In the legal context of Chinese law, genetic data is an object of complex rights. At the level of private law, genetic data contains personal information, thus being protected by the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law; At the level of public law, genetic data is an important genetic resource that embodies both public and national interests, which should also be regulated by public laws such as the Biosecurity Law and the Data Security Law. The recently issued the Regulation on the Administration of Human Genetic Resources have refined the approval and record procedure, in order to promote the utilization of genetic data in China. At present, China still lacks sufficient protection for genetic data privacy, and the "informed consent" and "anonymization" system cannot work effectively. On the path of improvement, we should break constraints of individualism and start from three levels to strengthen genetic data privacy protection: formulating specialized legislation, leveraging the functions of group organizations and public interest litigation systems.