General Design Model Research Articles

Designing a Smartphone Application that Integrates Scientific Inquiry with Gamification Approach: Dr. Science Application as a Model

The current participation aims to review the researchers’ experience in designing an application for smartphones that presents scientific investigation in a fun form based on the general foundations of the gamification approach. The application was called (Dr. Science), which consists of three main sections: I learn, I am a genius, and I am exploring, focuses on 3 main aspects: The first section (I am learning section) focuses on structural gamification, and aims to raise the achievement level of students in an interesting way. The second section ( I am a genius ) , focuses on content gamification, and is based on the idea of raising the student’s achievement level through an interesting game that includes many Of adventures, the third section (I Explore) includes more than 40 scientific investigations for the fourth and eighth grades, and focuses on providing students with scientific investigation skills in conjunction with implementing scientific investigations at home or in the laboratory, in addition to formative evaluation for students. The current participation follows the descriptive approach in reviewing the application, and covers the most important stages of designing the application with the aim of sharing best practices in integrating technology into science teaching and learning. The process of preparing the application went through a number of stages, as the general model for educational design (ADDIE Moodle) was adopted, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The current project was applied to the fourth and eighth grades in the Sultanate of Oman, and it achieved positive results for science education. It also proved its effectiveness during the (COVID-19) pandemic, as the project was applied during the pandemic, and the researchers hope to expand the scope of the application to include grades (1-9) and include most of the educational objectives for the different academic stages in science. Keywords: gamification, mobile application, scientific investigation

Developing A General Building Design Model for Higher Education Facilities to Reduce Academic Stress Through A Mindfullness-Based Design Approach.

Teaching and learning activities at the higher education has causes academic stress experienced by students. In psychology, one way to deal with stress is through mindfulness practices that make users focus on their current condition, focus on the present, and can minimize the impact of stress and improve academic performance. The purpose of this study is to formulate criteria for mindfulness-based educational building facilities and then develop them in a partial design model that can be applied according to the respective design context. The research was conducted through literature review as the basis for model development through design by research. The results of the elaboration of the literature review on mindfulness and components of educational facility design show that a mindfulness-based design model can be developed by focusing on building mass design, human circulation network design, and landscape design.

The Impact of a Web-Based Restorative Dentistry Course on the Learning Outcomes of Dental Graduates: Pre-Experimental Study.

Restorative dentistry plays a crucial role in dental practice, necessitating professionals to stay abreast with the latest advancements in the field. The advancement of technology has made web-based learning a widely used method of education delivery in dentistry, providing learners with extensive information and flexibility. This study aims to evaluate how effective an online educational course in restorative dentistry is for dental graduates in Syria. This study used a pre-experimental study design, with pretest and posttest assessments to measure changes in participants' knowledge and skills. A total of 21 dental graduates completed the online course in restorative dentistry, which was hosted on Moodle, using the learning management system of the Syrian Virtual University. Participants were provided with a suggested learning sequence and had the flexibility to navigate the course on their own and at their own pace. The course was developed based on the principles of web course design and web-based course development using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) general instructional design model. The pretest and posttest assessments consisted of 50 multiple-choice questions with a single correct answer, aligning with the course content. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a course acceptance survey upon finishing the course. The results showed a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge of restorative dentistry, supported by a statistically significant P value of less than .05. The effect size of the difference between the pre and posttest indicated that the effect size, as indicated by ω2, demonstrated a significant 62.1% difference between the pre and posttest, indicating a high and statistically significant effect. Furthermore, the value derived from the Haridy obtained work ratio formula indicated that the educational program was effective, with an effectiveness amount of 3.36%. Additionally, 93% (n=19) of respondents expressed confidence in having gained the expected benefits from the educational course upon its completion. The findings indicated a notable enhancement in the participants' understanding of restorative dentistry. The participants' high satisfaction rate and positive feedback from the course acceptance survey further emphasize the favorable reception of the web-based learning approach. This study highlights the potential of web-based learning in dental education, opening the door for future research in this area. The findings of this study carry important implications for the design and implementation of web-based educational programs in dentistry, suggesting that such programs can serve as an effective tool for continuous professional development in the field.

