General Ability Measure For Adults Research Articles

Assessment of adult cognitive abilities in Greece: A differential item functioning study of the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generalizability and possible adaptation for use of a non-verbal measure of intelligence developed in the United States, the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA; Naglieri & Bardos, 1997) in Greece. As a validity evidence the study examined the differential item function of its questions in order to explore potential item bias utilizing the disproportionate group probabilities of participants’ correctly endorsing test items. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression procedure with samples from the United States (n = 2,369) and Greece (n = 1,273). The findings indicate a small (<1%) number of items that work differentially between these two cultural groups. Implications for the development and weighting of cross-cultural intelligence assessment tests using non-verbal measures are discussed.

The general ability measure for adults underrepresents true IQ in a high-functioning aviation population

The General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA) is a brief nonverbal assessment of general intellectual ability. Presently, there is a lack of research involving the use of the GAMA in a high-functioning population. Aviation pilots (n = 59) were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation and were concluded to be cognitively intact. They were administered a battery that included the GAMA and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – 4th edition (WAIS-IV). A paired samples t-test revealed that IQ scores on the GAMA were significantly lower than IQ scores on the WAIS-IV, with WAIS-IV IQ being 7.54 points higher on average. Fisher’s exact test determined there was significant disagreement in score classification between the tests, with individuals classified as Above Average on the WAIS-IV often being classified as Average on the GAMA. The GAMA appears to significantly underrepresent true IQ in both score and classification when compared to a more robust measure of intellectual assessment. Clinically, this suggests that IQ screeners, such as the GAMA, may not be appropriate for assessing patients who are suspected to be of higher premorbid functioning. Future research should expand on these results to assess the validity of verbal-based IQ screening measures in high-functioning populations.

A-192 The General Ability Measure for Adults Underrepresents True IQ in a High-Functioning Aviation Population

Abstract Objective The General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA) is a brief nonverbal assessment of general intellectual ability (Naglieri & Bardos, 1997). Previous research supports use of the GAMA as a screening measure of cognitive ability in neurological populations (Davis, Bados & Woodward, 2005). However, there is a lack of research involving the use of the GAMA in high functioning populations commonly referred for neuropsychological evaluation (i.e. aviation pilots). Method Aviation pilots (n = 59; mean age = 44.90, SD = 9.78) were referred for a neuropsychological evaluation and were concluded to be cognitively intact. They were administered a battery that included the GAMA and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—4th edition (WAIS-IV) among other measures. Results A paired samples t-test revealed that IQ scores on the GAMA (M = 118.19, SD = 11.51) were significantly lower than IQ scores on the WAIS-IV (M = 125.73, SD = 10.12; p < .001), with WAIS-IV IQ being 7.54 points higher on average. A Chi-square test of independence determined there was disagreement in score classification between the two tests (χ2(9) = 15.463, p = .079). Conclusions The GAMA appears to significantly underrepresent true IQ in both score and classification when compared to a more robust measure of intellectual assessment. Clinically, this suggests that IQ screeners, such as the GAMA, may not be appropriate for assessing patients who are suspected to be of higher premorbid functioning. Future research should expand on these results to assess the validity of verbal-based IQ screening measures in high-functioning populations.

The association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment is mediated by chronic low-grade inflammation

Published evidence suggests that obesity impairs cognition. Development of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI) represents the earliest consequence of obesity. The present study investigated the association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment and assessed the potential mediating role of CLGI and psychological (depression/anxiety symptoms), lifestyle (exercise) and physiological (metabolic dysfunction indices) factors in this association. Clinically healthy participants (n 188), grouped as per BMI, underwent cognitive (General Ability Measure for Adults), psychological (Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and activity (Godin leisure-time physical activity) measurements. Biochemical parameters included the following: (a) indices of CLGI (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen); (b) insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index); (c) adiposity (plasma adiponectin). An inverse association between elevated BMI and fluid intelligence was observed, with obese participants displaying significantly poorer performance compared with age-matched normal-weight peers. Structural equation modelling results were consistent with a negative impact of obesity on cognition that was mediated by CLGI. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that reduced general cognitive ability is associated with obesity, an adverse effect mainly mediated by obesity-associated activation of innate immunity.

