Genealogical Origin Research Articles

A Trip Back Home: Resistance to Herbivores of Native and Non-Native Plant Populations of Datura stramonium.

When colonizing new ranges, plant populations may benefit from the absence of the checks imposed by the enemies, herbivores, and pathogens that regulated their numbers in their original range. Therefore, rates of plant damage or infestation by natural enemies are expected to be lower in the new range. Exposing both non-native and native plant populations in the native range, where native herbivores are present, can be used to test whether resistance mechanisms have diverged between populations. Datura stramonium is native to the Americas but widely distributed in Spain, where populations show lower herbivore damage than populations in the native range. We established experiments in two localities in the native range (Mexico), exposing two native and two non-native D. stramonium populations to natural herbivores. Plant performance differed between the localities, as did the abundance of the main specialist herbivore, Lema daturaphila. In Teotihuacán, where L. daturaphila is common, native plants had significantly more adult beetles and herbivore damage than non-native plants. The degree of infestation by the specialist seed predator Trichobaris soror differed among populations and between sites, but the native Ticumán population always had the lowest level of infestation. The Ticumán population also had the highest concentration of the alkaloid scopolamine. Scopolamine was negatively related to the number of eggs deposited by L. daturaphila in Teotihuacán. There was among-family variation in herbivore damage (resistance), alkaloid content (scopolamine), and infestation by L. daturaphila and T. soror, indicating genetic variation and potential for further evolution. Although native and non-native D. stramonium populations have not yet diverged in plant resistance/constitutive defense, the differences between ranges (and the two experimental sites) in the type and abundance of herbivores suggest that further research is needed on the role of resource availability and adaptive plasticity, specialized metabolites (induced, constitutive), and the relationship between genealogical origin and plant defense in both ranges.

GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN THE KAZAKH AND CHUVASH LANGUAGES (BASED ON GREETINGS)

The research paper considers the speech etiquette in the Kazakh and Chuvash languages, belonging to a family of Turkic languages, from the point of view of the genealogical origin of the language, based on the formula of welcome. Speech etiquette is an inextricable part of the culture of any country. Its basic structure consists of special lexical units - speech formulas used in situations that take place in different contexts. Functional study of speech formulas allows to classify models of speech etiquette with equivalents in the Kazakh and Chuvash languages. The purpose and objectives of the study - functional-linguistic analysis of the use of greeting formulas in Kazakh and Chuvash, to consider the theoretical aspects of speech communication, to describe some parameters of etiquette formulations, to analyze thematic themes and also to reveal speech formulas by different methods. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, and linguistic analysis based on culturological, ethnographic, and social features. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the speech formulas of two languages have general drawings and inconsistencies, conditioned by different factors. The similarities and differences in speech behavior in these languages are reflected in the basic welcome models.

From Ethnic Genealogical Folklore to the Power and Legitimacy of Traditional Society

The folklore of the genealogical origin of an ethnicity is a very popular cultural treasure for the Gayo, Nias, and Batak Toba ethnic communities, especially those related to genealogy. The original characters of the ethnic community are depicted falling from a high place (heaven) to a low place (bumi). The events of the story characters coming down from the sky make the figure genetic, and the region has a very important power value in its supportive ethnic society. Folklore stories of the genealogical origins of these three ethnicities will be analysed through the meaning patterns that are the guidelines of life for the ethnic community. Given the folklore of the genealogical origins of the three ethnic groups, they are closely linked to the system of power in ethnic societies. The study aims to explore how meaning patterns are operated in order to safeguard, maintain, and stabilise the power of individuals as well as ethnic groups. As for the research methods used in this research, they use archaeological, anthropological, ethno-archaeological, and sociological approaches. The results achieved in the folklore study of ethnic genealogical origin depict the system of power in the cultures of the ethnic communities Batak Toba, Nias, and Gayo.