Optimal design of the forced oscillation frequencies of the minimum surface shell on a circular contour consisting of two inclined ellipses under thermal and power loading

The problem of choosing the optimal design solution is a multi-purpose complex task, the solution of which requires taking into account a wide range of requirements for different stages of implementation. There are several levels of solving optimal design problems. The first level deals with general design models, including the main structural elements, taking into account the physical and geometric features of their behavior. This level can be called the "global" level of optimization. Due to the fact that the automated calculation of structures is impossible without the use of finite element models, and at the next "detailed" level, the parameters that make up this model (coordinates of nodes, physical and geometric properties of individual elements, etc.)
 The choice of a finite element model for optimal design is directly related to the complexity (the possibility of computer implementation) of the optimal design problem. To reduce the computational procedures associated with solving the problem of numerical analysis, an approach based on the approximation of system parameters (displacements, forces, frequencies, waveforms, etc.) can be used.
 The problem of forced oscillations for shells of minimal surfaces is solved by the finite element method using the Lagrange's variational principle. The potential and kinetic deformation energies of the shell of a minimal surface are defined in matrix form as the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of each finite element.
 The optimization algorithm for single-criterion parametric optimization is performed as follows: the objective function is the weight of the shell of the minimum surface on a circular contour consisting of two inclined ellipses, the design variables are the thickness of the shell, and the constraints are represented by the first forced vibration frequency. The results of changing the objective function are a decrease in the weight of the shell by 3050 kg of C240 steel, which is a percentage equivalent of 13.4% without loss of strength and stability of the shell of the minimum surface on a circular contour consisting of two inclined ellipses, which proves the effectiveness of the authors' methodology.

Configuration design of hybrid constellations with synchronous orbital precession based on rapid coverage analysis

This paper mainly deals with the configuration design of hybrid constellations for Earth discontinuous coverage. Firstly, a general design model of the hybrid constellation with synchronous orbital precession and multiple repeating ground tracks is developed. Then, to cope with the massive coverage calculation during the constellation design process, an analytical method for rapid coverage analysis of hybrid constellations is proposed. Finally, numerical examples are carried out, and several hybrid constellation design cases are proposed. Results indicate that the proposed coverage analysis method is demonstrated to be of high precision, and the designed hybrid constellations can achieve superior coverage performance compared with conventional Walker constellations. This research can be conducive to hybrid constellations design and Earth discontinuous coverage analysis.

Self‐Reporting Hydrogel Sensors Based on Surface Instability‐Induced Optical Scattering

Interest regarding the development of hydrogel sensors continues to grow due to the associated high sensitivity, fast response, low fabrication cost, and versatile application when responding to an analyte. The strategies for transducing these responses range from electrochemical to optical, often utilizing characterization equipment to measure the minute changes in the material. However, the costly nature of such equipment counteracts the original advantages of utilizing a hydrogel‐based sensor, rendering the overall system slow and inaccessible for many. Therefore, hydrogel sensors capable of self‐reporting values to the naked eye are needed. Here, a new light‐scattering‐based transduction method is explored—indiscriminately visible to the naked eye. By engineering the surface instability behavior of a hydrogel film, an exemplary design is developed using an anionic, pH‐responsive poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogel to self‐report the pH via subsequent buckling (i.e., its scattering of light). By modeling the behavior based on three system parameters (critical concentration, critical swelling ratio, and modulus), a general design model is produced to guide practical implementations of this instability‐induced scattering (IIS) sensor system. The viability of the IIS design model is exemplified through a proof‐of‐concept application to sensing urea, illustrating the modular and adaptable design of the presented transduction method.

Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes using data collected from 500 different household pit latrines already filled up. Thus, models were derived for different latrine pit shapes and sizes using data collected through the administration of designed questionnaire on 500 households having pit latrines already filled up. Models were developed specifically for different latrine shapes whereas those of other researchers were generalized. These models were calibrated and verified for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes. The regression coefficients for calibration were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50 and for verification are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99 for square, circular and rectangular pits respectively. The implication of this research is availability of design models for the construction of different pit latrine shapes.

Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes using data collected from 500 different household pit latrines already filled up. Thus, models were derived for different latrine pit shapes and sizes using data collected through the administration of designed questionnaire on 500 households having pit latrines already filled up. Models were developed specifically for different latrine shapes whereas those of other researchers were generalized. These models were calibrated and verified for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes. The regression coefficients for calibration were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50 and for verification are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99 for square, circular and rectangular pits respectively. The implication of this research is availability of design models for the construction of different pit latrine shapes.

Global buckling of S690 transversely-stiffened plate girders with slender webs: Behaviour and design

High-strength steels (HSSs) are now used globally in different structural applications because of their constructional and environmental merits. Though, investigations on HSS elements are still relatively limited. Herein, the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) response of laterally-unsupported plate girders with stiffened slender webs is explored considering steel S690, which is currently under extensive testing worldwide. This is done by the finite element (FE) modelling to provide numerical models that well simulate their actual behaviour. Accordingly, FE models are verified first through comparisons with available tests in the literature. After that, parametric analyses are generated to examine the effects of the geometrical characteristics of the cross-section (in terms of the effective radius of gyration for LTB (rT) and the elastic section modulus referred to compression flange (Sxc)) and the laterally-unsupported length on the behaviour and strength of these girders. The results show that by increasing the value of rT, computed as the radius of gyration about the minor-axis of the compression flange plus one-sixth of the web, the strength of the girders increase more efficiently compared with the relative increase in rT. On the other hand, while increasing the value of the section modulus Sxc is found to raise the strength of the girders, the increase in the strength has been relatively found to be less than the increase in the value of Sxc. Additionally, based on the current results, the girder slenderness parameter of 2.0 is found as the inelastic LTB limit of such girders built up with S690, from which the girders of larger slenderness become ineffective and better to be made of conventional normal-strength steels. Furthermore, the bending strengths are compared with the design models given by AISC, EC3-1-1 and AS4100. The results show that they provide highly conservative results, with the predictions of AS4100 yielding the best design values. However, enhancements to the design models are still possible to provide lighter girders under the same applied loads. Accordingly, EC3 general design model (provided in Clause 6.3.2.2) is modified by using buckling curve “a" instead of buckling curve “d".

Shear model mSM-c for slender reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement subjected to fatigue loads

Research on shear behaviour and shear capacity of reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement is always of particular interest, especially the development of a general model for design of shear capacity of various reinforced concrete members under different load actions. One of the recent solutions to this problem is the mechanical shear model mSM, previously developed by the author, which was derived exclusively based on mechanical principles and mathematical formulations. In this paper, an extend formulation of this model, named mSM-c, for members under cyclic loads is presented. In contrast to existing methods, the new approach considers the fatigue degradation of shear capacity on the material level, taking into account the mechanical properties of concrete in detail, including the tensile strength, the fracture energy and the bond between concrete and reinforcement. The model is extensively verified using the results of shear tests published by other authors. An evaluation of the experimental-to-calculated ratio Vexp/Vcal for a shear test database of 108 simply supported beams under concentrated loads using mSM-c yielded a mean value of 1.02 and a corresponding coefficient of variation of 11%, showing a notable improvement in prediction accuracy when compared to some existing shear models. In addition, an analysis of the fatigue shear capacity of concrete members included in the shear test database shows that fatigue creep of the bond between concrete and reinforcement reduces the shear capacity by about 3%.

ОБОБЩЕННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ДВУХКАТУШЕЧНОЙ СИНХРОННОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЙ МАШИНЫ ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ ВИБРОУДАРНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что силовые электрические импульсные системы, созданные на основе линейных электромагнитных машин ударного и виброударного действия, являются перспективными для применения в технологиях по интенсификации процессов, связанных с поиском, добычей и переработкой георесурсов. В вопросах энергосбережения особый интерес вызывают линейные синхронные электромагнитные машины возвратно-поступательного движения ударного и виброударного действия. Частота ударов бойка в данных машинах синхронно связана с частотой источника промышленной сети переменного тока. К главным достоинствам оборудования, использующего линейные синхронные электромагнитные машины ударного и виброударного действия, относится снижение потребления электрической энергии при работе в резонансных режимах или близких к резонансным режимам. Исследование данных режимов связано с построением точных динамических моделей различных модификаций синхронных электромагнитных машин ударного и виброударного действия, работающих исключительно в переходных режимах. Цель: разработать обобщенную математическую модель двухкатушечной синхронной машины с электромагнитным приводом для технологических систем виброударного действия, упрощающей процесс математического описания известных вариантов схем машин при проведении динамических расчетов. Методы: дифференциальные уравнения электрического равновесия и механического взаимодействия, поступательно движущихся масс, уравнение Лагранжа второго рода, методы конечно-элементного моделирования двухмерного магнитного поля и структурного моделирования в программе Matlab Simulink, сопоставление расчетных и экспериментальных характеристик. Результаты. Предложена обобщенная расчетная схема построения многомассовой двухкатушечной синхронной электромагнитной машины, включающая известные модификации вариантов схем машин ударного действия. На основе расчетной схемы образована система дифференциальных уравнений обобщенной модели, позволяющая выполнять построение математических моделей, отражающих динамическое состояние известных вариантов схем синхронных ударных машин с электромагнитным приводом. Приведен пример реализации динамической модели четырехмассовой двухкатушечной синхронной электромагнитной машины с упругим реверсом бойка. Приведены результаты имитационного моделирования рабочего режима в виде диаграмм тока катушек, перемещения и скорости бойка, отражающие процессы включения и выхода на квазиустановившийся режим работы. На основе сопоставления значений интегральных характеристик показано, что расхождение результатов расчета и эксперимента составляет 4…6 %, что не превышает общепринятой погрешности для инженерных расчетов. Эффективность применения предложенной обобщенной модели заключается в упрощении математического описания вариантов схем синхронных машин с электромагнитным приводом и сокращении сроков реализации моделей.

One universal method of complex system reliability, maintainability, supportability, testability quotas design and trade‐off based on improved flower pollination algorithm

AbstractFor modern complex system, quality has become a serious and difficult problem that restricts the generation of combat effectiveness. Withal, based on domestic and foreign research and analysis, this paper puts forward a trade‐off method for complex system reliability, maintainability, supportability, testability (RMST) design, which is suitable for product design stage. First, aiming at the uncertain problem of complex system constrained optimization, the good‐point set population initialization, Deb feasibility comparison method and ε constraint method are integrated into the flower pollination algorithm, to construct the algorithm for RMST quotas design and trade‐off. Second, taking the typical series‐parallel repairable system as an example, one general model for complex system RMST quotas design and trade‐off based on effectiveness is constructed. Finally, take an unmanned nuclear radiation detection system as a typical case, to verify its feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages.

Effect of front air attack angles on heat transfer coefficient of the cross‐flow of four flat tube

AbstractHeat transfer coefficients are studied experimentally for airflow over a four‐flat‐tube configuration with different inlet attack angles. The range of Re numbers was from 1668 to 3782. The heat fluxes are 13.2, 38.5, and 99.8 W/m2. In this paper, 45 samples of a flat tube with inlet airflow angles (30°, 45°, and 90°) are set up to investigate its thermal performance. The design of experimental approach was used to conduct the heat transfer parametric study by designing 45 experiments, analyzing the empirical model, and optimizing heat transfer. The response was modeled using a general factorial design model based on experimental data. From analysis of variance (ANOVA), we obtained significant coefficients by performing the 5% test of level of significance. The results indicated that both the Nu and Re numbers increase for all heat flux cases and these decrease with increasing the air attack. Also shown are that the Colburn j‐factor decreases with increase of air velocity. It was found that the ANOVA results are appropriate to the collected experimental data, as the R2 and R2‐adjusted statistics are found to be 92.61% and 90.97%, respectively, for Nu number. In a similar manner, for Colburn j‐factor, the R2 and R2‐adjusted statistic are 96.97% and 96.29%, respectively.