The consciousness quotient: a new predictor of the students’ academic performance

The purpose of this study is to establish the practical usage of Consciousness Quotient in the educational psychology field. Basic hypothesis of this study was to determinate the incremental validity brought by the Consciousness Quotient in the prediction of academic performance. The study is based on a 138 participants from the Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania. The “Consciousness Quotient Inventory” (CQI) and “General Ability Measure for Adults” (GAMA) are used to evaluate the Consciousness Quotient and the Intelligence Levels. The results confirm the influence of Consciousness Quotient in the academic performance appraisal. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Masterprof team

Examining the Criterion Related Validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults: A two sample investigation

Across two employee samples (N=262 and 265) the authors examined the criterion‐related validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA), a brief nonverbal measure of cognitive ability. Results suggested that GAMA predicted job performance in both samples (uncorrected rs ranged from .27 to .50). No evidence was found for differential prediction across gender and age. These results highlight the usefulness of nonverbal cognitive ability tests in selection contexts.

Understanding The Neuropsychological Profile Of Hiv+ Participants With Low Literacy: Role Of The General Ability Measure For Adults (Gama)

The WRAT-3 Reading subtest (WRS) may be inappropriate in diseases having disproportionate impact on populations with educational disadvantages (i.e., HIV/AIDS). To understand how low literate individuals would perform on an IQ test requiring minimal education, the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA) was studied. HIV+ participants completed WRS, GAMA, and neuropsychological tests. Participants with low WRS (<80 SS) but higher GAMA (≥80 SS) had significantly better overall neuropsychological functioning than those with <80 SS on both tests. The GAMA may be a useful test when disparities in educational quality render reading-based measures of IQ a poor surrogate of premorbid function.

CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF THE GENERAL ABILITY MEASURE FOR ADULTS (GAMA) WITH SUDDEN-ONSET NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT

The General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA; ) is a nonverbal brief measure of cognitive ability. Brief measures of cognitive ability are important in the assessment of individuals with impaired or limited test-taking skills. A sample of 50 adults with sudden-onset neurological impairment was compared to a demographically matched control group. The neurologically impaired adults scored significantly lower (t (98) = 6.2, p < .001) on the GAMA than did the control group. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT; ) was also administered to the neurologically impaired group. The K-BIT scores correlated significantly with the GAMA Total IQ score (K-BIT IQ, r = .59, p < .001; Matrices, r = .64, p < .001; Vocabulary, r = .30, p < .05). The study's findings suggested that the GAMA can be used successfully as a screening measure of cognitive ability with individuals with neurological impairment using a nonverbal means that is not dependent on prior academic knowledge or linguistic ability.

Comparison of the General Ability Measure for Adults and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test with college students

AbstractNinety‐four college students were administered the GAMA and KAIT. GAMA IQs were significantly and moderately correlated with KAIT Fluid, Crystallized and Composite IQs, supporting the convergent validity of this instrument. Although significant correlations between measures emerged and nonsignificant differences were found between mean scores across these instruments, GAMA IQ scores did not accurately predict KAIT Composite IQ scores when GAMA IQ scores were compared to KAIT Composite IQs. Similarly, when the sample was divided into two groups by ability level, GAMA IQs accurately estimated the intelligence for individuals of Average and Below Average intelligence, but underestimated the KAIT Composite IQ scores by 4 points for the Above Average group. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. © 2002, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Validity of two brief measures: the General Abilities Measure for Adults and the Shiple Institute of Living Scale.