Inheritance and transgressive variability of the number of grains per ear in F1 – F2 soft spring wheat

The research was conducted in the experimental field of Bila Tserkva NAU with reciprocal F1 – F2 hybrids obtained from crossing modern soft spring wheat varieties of different genealogical origin: Elehiia Myronivska, Simkoda Myronivska, Struna Myronivska, Kollektyvna 3, Heroinya, Leguan, Azhurnaia. The standard variety was Elehiia Myronivska. The research program included the study of the nature of inheritance in F1 of the number of grains in the main spike and the establishment of the degree and frequency of transgressions in F2 in order to identify valuable breeding material for this trait. According to the trait "number of grains per ear", we identified hybrid combinations with high performance: Struna Myronivska/Simkoda Myronivska (52.7 pcs.) and Struna Myronivska/Elehiia Myronivska (51.8 pcs.). It was found that the inheritance of the number of grains in the ear in the studied hybrids was of the type of positive superdominance, the degree of dominance in direct crosses was in the range from +1, 9 in the hybrid combination Struna Myronivska/Heroinya to +87.0 in Struna Myronivska/Leguan, and in reciprocal crosses it ranged from +3.4 in Simkoda Myronivska/Struna Myronivska to +62.3 in Leguan/Struna Myronivska. The smallest range of variability in the number of grains in the ear is characterized by the hybrid combination Struna Myronovska/Azhurnaia (15 pcs.) with a variance index of 27.1. Indicators of coefficients of variation characterize F1 as an active formative process on the basis of the trait "number of grains in the ear". In F2 transgressive forms were identified in the combinations of crosses Heroinya/Struna Myronivska, Struna Myronivska/Elehiia Mironovska and Kollektyvna 3/Struna Myronivska, the degree of transgression of which was 51.4, 45.6 and 39.4 % at a frequency of 68.1, 38.6 and 14.4 %, respectively. It has been proved that the results of transgressive variability can increase the diversity of the soft spring wheat gene pool and provide valuable selection material. Key words: spring wheat, number of grains of the main ear, inheritance, variability, transgressions, adaptability, productivity.

Genealogical Traces of the Misogynistic Murder Motif in Eugene O'Neill's Autobiographical Tragedies

Abstract Eugene O'Neill's autobiographical tragedies, such as Dynamo, Days Without End, The Iceman Cometh and More Stately Mansions, are characteristic of the misogynistic murder motif. In these tragedies, the male protagonists actually kill or are motivated to kill their mistresses, wives and mothers. We argue that this unique phenomenon is in essence a matricide in disguise, which originated from August Strindberg's philosophy of misogyny and O'Neill's own adolescent psychological trauma. The revelation of O'Neill's misogynistic murder motif and its genealogical origin from the perspective of biographical criticism helps to explicate the dramatist's sense about the tragic fate of human beings.