Planning and operation of a hydrogen supply chain network based on the off-grid wind-hydrogen coupling system

Although hydrogen is identified to be the first choice of the energy industry in the future society, the severe shortage of hydrogen infrastructure hinders the development of the hydrogen economy. Therefore, by simultaneously integrating the planning and operation issues of a hydrogen supply chain network (HSCN) and taking the hydrogen demand of hydrogen fuel vehicles into account, this paper proposes a general optimization design model for a HSCN based on the off-grid wind-hydrogen coupling system to realize the scientific layout of hydrogen infrastructure and stimulate the transition of hydrogen energy. The uncertainties on both sides of the source and load of a HSCN are well-considered. Therein, the uncertainty of wind power is handled with chance constrained programming, while the uncertainty of hydrogen demand is addressed by a density-based clustering approach. The analysis focuses on a HSCN of Fujian Province, China and case study is conducted. Results show that the estimated hydrogen demand in Fujian Province over the course of a year is 0.197 million tons. The hydrogen production is located in Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Xiamen and the daily hydrogen production in Fuzhou is 309.11 ton/day, accounting for 57.48% of the total hydrogen production in Fujian Province. Since the revenue of the energy storage batteries cannot offset its high investment cost, the abnegation of the energy storage batteries in the HSCN is obtained. Compared with the deterministic HSCN, the total cost of the HSCN considering the uncertainties of wind power and hydrogen demand is reduced by 1.35%. The Levelized cost of hydrogen is 3.073–3.155$/kg and hydrogen production shows a significant scale effect. These results could provide information and direction to stakeholders, investors and policymakers for the planning of the future HSCN in Fujian Province to promote the tremendous development of the hydrogen industry.

Maize particle size with the addition of wheat on zootechnical parameters in chickens

T. An experiment was performed to compare in the meal diets different particle sizes of corn, with and without the addition of whole wheat, on the performance of chicken broilers. 2 800 broilers, four particle sizes was compared; T1) 1175 µm, T2) 740 µm, T3) 541 µm, and T4) 398 µm, with and without the addition of whole wheat (5, 10 and 15%). Body weight (kg), feed consumption (kg), feed conversion ratio (kg/kg), and mortality percentage were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 45 days. The gizzard total weight and relative weight was recorded at end of the study. The data recorded in each variable was analyzed by general lineal model for factorial design 4 x 2. At 45 days of age, T2 showed the highest body weight (p < 0.01), maintaining a similar conversion feed rate than T3 and T4, without effects (p > 0.05) in mortality rate; while the size of the gizzard was lower (p < 0.01) as the particle size decreased. The diets with the addition of whole wheat, showed higher body weights (p < 0.01), in relation to diets without addition, non significative effect (p > 0.05), was observed in the other parameters evaluated. A significative effect (p < 0.01) of the interaction of particle size 740 µm with the addition of the whole wheat was observed on the body weight at the end of the study, suggesting that this can be alternative for obtain best performance and save money by feed.

Stability of a Sandwich Cylindrical Shell with Core Subject to External Pressure and Pressure in the Inner Cylinder*

A generalized design model is proposed to study the stability and initial post-buckling equilibrium trajectory of sandwich cylindrical shells with elastic core that resists only transverse tension–compression. The model includes nonlinear equilibrium mixed-form equations, asymptotic equations obtained by the Koiter–Budiansky method, and the analytical solution of a homogeneous eigenvalue problem and inhomogeneous problem to find the values of the unknown functions at the critical point. The numerical results obtained indicate that the internal pressure strongly influences the critical load and initial post-buckling behavior of the shells.

