Genealogy Of Development Research Articles

Genealogy of development and codification of Yugoslavian earthquake resistant design

This contribution aims to clarify for exposure modellers and vulnerability and seismic risk assessors the basis on which seismic lateral loads have been established in all Yugoslavian seismic design codes since 1948. The particular focus is on JUS39/64 and JUS31/81 seismic design codes since they controlled the seismic safety of Macedonian (and Yugoslavian) exposure for 16 and 41 years, respectively. The analyses and discussions are centred on lateral force coefficients as a primary factor for representing the features of each design level. Presented is in all detail the developed K-Quotient method that efficiently compares inter-code lateral force levels. The method provides the closed solution for simplified lateral load calculation applicable to “stiff” buildings (T ≤ 0.5 s). The presented results are indicative of flexible buildings requiring further research on the subject.

The Churning of Skid Row: A Genealogy of Development, Gentrification, and Displacement

AbstractThe last two decades have seen striking changes to downtown Los Angeles's population. While phrases like “renewal” or “revitalization” pepper the discourse around new urban investment, the reality has been a shocking displacement of those living in single room occupancy (SRO) hotel units—and in tents throughout the area known as Skid Row. Beneath the competing interests of affordable housing advocates, on the one hand, and the public relations campaigns of the private and public sectors, on the other, lie the very real material and discursive forces that are taking the lead. Collective memory is often too short to see historic trends, yet to approximate a grasp of them is to gain ground in a seemingly chaotic present. Through a depth approach to journalistic sources, power analyses, and stakeholder interviews, this article investigates and interrogates the various discourses at play in gentrification media—government, financial interests, individual actors, and judicial bodies. Its purpose is to illustrate systemic causes of urban oppression and trauma in order to inform future attempts to both understand and intervene in the uprooting of communities.

A ‘Civilizing Task’: The International Labour Organization, Social Reform, and the Genealogy of Development

This article challenges the standard narrative of the origins of development and its relationship to international law. That standard narrative depicts development as a post-war American invention and understood primarily in economic terms. In contrast, this article focuses on the sources of development thinking and practice in the international social reform movement of the early twentieth century, with particular attention to the activities of the International Labour Organization (ILO) between the two World Wars. In proposing a new genealogy of the ‘social’ origins of development, the article traces several concurrent trends: the ideas about social reform that inspired the ILO’s early work in Europe; its efforts to translate those ideas into new contexts in Asia, Africa, and the Americas; its championing of scientific management, rationalization, and economic planning; and its early adoption of the conceptual vocabulary of ‘development’ and ‘modernization’.

The Mythology of Transition, Transformation and Development

The interactions between transitional justice and development have been largely disregarded by scholars and practitioners. The limited literature exploring their interactions has engaged only with the discourses at the practical or technical levels, and this literature has been couched exclusively in terms of achieving mutual objectives. This paucity of literature and their superficial analyses may be products of uncertainties in the scope and objectives of these fields. This paper thus examines the contemporary myth of transitional justice and development. Recent works by scholars and practitioners have presented transitional justice and development as parallel socioeconomic and political projects, but nonetheless conceptually separate fields and discourses, which engage in marginal intersection or cross-fertilisation. This paper argues that this forced conceptual dichotomy has evolved into a modern mythology, the logic of which merits further scrutiny than has otherwise been documented in existing literature. It seeks to deconstruct this emerging mythology by presenting a Foucaultian analysis of transitional justice, documenting its shared metaphysical foundations and continuing interface with Beard‟s genealogy of development. Further, it examines the interaction of common themes that link the post-fragmentation heuristic episodes of transitional justice and development discourses, and proposes that these themes may provide a basis for formulating a unified theory of transitional justice and development. Ultimately, as one of the first efforts to address this relationship, it also seeks to advance discussion of the manner in which to most effectively pursue transitional justice and development objectives, bridging ideal conceptions of each field with the contingent political exigencies of particular cases.

Privatizing the Occupation: The Political Economy of an Oslo Development Project

During Oslo, a Palestinian industrial estates scheme sponsored by international donors was marketed as a template for the occupied territories' integration into global markets. This article traces the project's significance as an encounter between donor agendas, development discourses, and the nexus of Israeli security prerogatives and Palestinian clientele politics that shaped Oslo's political economy. It argues that in addition to dubious economics, the scheme provided rent-seeking opportunities to Israeli middlemen arbitrating between Israeli security apparatuses and Palestinian economic elites, both rehearsing a wider tendency of development projects to obscure issues of power and control, and ultimately itself reinvesting a local, colonial genealogy of development as control.