Ethnogenesis and Stranger-Kings in Old Scandinavian Literature

Ethnogenesis and Stranger-Kings in Old Scandinavian Literature

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT Use: Qumran

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT UseQumran William J. Urbrock and Christopher T. Begg William J. Urbrock University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Christopher T. Begg Catholic University of America 1604. [DSS] Anonymous, "New Scrolls from the Judean Desert," BARev 47 (2, 2021) 17. Some parchment fragments dated to the 2nd century c.e., featuring Greek translations of the Books of Zechariah and Nahum, were recently recovered from the so-called Cave of Horrors. Photo-illustrated.—W.J.U. Google Scholar 1605. [The Origins of the Qumran Sect] Bezalel Bar-Kochva, "The Beginnings of the Qumran Sect: A Proposed Identification of Its Founders and the Circumstances of Its Formation," Zion 86 (3, 2021) 425-79 (Hebrew). My article treats the long-debated question of who founded the Qumran sect and what were the circumstances of its formation. Basing myself on data from the DSS, 1 Maccabees, and Josephus in my first section, I attempt to determine when the sect was formed. I propose that this happened between 170 and 166 b.c.e., during the period of the forced Hellenization of Judea, more specifically during the time of the religious decrees of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Section two addresses the genealogical attribution of the sect's founders by analyzing the mentions of the Sons of Zadok in the DSS. I agree with those who hold that this name was not simply a symbolic designation but rather reflects the genealogical origin of the sect's leadership group from the family of the "Sons of Zadok," who for generations held the office of high priest down to Antiochus's days. Section three treats the scattered [End Page 576] references in the Damascus Document to the severe sin of the sect's founders. I reject the theological explanations that have been advanced concerning the nature of their misconduct, such as their "innate sin," and argue that the sin(s) in question were actual, concrete misdeeds, either in the realm of human interaction or in the human–divine relationship, or sins involving ritual or sexual impurity. On the basis of the data presented in the first section, my final section seeks to identify the sect's founders, via a focus on events that occurred in Jerusalem in the years between 170 and 166 b.c.e. Through a process of elimination, I conclude that the founders of the sect were a tiny group of priests from the Sons of Zadok family who were part of the moderate Hellenizing faction and who fled from Jerusalem after Jason was deposed in 168 b.c.e. from his position as high priest. The group found refuge in the desert, where its members underwent a lengthy process of repentance which led them to embark on a path of extreme halakhic stringency. In an afterword, I briefly discuss the implications of my proposed identification of the group's founders for the understanding of the halakhot and customs of the group, in particular its overall halakhic rigidity and the ascetic aspects of its praxis. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 1606. [The DJD Series] Devorah Dimant, "Sixty Years of Publications on the Dead Sea Scrolls: Discoveries in the Judean Desert in Perspective," Hebrew Texts and Language, 52-78 [see #1691]. D.'s account of the DJD series unfolds under two main headings: (1) History of the Project (with subdivisions The Early Years [1948–1960], The Interim Period [1961–1990], and The Concluding Period [1990–2010]); and (2) The DJD Series in Perspective, subtitled Format and Contents. Her survey concludes with a listing of the titles, editors, and dates of all 40 of the DJD volumes. See also #1252.—C.T.B. Google Scholar 1607. [Miqṣat Maʿaśe ha-Torah] Jonathan Kaplan, "Putting 'the Torah' Back into 'the Book of Moses' in Miqṣat Maʿaśe ha-Torah: a new proposed reconstruction of 4Q397 14-21 6," JSP 30 (4, 2021) 228-31. In this article, I build upon observations by Émile Puech regarding the available space in 4Q397 14-21 6, one of the manuscripts of Miqṣat Maʿaśe ha-Torah (MTT), in order to propose an alternative reconstruction...

An Analysis of Joči’s Debated Paternity and His Role in the Altan Uruġ Royal Lineage of Činggis Khan