A perspective on morphology controlled synthesis of powder by tuning chemical diffusion and reaction

This paper is a review of the progress and perspective of an approach for morphology controlled synthesis of particles by tuning chemical diffusion and reaction. Rational synthesis of materials with designed structures is a long term dream of scientists and engineers. The challenges of this dream lie in the poor understanding on the formation mechanism of diverse structures and the insufficient ability to program structure evolutions. From a view of chemical engineering, a shape-controlled synthesis of particles by regulating chemical diffusion and reaction was developed, which was experimentally confirmed by synthesizing diverse morphologies of silver particles at different diffusion and reaction and synthesizing similar dendritic structures of various materials at diffusion limitation. Diffusion and reaction determines the chemical distribution in the growth front of particles, which drives the anisotropic growth of particles, forming diverse morphologies. Ongoing study focuses on the dynamic stability of structure evolution, to establish a general model for structure design and rational synthesis by considering both the local environment and the nature of materials under the concept of mesoscience.

The use of reduced models in the reliability analysis of deformable systems with dynamic vibration dampers

The transformations of the initial design models of complex constructions and structures as the multi-degrees of freedom (DOF) systems is advantageous to use in order to reduce the amount of computational procedures in their dynamic analysis. This becomes particularly relevant in the reliability analysis requiring multiple recalculations for taking into account the stochastic properties of system parameters and impacts. The paper presents a technique based on known approaches of reduction the original multi-DOF system to an equivalent generalized design model with one degree of freedom. Various combinations of the equivalence conditions for the original system and the generalized model, including equalities of their natural frequencies, characteristic displacements or kinetic energies, were used to determine the modelling lumped mass and the corresponding rigidity of the design model. An algorithm for the probabilistic properties evaluation of the design model characteristics has been developed. The verification of the correctness of the proposed model in the area of tuning in to the workload frequency is performed. The quantitative results of solving the model problems in reliability calculations of multi-DOF structures with dynamic vibration dampers (DVD) are presented. The proposed approach allows us to simplify the process of selecting a single-mass DVD taking into account reliability requirements.

أثر اسلوب عرض المعلومات (الکلی والتحلیلی) باستخدام الواقع المعزز وأسلوب التعلم فی بیئة واقع معزز قائمة على الألعاب التحفیزیة لتنمیة مهارات التواصل الاجتماعی والدافعیة لدى طلاب تکنولوجیا التعلیم The effect of the displaying information method (holistic and analytical) using the augmented reality and learning style in an augmented real

أثر اسلوب عرض المعلومات (الکلی والتحلیلی) باستخدام الواقع المعزز وأسلوب التعلم فی بیئة واقع معزز قائمة على الألعاب التحفیزیة لتنمیة مهارات التواصل الاجتماعی والدافعیة لدى طلاب تکنولوجیا التعلیم The effect of the displaying information method (holistic and analytical) using the augmented reality and learning style in an augmented real

An Integral Design Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Design

AbstractA comprehensive domain independent system-level perspective of conceptualization of design is a major driver for successful product development. Such a general design model, Integral Design, was developed based on a specific Dutch design method, Methodical design, which was aimed specifically for applications in the Mechanical Engineering domain. The design method was specifically developed with the help of experiences designers and is meant for young students in a multi-disciplinary design context, such as building design. Integral design provides a suitable framework, existing of phases and specific steps, for guiding users through the design process. It support not only the designers but also helps them to make the process explicit and to communicate the actions and results to their stakeholders. The focus in this paper is on presenting the overall frame work of the design method. In the Netherlands in several bachelor and master educational programs at Technical High schools and the University of Technology Eindhoven use this model to teach students mechanical engineering design and building services design. As such it is one of the most popular design method in the Netherlands.