproportionality (i.e. over- or -under-representation) of students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds in special education in the United States, Europe, and beyond. As a continuous problem, there have not been enough studies exploring the state of general education teacher preparation programs and pre-service teachers’ use of culturally responsive practices (CRP) within referral models for special education. Knowing that teacher preparation is a key formation period for practicing teachers’ beliefs and knowledge the current study examined pre-service teachers’ knowledge and skills of culturally responsive practices within pre-referral models in order to address equity issues in special education (e.g. service delivery). Results from a fully integrated mixed methods study showed to be contradictory as the rating of pre-service teachers’ perceived knowledge and skills of CRP and pre-referral models to be high but their work indicated otherwise. Implications for teacher preparation programs include more in-depth learning experiences on CRP, disabilities, and engaging in equity discourses as part of pre-service teachers’ preparation.

Training preservice general education teachers in response to intervention: A survey of teacher educators throughout the United States

Response to intervention (RTI) is an evidence-based approach to educational service delivery that is being increasingly adopted by schools across the country. To effectively implement RTI models, teachers require specialized training. Little is currently known, however, about the extent to which this training is being provided at the preservice level. The purpose of this survey study was to learn more about RTI-related training provided to preservice general educators in undergraduate elementary education programs. Respondents included 95 program directors of accredited college/university teacher education programs across the United States. Participants reported providing varying levels of didactic and applied training related to each of the six core components of RTI (i.e., multitiered service delivery, universal screening, progress monitoring, data-based decision making, evidence-based interventions, and fidelity of implementation). Although most teacher educators were familiar with the overall concept of RTI, over a third of respondents were not familiar with the core component of fidelity of implementation, and reported providing limited training opportunities in this area. Respondents also indicated whether preservice teachers in their programs receive training related to specific progress monitoring tools and evidence-based interventions. Implications for school psychologists, who frequently collaborate with teachers to implement RTI models, are discussed.

The mediating role of exclusionary school organizations in pre-service teachers’ constructions of inclusion

ABSTRACT In this article, we build on the extant literature documenting efforts to reform teacher education for inclusive education in the United States to demonstrate the complexity of preparing teachers to enact inclusive education given their own educational trajectories. We draw on qualitative data from a larger study on the nature and impact of an undergraduate course in inclusive education, providing an empirical analysis of the mediating role of general education pre-service teachers’ educational experiences in their constructions of inclusive education and its feasibility. Our data reveal how pre-service teachers’ educational experiences within school organisations configured by professionalisation and specialisation, worked to perpetuate and legitimate the separation of general and special education. We conclude by suggesting possible efforts to prepare educators for inclusive education.

특수교육학개론 수업을 통한 예비 일반교사의 통합교육, 교수적 수정 실행, 교사 효능감에 대한 인식 변화 및 관련성 분석

특수교육학개론 수업을 통한 예비 일반교사의 통합교육, 교수적 수정 실행, 교사 효능감에 대한 인식 변화 및 관련성 분석

Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge, Misconceptions and Gaps About Autism Spectrum Disorder

The inclusive education framework and the increase in autism diagnoses have led to an overwhelming challenge for pre-service teachers who need to be qualified to teach all children. To test the quality of their training, the main purpose of this study was to compare 866 pre-service teachers’ knowledge, misconceptions, and gaps about autism in their first and final year at university, using the Autism Knowledge Questionnaire. The results show that fourth-year students obtained higher levels of knowledge and fewer gaps than the first-year students, although they also had more misconceptions. Special education specialists obtained significantly more knowledge and fewer misconceptions than the general education pre-service teachers. Specific training and experience had a significant influence on the knowledge and gaps, but it had no influence on the number of misconceptions. These results suggest that university preparation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might not adequately train all future teachers.

Understanding the factors that shape dispositions toward students with disabilities: a case study of three general education pre-service teachers

ABSTRACTPresently, there is limited research that explores how the nature of pre-service teachers’ prior experience informs their dispositional development, and it has yet to be determined whether the pedagogical needs of these prospective teachers vary based on their level of prior exposure. This qualitative case study examines the dispositions of three pre-service teachers enrolled in a year-long graduate education programme in the United States and considers the role that prior experience plays in their dispositional development. Findings from this study reveal that participants’ dispositions appear to be affected more significantly by coursework and fieldwork than by prior experience, and the culture of the school plays a critical role in a pre-service teachers’ dispositional development. This study addresses gaps in current research by offering insight into the nuanced nature of pre-service teachers’ dispositional development.