Research objectives: This article discusses Joči’s military-political role and status in the Mongol Empire (Yeke Mongol Ulus), beginning in the early thirteenth century and within the intra-dynastic relations of Činggis Khan’s chief sons. In particular, the article seeks to answer questions about Joči’s birth. Discrepancies between the Secret History of the Mongols and other written sources cast doubt on whether Joči was even a legitimate son of Činggis Khan, let alone his eldest one. In addition, this article includes an analysis of Joči’s place within the family and the traditional legal system of the medieval Mongols based on the principles of majorat succession outlined in the Mongol Empire. It establishes evidence of his legitimacy within the Činggisid dynasty’s imperial lineage (altan uruġ) – a point of view supported by his military-political career, his pivotal role in the western campaigns, his leadership at the siege of Khwārazm, and the process of division of the ulus of Činggis Khan. Research materials: This article makes use of Russian, English, and Turkic (Kazakh, Tatar, etc.) translations of key primary sources including the Secret History of the Mongols and works of authors from the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries, including Al-Nasawī, Shіhāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn ’Aṭā-Malik Juvāynī, Minhāj al-Dīn Jūzjānī, Zhao Hong, Peng Daya, John of Plano Carpini, William of Rubruck, Jamāl al-Qarshī, Rashīd al-Dīn, Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, Uluġbeg, Ötämiš Hājī, Lubsan Danzan, Abu’l-Ghāzī, and Saγang Sečen. New secondary works regarding Joči published by modern Kazakh, Russian, Tatar, American, French, Chinese, Korean and other scholars were also consulted. Results and novelty of the research: Taking into consideration certain economic and legal traits of the medieval Mongols, their traditional practices, military-political events, and longterm developments in the Mongol Empire’s history, descriptions of Joči being no more than a “Merkit bastard” are clearly not consistent. The persisting claims can be traced to doubts about Joči’s birth included in the Secret History of the Mongols, the first extensive written record of the medieval Mongols which had a great impact on the work of later historians, including modern scholars. Some researchers suspect this allegation may have been an indirect result of Möngke Khan inserting it into the Secret History. This article argues that the main motivation was Batu’s high military-political position and prestige in the Yeke Mongol Ulus. After Ögödei Khan’s death, sons and grandsons of Ögödei and Ča’adai made various attempts to erode Batu’s significant position in the altan uruġ by raising questions regarding his genealogical origin. This explains why doubts about Joči’s status in the imperial lineage appeared so widely following his death in an intra-dynastic propaganda struggle waged between the houses of Joči and Тolui and the opposing houses of Ča’adai and Ögödei’s sons. This conflict over the narrative was engendered by the struggle for supreme power in the Mongol Empire and the distribution of conquered lands and property.

Selection of Elite Genotypes of Coffee arabica L. to Produce Specialty Coffees

This study aimed to evaluate the cup quality of Coffea arabica elite genotypes submitted to wet processing. C. arabica elite genotypes, which were grouped according to their genealogy: Bourbon, Paraíso Germplasm, and Resistant to Rust. Coffees were sent to wet processing to obtain fully washed coffee. After processing and drying the coffees were subjected to cup quality analysis according to the methodology of the Association of Special Coffees (SCA). To characterize and discriminate the genealogical groups the data were submitted to chemometric analysis, Principal Component Method (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PCA was effective in presenting an overview of the data, demonstrating the variables that most contributed to the analysis response. However, the PCA was not efficient to group genotypes according to their genealogical origin, based on chemometric data, as it is an unsupervised analysis. Even though most of the samples were classified correctly, the PLS-DA model created has not yet managed to correctly classify the genotypes of the Paraíso germplasm group. The C. arabica elite genotypes evaluated have the potential to produce special coffees, especially on the genotypes Paraíso 2, H493-1-2-10 and UFV-7158 with scores equal to or above 90 points.

MENTION OF PLANT NAMES IN THE POEMS OF ALISHER NAVOI

This article reflects the use of plant names and their genealogical origin in the ghazal verses of the genius poet in the collection Khazoin ul-maoniy, the semantic meaning of the names of plants and fruit trees, flowers and vegetables used in the name of the plant. In addition, the assimilation of plant names, the frequency of their use in ghazal verses are also given.

Reading heredity in racist environments: epigenetic imaginaries in Bessie Head’s The Cardinals

The field of epigenetics research shows us how we are constructed by what is without—materially, socially and environmentally—while also taking us beyond narrow genetic determinants of heredity. If misappropriated, epigenetics...

Discrimination of Genealogical Groups of Arabica Coffee by the Chemical Composition of the Beans

This work aimed to characterize and discriminate genealogical groups of coffee as to the chemical composition of the grains through the model created by PLS-DA method. 22 accessions of Coffea arabica, from the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, were divided into groups according to the genealogical origin. Samples of ripe fruits were harvested selectively and processed by the wet method, to obtain pulped coffee beans, with 11% (b.u.) of water content. The raw beans were assessed as to the content of polyphenols, total sugars, total lipids, protein, caffeine, sucrose, and fatty acids. The data were submitted the chemometric analysis, PCA and PLS-DA. The results of PLS-DA identified the variables which most influence the classification of genealogical groups and possible chemical markers to accessions processed by the pulped method. The sucrose content was an important marker for the Exotic accession group. However, the content of polyphenols has been identified as a marker for the group Tymor Hybrid, and the caffeine for the bourbon group. The different fatty acids have been identified as markers for all genealogical groups, at different levels. The model PLS-DA is effective in discriminating genealogical groups from the chemical composition of the beans.