The present investigation examined the concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults by Naglieri and Bardos (1997) and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale by Zachary (1991). These scales were administered to 129 college students who ranged in age from 18 to 55 years (M age=24.8 yr.). Pearson correlations were computed to evaluate the association of scores on these measures. Significant small correlations were found for GAMA IQ scores with scores on the Shipley Verbal (r = .29) and Total scales (r = .28) but not with scores on the Shipley Abstraction subscale (r=.11). Although the GAMA has been presented as a measure of general intelligence, only partial support for this view was found.

College student performance on the general ability measure for adults and the wechsler intelligence scale for adults-third edition

This study examined the concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA1; Naglieri & Bardos, 1997) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1997). Sixty college students were administered both instruments in counterbalanced order. A comparison of the mean scores on the GAMA and WAIS-III indicated that the sample obtained similar GAMA and WAIS-III PIQ scores. In contrast, the sample's mean GAMA IQ score was significantly lower than the sample's mean FSIQ and VIQ scores. Although the GAMA IQ score was positively correlated with all WAIS-III IQ and Index scores, this new instrument was more clearly associated with visual-spatial reasoning, as defined by the WAIS-III PIQ. The GAMA's accuracy in predicting performance on the WAIS-III FSIQ and PIQ also was examined, with the GAMA underestimating WAIS-III FSIQ and PIQ scores for participants falling within the Superior and Very Superior range of intellectual functioning. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The predictive ability of the general ability measure for adults (GAMA)

The predictive ability of the general ability measure for adults (GAMA)

The predictive ability of the general ability measure for adults (GAMA)

The predictive ability of the general ability measure for adults (GAMA)

Concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults: Relationship to the Shipley and the Wonderlic

Concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults: Relationship to the Shipley and the Wonderlic

Concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults: Relationship to the Shipley and the Wonderlic

Concurrent validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults: Relationship to the Shipley and the Wonderlic

Test-Retest Reliability of the General Ability Measure for Adults

The test stability for the General Ability Measure for Adults was examined for up to a 48-day interval ( M = 35 days, SD = 5) for a sample of 52 college students, ages 19 to 51 years. The means for the Intelligence Quotient were 107 ( SD = 11) and 115 ( SD = 11), with a test-retest Pearson correlation of .62. Stability estimates for the measure's subtests were .30 for Matching, .33 for Analogies, .54 for Sequences, and .40 for Construction. Reliability coefficients were lower than expected for Matching, Analogies, and Sequences subtests and much lower than those reported in the test manual. The mean scores increased significantly on retest. Over-all, this study supported the limited temporal stability of the General Ability Measure for Adults.

Psychometric intelligence in patients with traumatic brain injury: Utility of a new screening measure

Objective: To evaluate the validity of the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA) in a sample of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Comparison with criterion standards of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and measures of injury severity. Setting: Regional rehabilitation center. Participants: One-year prospective series of consecutive rehabilitation referrals, including 42 adult patients with TBI. Main Outcome Measures: GAMA and WAIS-R IQ scores were obtained within 1 year after injury and compared with each other and with measures of injury severity. Results: The GAMA demonstrated statistically significant covariance with the WAIS-R and was able to discriminate severe TBI from mild/moderate TBI. The correlation between the GAMA and length of coma fell just short of statistical significance. Conclusions: The GAMA is sufficiently sensitive to the presence or absence of severe TBI but may not be sufficiently sensitive to the exact degree of injury severity.

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE GENERAL ABILITY MEASURE FOR ADULTS

The test stability for the General Ability Measure for Adults was examined for up to a 48-day interval (M = 35 days, SD = 5) for a sample of 52 college students, ages 19 to 51 years. The means for the Intelligence Quotient were 107 (SD = 11) and 115 (SD = 11), with a test-retest Pearson correlation of .62. Stability estimates for the measure's subtests were .30 for Matching, .33 for Analogies, .54 for Sequences, and .40 for Construction. Reliability coefficients were lower than expected for Matching, Analogies, and Sequences subtests and much lower than those reported in the test manual. The mean scores increased significantly on retest. Over-all, this study supported the limited temporal stability of the General Ability Measure for Adults.