Emirati General Education Pre-service Teachers’ Preparedness for Diversity in Inclusive Classrooms

<p>Today’s general education classrooms continue to become increasingly diverse. Educational<br />diversity and the high expectations for all learners have a profound impact on pre-service<br />teacher preparation. This paper explores Emirati general education pre-service teachers’<br />perception of preparedness to effectively instruct diverse learners including those with<br />exceptionalities. Individual and focus group interviews and student teaching internship<br />portfolios were used to examine Emirati pre-service teachers’ beliefs about their roles and<br />responsibilities in the diverse classrooms of today. Findings shed light on the impact of<br />teacher preparation on their perceived readiness, willingness, and abilities to meet the wide<br />range of learner needs through inclusive practices. Moreover, several areas presented<br />challenges to the pre-service teachers during their teaching practice. The study also identified<br />issues with current teacher preparation practices, program coordination or collaboration<br />efforts, and practicum experience necessary for pre-service teachers. Based on the findings,<br />recommendations for reassessing the content and structure of higher education teacher<br />preparation programs are discussed.</p>

Analysis of Instructor Teaching Experiences in an Introduction Course in Special Education for Pre-service General Education Teachers

Analysis of Instructor Teaching Experiences in an Introduction Course in Special Education for Pre-service General Education Teachers

The Attitudes of General Education Pre-Service Teachers Toward The Inclusion Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of general education pre-service teachers toward the inclusion program. This study has a great interest to different stakeholders, coordinators, and third parties. This study was conducted as a collective case study. It also relied on constructivism, combined with interpretivism, focused on identifying the main attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs of the general education pre-services teachers. The participants in the study were two students from a western state university; each from a different culture. There were two face-to-face interviews conducted with each participant. The interviews were audio-taped and then transcribed. The result showed that both participants’ attitudes as general education pre-service teacher were positive toward the inclusion program and their perceptions and experiences with the inclusion program influenced their attitudes. الغرض من هذه الدراسة تحديد اهم الآراء والاتجاهات المواقف والتصورات والمعتقدات الخاصة بحالتين من طلاب السنة الأخيرة بالجامعة والذين يعدون في مرحلة ما قبل الخدمة التعليمية نحو برنامج الدمج. وقد أجريت هذه الدراسة کدراسة حالة جماعية. وهي تعتمد أيضا على البنائية، و التفسيرية. کان المشارکون في الدراسة طالبين من الولايات المتحدة الأمريکية و المملکة العربية السعودي. کلا من ثقافة مختلفة. کانت المقابلات بطريقة وجها لوجه. کما انه تم تسجيل المقابلات صوتيا ثم کتبتها لتوثيق جميع النقاط المهمة في المقابلة. کانت النتائج ايجابية المعلمون تجاه برنامج الدمج و توافق الآراء و التصور تجاه البرنامج من عدة محاور الديني و الثقافي و التعليمي.

Ten Years of Response to Intervention: Implications for General Education Teacher Preparation Programs

Despite the almost universal adoption of Response to Intervention (RTI) in school districts across the United States, recent research report feelings of inadequacy on the part of general education (GE) teachers. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine research focusing on the teaching, learning, implementation, and evaluation of RTI in GE teacher preparation during the last decade (2003–2013). A total of 10 publications were identified through electronic and hand searches. Results reveal a longstanding gap in the literature on how GE preservice teachers can understand and apply RTI in their classrooms. More studies and recommendations are needed to help GE preservice and in-service teachers use RTI effectively with struggling students.

The Attitudes of General Education Pre-Service Teachers toward the Inclusion Program

The Attitudes of General Education Pre-Service Teachers toward the Inclusion Program

General Education Pre-Service Teachers’ Levels of Concern on Response to Intervention (RTI) Implementation

Revisions to Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) proposed alternative models, such as Response to Intervention (RTI), as a preventive measure that supports students at risk. As teachers’ roles evolve in response to RTI, teacher preparation programs must adjust their focus and curriculum accordingly. A mixed-methods design was used to explore general education pre-service teachers’ concerns regarding the implementation of RTI based on the Concerns-Based Adoption Model. Results suggest pre-service teachers focused their concerns on feeling unprepared and not understanding how to effectively implement RTI. These implications may guide teacher preparation programs as they assess the readiness of their pre-service teachers to effectively implement RTI.

Pre-Service Foreign Language Teachers’ Attitudes of Privilege and Oppression

Over the past several years multicultural education has seen an increased attention in teacher preparation. However, little research exists that examines the attitudes of pre-service teachers related to white privilege. This study is a quantitative exploration of the attitudes of pre-service foreign language teachers on a variety of social issues related to oppression (i.e. sexism, heterosexism, white privilege, religion). Students in a secondary foreign language methods course (N=19) completed pre- and post-instruction questionnaires to determine the effect of an intervention and intentional discussion regarding white privilege and oppression on their attitudes towards these social issues. The mean test scores were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test which resulted in a significant change in attitudes regarding white privilege. Suggestion for further research includes determining the effect for general education pre-service teachers compared to Foreign Language teachers.

Analysis of the Images of Special Education Teachers Perceived by Pre-Service General Education Teachers

Analysis of the Images of Special Education Teachers Perceived by Pre-Service General Education Teachers