Reconstructing an Ethics of Credit in an Age of Neoliberalism

One of the most formidable socio-economic challenges which Christian communities are facing today is the growing dominance of neoliberalism. From wheat fields in Brazil to Wall Street in New York City, neoliberalism is marching on everywhere with its massive credit (or credit money). The purpose of this paper is to address a key structural injustice of neoliberalism—the deepening colonization of “social capital” by “financial capital.” Since the 1980s, a new economic process known as “financialization” has structurally changed the global economic system entailing an extreme income and wealth gap between the haves and the have nots. It has also rendered a countless number of ordinary people vulnerable to various types of debt entrapment while destroying the environment on a global scale. Behind all these forms of social and natural disintegration lies a crucial neoliberal apparatus fueled by credit. This paper engages in such problems by attempting to reconnect the lost link between social capital and financial capital. In doing so, it first analyzes the genealogical origin of the separation between financial capital and social capital. The author then comes up with ethical principles to re-anchor financial capital in social capital through a critical and interdisciplinary exploration.

Family and Hereditary Traditions of Therurikids: Branches of the Olgovichs, the Davidovichs, the Owners of Chernihiv Siverskyi Principality

The article studies the national elite of the Rurikids’ princely dynasties, the Kyivan Rus owners and the Chernihiv Siversky branches of the Olgovichs and Davidovichs, as the only inherited Eastern Slavic community of the Indo-European origin. In the basis of the family and hereditary traditions of property division, the custom of dividing property among the children remained and was inherited by the Rurikids. The aim of the article is to generalize the national historical experience of the traditions’ transformation of a family law, on the example of the genealogical origin of the Rurikids’ princely dynasties. The branches of the Olgovichs and the Davidovichs, the owners of Chernihiv Siverskyi principality in the Kyivan Rus, state association. Research methodology is based on the heuristic method of modern and classical scientific historiography systematization, which reveals the historical process of culturological thought of the Rurikids’ family and hereditary property division: the Olgovichs, the owners of Chernigiv Siverskyi region on the system of “rota system” order of the princely thrones’replacement . The scientific novelty is to systematize the social and cultural history, including the transformations of national-independent, family and hereditary traditions of property relations, on the example of the Rurikids’Chernihiv-Siverskyi principality, which is still now embodied in the Civil Code of Ukraine – “law of inheritance”. As a result, on the basis of the declared historiography, the editions of Rurikids’ history, the Rus owners, including the Chernigiv-Siversky region. Some of their achievements in the development of a state association Kyivan Rus were about 80 cities under the dynasty’s command; the management system with elements of self-government; the democracy through a nationwide town's meeting; political diplomatic, socio-legal, tradeeconomic, financial-monetary relations; social, cultural, secular architecture; the development of art. The historical and cultural heritage of the Rurikids’ dynasty ruling elite, including the dynasty of the Olgovichs, the Davidovichs, is kept in the traditions of the material, spiritual culture of the Chernihiv-Siverskyi region, both in the museum treasury and in the reserves of “Ancient Chernihiv”, Glukhiv, Putivl, Liubech, etc.Article received 20.04.2018

Research of Genetic Polymorphism Species Linumu sitatissimum L. on a Basis a RAPD-Method

ABSTRACTThe goal of this investigation was the interpretation of genetic polymorphism in flax using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique in relation to genealogical information and eco geographic origin of the accessions. Protein markers have been successfully applied for identification of ecotypes of cultivated plants and for cultivar identification and registration. However, for intraspecific differentiation in flax effective protein markers have not been found. The DNA markers developed during the recent decades proved to be more efficient in detecting polymorphism in flax. The plant material were 287 accessions from the flax collection at the All-Russian Flax Research Institute (VNIIL) belonging to different botanical and eco-geographical groups based on the classification of the species Linumu sitatissimum L. On the basis of a molecular estimation the gene pool offlax it can be assumed that the fiber flax from northern continental Russia is not exclusively of Indo-afghan origin as suggested by Sinskaja (1959), but also has genetic roots in flax from Kolchidian. Essential genetic similarity between cultivar of fiber flax from Russia and other the European countries is established. Results of a generality of an origin of fiber flax cultivar from Russia are confirmed also with the analysis of their genealogy. Essential genetic polymorphism of linseed flax is shown. The distinctness of linseed and fiber flax in their genetic constitution as revealed by the RAPD analysis is of strategic importance in preservation of the genetic diversity and for efficient use of the flax gene pool in breeding.

RESEARCH OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MILK OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

The aim of the research – is to study the qualitative composition of milk of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed in terms of households and in the context of genealogical descent.
 Method. Research conducted under the conditions of the State Enterprise "Pilot Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» in Sumy region, Enterprize of Additional Liability “Mayak” in Trostyanetc region, State Enterprise "Pilot Farm Agricultural Firm “Nadiya” of the Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» in Romny region. Milk production was assessed by monthly milking control with sampling of milk. Quality indicators measured in the laboratory of the former Sumy State Breeding Center on the equipment of Bentley. We investigated the percentage of fat, percentage of protein, including casein, percentage of dry matter, skimmed residue, contents of somatic cells. Biometric processing of results was carried out by the conventional method (Plohynskoho M.O., 1969), using software Statistica 6.0.
 The results of the research. Studies have been conducted on the content of fat, protein, casein, lactose and somatic cell count in cow milk. Established difference of qualitative composition of milk of cows depending on the households and on the genealogical origin of the animals.
 Analysis of our studies indicate that the level of quality indicators of milk production of animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breeds in different farms is significantly different. All the main indicators of quality prevailed in animals of Enterprize of Additional Liability “Mayak”.
 For the fat content of milk cows of Distinkshna line 159523 were dominated. They though not significantly, but dominated the animals of Eleganta 148551 and Laddi 125640 lines for 0.16% and 0.19% respectively. The substantial significant difference of the content of lactose in the milk of cows of different lines is not set. Animals of Distinkshna line 159523 significantly superior cows of Eleganta 148551 and Laddi 125640 lines for the protein, for 0,24% (P < 0,05) and 0,32% (P < 0,05) respectively. For the casein content they were significantly superior then Laddi 125640 line cows – on 0,24% (P < 0,05). For the dry matter content and skimmed milk residue animals of Distinkshna line 159523 also have the advantage.
 Conclusions. As a result of studies found that the level of quality indicators of milk production in animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breed in different farms is significantly different. So fat content in milk varies 3,43–3,98%; protein content – 3,10–3,55%; casein content – 2,83–3,31%; dry matter content – 12,4–13,1%, fat-free dry milk residue – 8,95–9,13%.
 The dependence of milk quality indicators based on linear descent. For the main indices are preferred animals of Distinkshna line 159523.

Divergence among arabica coffee genotypes for sensory quality

The production of specialty coffees is the main criterion to add value to the product. However, there is a lack of information regarding genetic variability of C. arabica for quality improvement. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic divergence among Coffee arabica genotypes regarding the potential cup quality, possible limitations and their potential use in breeding programs to improve quality. We evaluated 101 coffee genotypes from the Germplasm Active Bank of Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria de Minas Gerais, covering different groups of genealogical origin. A randomized block design was used with two replications. Sensory analysis of the beverage was performed by two tasters per sample (repetition), using the Cup of Excellence methodology enhanced by the Brazilian Specialty Coffee Association. The attributes assessed were clean cup, sweetness, acidity, body, flavor, aftertaste, balance, overall and final score. K-means and Ward clustering methods were used to study the genotypes divergence. Based on sensory scores, the formed clusters differed with regards to all sensory characteristics (P ? 0.01). Three K-means clusters were formed among 40, 45 and 16 genotypes, with final average scores of 80.11, 83.17 and 87.56 points, respectively. Ninety percent of the genotypes evaluated have the genetic potential to produce specialty coffees. The observed divergence indicates the potential of genetic gains for quality and the Hibrido de Timor germplasm can be used for this purpose.

Diaspora, Postmemory and the Transcultural Turn in Contemporary Jewish Writing: Barbara Honigmann’s Autofictional Writings

According to Marianne Hirsch, descendants of exiled Holocaust survivors unwillingly inherit their parents continued dislocation: as the homeland of their ancestors has “ceased to exist” they are destined forever to remain exiled from the “space of identity” (Family 243). The German Jewish writer Barbara Honigmann is one of those descendants of exiled Holocaust survivors even though she was born in Germany to where her parents had returned after the war. However, in contrast to Hirsch, she embraces life in diaspora and self-imposed exile as the true source for constructing a genuine identity in which she is true to her Judaism. In illuminating the discrepancy between Hirsch’s analytical reading of exilic postmemory and Barbara Honigmann’s way of creating it in literature, this article shows that different conceptualizations of diaspora give rise to different postmemorial aesthetics: whereas Hirsch’s photographic aesthetics represents the melancholic insight that a return to the place of origin is impossible, nostalgic aesthetics gives in to this very desire for a “final return” (Hall). However, both the nostalgic and the photographic aesthetics are based on a territorial understanding of home and on the idea that identity is bound to a specific space. In contrast, Honigmann’s aesthetics of postmemory, which I call transcultural, perceives diasporic identity as the result of a constant blending and mixing of cultures. Thus, identity is not connected to a distinct place, but rather to a “common genealogical origin” (Boyarin, Boyarin). However, as this origin has been forgotten, the author must laboriously reconstruct it in her autofictional writings.

Assessing the genetic diversity of five Tanzanian chicken ecotypes using molecular tools

The study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of Tanzanian chicken populations through phylogenetic relationship, and to trace the history of Tanzanian indigenous chickens. Five ecotypes of Tanzanian local chickens (Ching’wekwe, Kuchi, Morogoro-medium, Pemba and Unguja) from eight regions were studied. Diversity was assessed based on morphological measurements and 29 microsatellite markers recommended by ISAG/FAO advisory group on animal genetic diversity. A principal component analysis (PCA) of morphological measures distinguished individuals most by body sizes and body weight. Morogoro Medium, Pemba and Unguja were grouped together, while Ching'wekwe stood out because of their disproportionate short shanks and ulna bones. Kuchi formed an independent group owing to their comparably long body sizes. Microsatellite analysis revealed three clusters of Tanzanian chicken populations. These clusters encompassed i) Morogoro-medium and Ching’wekwe from Eastern and Central Zones ii) Unguja and Pemba from Zanzibar Islands and iii) Kuchi from Lake Zone regions, which formed an independent cluster. Sequence polymorphism of D-loop region was analysed to disclose the likely maternal origin of Tanzanian chickens. According to reference mtDNA haplotypes, the Tanzanian chickens that were sampled encompass two haplogroups of different genealogical origin. From haplotype network analysis, Tanzanian chickens probably originated on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. The majority of Kuchi chickens clustered in a single haplogroup, which was previously found in Shamo game birds sampled from Shikoku Island of Japan in the Kōchi Prefecture. Analysis of phenotypic and molecular data, as well as the linguistic similarity of the breed names, suggests a recent introduction of the Kuchi breed to Tanzania.Keywords: Tanzanian indigenous chickens, genetic diversity, microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA