Gender Research Research Articles

From ego to equity: exploring the influence of narcissism and gender on start-up funding success

Purpose This study aims to investigate the association between narcissistic tendencies, gender and funding success in high-growth start-ups. It aims to bridge a critical research gap by exploring the combined effect of gender and narcissism on start-up funding success. Design/methodology/approach The authors surveyed 540 founders of high-growth start-ups in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, using the NPI-16 questionnaire to assess narcissistic tendencies. By focusing on high-growth start-ups as opposed to small firms, the authors enhanced the validity of the sample. This study isolates and analyses the effects of gender and narcissism, providing insights into their individual and combined contributions to start-up funding success. Findings The findings reveal that gender is associated with lower start-up funding and lower narcissistic tendencies. This highlights the intricate relationship between gender, narcissism and funding success within the context of high-growth start-ups. Practical implications These findings have important implications for investors, policymakers and entrepreneurial educators, suggesting that a nuanced understanding of founders’ psychological traits could enhance funding strategies and start-up support mechanisms. Originality/value This research addresses the critical gap in the literature by examining the joint influence of gender and narcissism on funding success in high-growth start-ups. The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the factors shaping founder psychology and performance dynamics, offering valuable insights for future research in gender, narcissism and start-up success.

Depression and Anxiety Among Arab Individuals in the United States: A Meta-analysis.

Emerging research suggests that the increasing population of Arab immigrants and refugees living in the United States (U.S.) has a greater risk for depression and anxiety than other groups. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety for Arabs in the U.S., to examine the moderating effects of key demographic variables (gender, immigration status, ethnicity) and study characteristics (research design and quality) on the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and to evaluate the direct effects of additional demographic and study characteristics on prevalence rates. Using guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), we searched PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, ProQuest, and the Web of Science databases for articles published between January 2000 and March 2023. Two reviewers each individually extracted the articles' data and evaluated the reported study's methodological quality using a well-established checklist. Statistical analyses consisted of random effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety across all studies, separate random effects models for distinct demographic (e.g., immigration status) and methodologic (e.g., study quality) subgroups that might have unique prevalence rates, and a meta-regression to identify additional variables (e.g., age of individuals) that might influence prevalence rates. Our review included 17 studies with a total sample population size of 22, 558 participants. Results indicated that the estimated prevalence of depression overall was 48% (CI 34, 63%) and 58% (CI 33, 83%) for the prevalence of anxiety. Our subgroup analyses uncovered notable variations in prevalence rates based on gender composition, immigration status, ethnicity, and research quality while results of the meta-regressions demonstrated effects of publication year and age of the Arab individual on the estimated prevalence of depression and anxiety. The high prevalence rates for depression and anxiety identified through this meta-analysis are very concerning and underscore the urgent need to address mental health concerns in Arab communities. Results of subgroup and meta-regression analyses suggest that refugees, individuals from specific countries of origin, and younger Arabic persons may need particular attention by clinicians in screening for and treating their depression and anxiety. Our results also signify the need for further high-quality studies to more rigorously assess prevalence of these mental health problems, since we found evidence of potential publication bias and approximately one third of the studies in the review had less optimal methodological quality based on our evaluation. Ultimately, in-depth research regarding the causes of anxiety or depression among Arab individuals will be essential to the development of culturally competent interventions that may reduce their very high prevalence rates.

On the crossroads: Gender and career-transitioning experiences of a young transgender employee

Background: Research in gender and sexuality studies focuses on the experiences of LGBTQI communities and how they are discriminated against in societies. Research on career transitioning has focused on how employees navigate their world of work, with fewer studies focusing on career transitioning with transgender employees in the workplace.Objectives: This article aims to provide a unique perspective by delving into the career transition journey of a young transgender male-to-female employee. By exploring her experiences in the workplace, I hope to shed light on the challenges and triumphs of her journey.Method: This article presents a qualitative, phenomenological case study exploring the lived experiences of Angel (pseudonym), a young transgender employee at an educational space, as she navigates gender identity and career transition crossroads. The study employed a face-to-face semi-structured interview as a data collection method.Results: This article shows how Angel struggled to find and become herself in the workplace while navigating her gender and career transition. It demonstrates her lived experiences, the multiple faces of gender and career transitioning, and her journey of being at the workplace.Conclusion: The findings reveal significant challenges faced by transgender employees, including discrimination, microaggressions, and systemic barriers. Training about transgender people and workplace inclusivity should be a strategic priority for organisations.Contribution: This case study contributes to our understanding of the complex intersections between gender transition and career development, highlighting unique challenges faced by transgender employees through discrimination, identity navigation, and systemic barriers. These insights can inform inclusive workplace policies and practices.

Men’s Health in Disasters: A Systematic Scoping Review

Background: Disasters affect men and women unequally. While both male and female populations have their own needs, capacities and vulnerabilities, little is known about the men’s health status in disasters. Thus, the present review is aimed to identify and explain the impacts of disasters on men’s health status in the world. Methods: The current scoping review was conducted using PRISMA protocol 2020. Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus databases were searched using related keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the relevant references. EndNote software, version 17, was applied to manage the citations. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A number of 13 references was selected for final analysis after screening process. Physical and sexual health were the most frequent aspects of men’s health which was studied by the gender and disaster researchers (23.1%). Men’s health aspects in disasters were categorized as physical health, mental health, social health and sexual health. Conclusion: Men are visible as the capable group in disasters and their health needs (physical, mental, social, sexual and spiritual health) may likely not be considered post-disasters. Developing gender analysis tools for assessing the vulnerabilities, needs and health status of male population in disasters as well as establishing a sex-disaggregated database for effective decision-making regarding men’s health during disasters are highly suggested.

Hindered, Overlooked, and Undervalued: Gender Equality in Nordic Blue Economies

The Nordic countries are ranked among the most gender equal countries worldwide. Equality, political, and civil rights, leading to the high participation of women in the workforce, have paved the way for this egalitarian view. However, women remain the minority in managerial positions in general, and they are also strongly underrepresented in many male‐dominated sectors of the blue economy. The aim of this article is to introduce and discuss gender equality in the blue economy, and to assess the status of gender research in the Nordic context. To achieve this, a purposive interdisciplinary literature review resulted in three encompassing themes on how women’s participation is hindered, overlooked, and undervalued. Using these themes as an analytical lens, we propose that the underlying mechanisms are similar within fisheries, aquaculture, and maritime transportation in how they affect women’s participation. Still, there is a lack of statistics and research within parts of the blue sector. To move forward, there needs to be a shift in focus from policy to practice. One starting point could be to implement current knowledge, e.g., regarding workplace design and tailoring equipment to fit a diverse workforce. We call for scaling up best practices and evaluating policy performance and effectiveness. These are prerequisites for sustainable recruitment and retention of the blue sector workforce and the only way forward for countries aspiring to be truly gender equal.

She Doesn’t Even Know She Made Them: Ambiguous Attribution in Italian Exploitation Films

Abstract Starting in the late 1950s, exploitation filmmakers operating in Italy sometimes used pseudonyms, allonyms or prestanomi. This article examines the multiplicity of motivations behind this practice, and attempts to untangle some of the implications of the use of pseudonyms in Italian exploitation cinema, especially as it relates to the complex dynamics of gender and nationality in the film production sector. It compares the case of the alias O. Hellman, which appears in a small number of exploitation films in the 1970s, with similar ones from that period, including ones in which the ambiguity of authorial attribution involves husband and wife teams – an ambiguity fascinatingly compounded by the protectionist measures of Italian film policy and the contradictory evidence of primary and secondary sources. Finally, the article reflects on the implications of this practice on data-based gender research in the Italian film industry.

How do gender norms contribute to stunting in Ntchisi District, Malawi? a qualitative study.

Despite adequate food production and nutrition intervention coverage, stunting remains an enduring problem in Ntchisi, Malawi. Globally, gender and social norms are known to influence nutritional outcomes in children. This study explores how gender norms contribute to child stunting, in Ntchisi district, Central Malawi. Informed by the UNICEF Framework for Malnutrition, nine focus group discussions were conducted with a target population of mothers (n = 24), fathers (n = 23) purposively targeted through growth monitoring sessions, and members of policy and health treatment committees (n = 21), spanning three different areas of Ntchisi district. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis, guided by the framework for Research in Gender and Ethics (RinGs). Three primary themes were identified: 1) gender unequal decision making on the consumption, sale and distribution of food; 2) enshrined community norms influence feeding practices underpinned by gender-based violence; and 3) policy disconnections and gaps that reinforce gender norms regarding nutrition. Themes encompassed practices across household, health treatment, and policy level. Gender norms that underpin inequalities in decision making for production and consumption of food undermine children's nourishment and contributes towards sustained child malnutrition in Ntchisi. Existing policy documents should revise their guidelines to incorporate gender norms as key determinants of malnutrition.

Males or females in solo or group travel: how do they impact travel intentions of potential tourists with different self-construals?

ABSTRACT Despite the growing popularity of solo travel, there is a limited understanding of males or females in solo or group travel, and how such perceptions impact observers’ travel intentions. Based on travel experiences shared online, this research investigates the effects of sharers’ travel mode and gender on travel intentions of potential tourists with different self-construals. With a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment, the study found that people with independent self-construal are more likely to emulate males’ solo versus group travel, while females’ solo or group travel won't influence their travel intentions. And, people with interdependent self-construal are more inclined to follow females’ group versus solo travel, while males’ solo or group travel won't impact their travel intentions. The research revealed that psychological distance is the underlying mechanism. This research contributes to gender research in tourism, solo travel, and travel experience sharing, and offers guidance regarding online content management and social media marketing.

Gender diversity and research productivity in accounting and finance at Australian and New Zealand HEIs

ABSTRACT This study has two main objectives. First, it refreshes investigations into research productivity within the accounting and finance domains across Australian and New Zealand higher education institutions from 2011 to 2022. Second, it reflects on affirmative action in Australia, arguing that its impact on women's experiences should extend beyond mere numerical measures. Analysing 48 top journals reveals a steady increase in research output with notable contributions from the University of New South Wales, Monash University, the University of Sydney, the University of Melbourne, and the University of Queensland. Authors with five or more publications rank in the top 5%, highlighting the difficulty of achieving prolific publishing. Significantly, gender diversity improved, with female authorship rising from 19.27% to 31.73%, indicating a shift towards more inclusive research environments. However, a persistent gender gap among highly published authors suggests ongoing challenges. The study also examines job mobility among top contributors, offering insights into career progression within the academic community. Overall, the findings provide new insights into research productivity, the impact of affirmative action on gender diversity, and career mobility within the academic field of accounting and finance..

Evaluating forest conservation policies of Bhutan: sensitiveness and responsiveness to gender considerations

Putting gender at the centre of policy analysis is a crucial task, yet one rarely accomplished effectively. Gender research in South Asia has increasingly emphasised the importance of evolving dynamics and balancing the gender participation in forest policy and practice. Efforts have been undertaken to enhance women involvement in local governance including forest conservation through policy measures that include community forestry initiatives across South East Asia as well as in Bhutan. However, this has not led to a more equitable role for men and women in the forestry industry since it has not properly addressed the underlying issues of power dynamics and inequality. This investigation aimed to evaluate the incorporation of gender issues in Bhutan's forest policies over 50 years. In order to gauge the level of forest conservation policy responsiveness towards gender needs and demands, we employed content analysis and discourse analysis based on an analytical framework centred on various dimensions including socio-economic, socio-cultural, political and operational procedures. The results highlight that the policies concerning forest conservation utilized gender-neutral language when referring to the larger discourse of communities. Notably, terms with connotations specific to men outweigh those associated with women. While phrases specifically addressing women were irregularly and inconsistently employed in certain policy documents, discerning distinct trends in their usage remains challenging. The analysis underscores that only a limited number of forest policies in Bhutan display gender responsiveness, necessitating a greater comprehension of gender roles in forest conservation.

Gender and Politics Research as a Tool for Societal Change: Lessons from the United Kingdom

Gender and Politics Research as a Tool for Societal Change: Lessons from the United Kingdom

Gender in martial arts and combat sports

Objective: In this paper, we offer a general picture of gender research in sport as a whole, in those specifically understood as masculine, and in martial arts and combat sports (MACS), until refining our scope and focus specifically on karate. Methodology: The Spanish women’s Olympic karate team was researched by us exactly when this MACS achieved the temporary condition of an Olympic sport, in Tokyo 2020 (2021). Results and discussion: We seek to provide a critical perspective on how karate practices and professional interventions require action to become more of an empowering tool/place than one where power is unfairly exerted over others with the excuse of hierarchies and tradition. Conclusion: We conclude the article envisioning and suggesting a few actions that could add to improve karate and broad MACS environments in the direction of more equitable, diverse and inclusive spaces and pedagogy through queering them.

New challenges arise from consolidation of gender, health and transport research

BackgroundBased on a chapter in the recently published 3rd edition of Health of the Move, this article summarizes past and current knowledge regarding how gender, health and transport (GHT) interact, and implications for policy and practice in both transport and health spheres. MethodsThe chapter, ‘Gender, transport and health: Emerging trends and gaps in global research’, comprises an extensive review of research on these topics and their intersections in recent decades. It summarizes key concepts from the earliest publications regarding GHT issues and provides insights from 155 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2023. Results/findings“Gender”, a socially constructed concept reflecting culture-specific perspectives on the roles of men and women, is often used generically to reflect “sex”, that is solely the biological differences. Similarly, the assumption that transport is “gender neutral” remains a powerful arbiter, particularly within engineering and policy. Key findings are: 1) women's mobilities are significantly affected by violence. There is a need to address its association with hegemonic masculinity through sustained focus on the harmful attitudes and behaviours of this gender identity. 2) Women walk more and cycle less than men with positive and negative impacts to health depending on context. Transport infrastructure safety and accessibility must be improved to ensure women's health is equitably associated with travelling actively. 3) Women are more involved in caring for others than men. A gender-sensitive approach to mobilities must consider care-giving needs throughout the lifecycle. ConclusionsGender differences in travel are substantial and highly relevant to health equity. Gender-sensitive planning requires fuller integration of walking, cycling and intermodal solutions into regular transport planning, and requires strong policies to make all transport-related spaces accesible. Major gaps appear in research, particularly how hegemonic masculinity is related to road, gender and criminal violence that clearly limits the mobility of specific groups by gender.

Exploring Trends in Work-Family Conflict and Gender Research with a Bibliometric Approach

Work-family conflict (WFC) is a role conflict where there are pressures from work that conflict with role pressures in the family. The different roles in the family, which in this case is called gender, creates its own conflict for workers. The relationship between WFC and gender is an interesting topic to research considering the shift in roles between men and women today due to economic demands. This study aims to analyze how the development of WFC and gender research from publications in Scopus. WFC and gender research data were obtained through Scopus database and analyzed descriptively using excel. VOSViewer was also used in the research to see the publication trend with the topic of WFC and gender. The results of research related to work family conflict published based on the Scopus database found as many as 1,932 documents. The analysis shows that research related to WFC and gender keywords has increased every year, where America, Europe and Australia are still the regions with the most WFC and gender research. Most publications related to WFC and gender are in the form of articles that are published in journals with the subject area of social science and gender studies. The keywords between WFC and gender in visualization with VOSViewer show that gender and human are the keywords that appear most often.

A MAN IN ROMANCE: THE PORTRAYAL OF THE MALE PROTAGONIST IN NETFLIX’S SERIES “BRIDGERTON” SEASON 1 (2020)

Gender research in the media focuses more on the representation of women and neglects that of men (Brooks & Hébert, 2006; Kimmel et al., 2004). Little research has been conducted to examine the representation of men’s psychological aspects, such as feelings, affection and personality. This paper analyzes Netflix's series Bridgerton Season 1 using a critical discourse analysis approach, to explore how the male protagonist is portrayed visually and linguistically in romance. The findings reveal that while the male protagonist is portrayed as having vulnerabilities and insecurities in love and marriage, he is ultimately depicted with stereotypical masculine traits associated with patriarchal power. Although this depiction of the male protagonist may encourage the audience to embrace the multiplicity of masculinity, it could reinforce male gender norms and raise harmful social expectations on men.

Spanish Doctoral Dissertations on the Properties of Materials in Engineering

We present a bibliometric study of engineering doctoral dissertations focusing on the properties of materials. The study exhaustively examines the production of doctoral theses on material properties in the field of engineering at Spanish universities from 1977 to 2022. The main objective is to analyse the volume and temporal distribution of these theses, explore their production by authors and directors considering gender, and identify the most common descriptors in the research. Technological innovation and progress in engineering materials are essential for social welfare, economic competitiveness, and international cooperation, highlighting the significance of these studies. The results reveal a total of 508 valid theses after a meticulous filtering process, with a notable increase in production post-1998, particularly during 2011–2020. The study highlights the limited presence of women in both authorship and direction of these, indicating male dominance in the field. However, there is an increasing trend of female participation in these academic areas. This study offers detailed insights into the trends and composition of doctoral research in materials engineering in Spain, pointing to important gender dynamics and research themes.

World Society, Women Authors, and the Expansion of Feminist, Gender, Sex, and Sexuality (FGSS) Research in Comparative Education, 1957–2010

World Society, Women Authors, and the Expansion of Feminist, Gender, Sex, and Sexuality (FGSS) Research in Comparative Education, 1957–2010

A Literature Review on the Theme of Female Music in the Accompanying Marriage Songs in Jiahe County, China

The accompanying marriage songs in Jiahe County (hereinafter referred to as JHAMS) are rare female music examples in Chinese folk wedding rituals. They are particularly precious and special for Chinese music research, which does not pay much attention to gender research. This paper uses a qualitative systematic literature review method to search, screen, classify, analyse, and compare the existing gender research literature on JHAMS. It is found that the proportion is only 10.53%, and the research topics are mainly "female psychology" and "female roles." It can be seen that further increasing and deepening the gender research on JHAMS has important exploratory significance and academic value.

Gender and sexual minorities and disaster: balancing structural and agentic perspectives

There is a notable shift in gender and disaster research towards addressing gender and sexual minorities, with a growing body of literature arguing for the need to go ‘beyond the binary’. While critiquing the traditional gender dichotomy remains essential, discarding fundamental concepts such as the binary way in which gender is constructed at the societal level, may undermine efforts to address those marginalised by it. The violence and sexual assaults women are often subjected to in the immediate aftermath of disaster, highlights the critical need to expose the entrenched power dynamics that perpetuate inequality and oppression based on gender. The emerging tension between structural and more individualised, agentic perspectives underscores the need for a comprehensive approach that emphasises the structural as well as the personal dimensions of gender and sexuality in the context of disasters. By recognising and addressing these complexities, gender and disaster research can contribute to an inclusive and equitable disaster management and response framework. This paper provides an overview of gender and disaster research conducted over 10 years and presents findings about the experiences of women, men and people with diverse gender and sexual identities in disaster contexts.

Gender equality in a Chinese rural tourism destination: perspectives of females and males

Gender equality is an important UN sustainable development goal. With tourism often encouraging and favoring female participation, relationships between tourism and gender equality have attracted much research attention. However, being dynamic and highly contextual, the multi-faceted complex of gender and tourism interactions are relevant to both males and females. Therefore, nuanced and contextual case studies incorporating perspectives of both genders is critically needed for gender research in tourism. Drawing from previous research, dimensions of gender equality are deconstructed into gender roles, perspectives, and relationships. Yudong Village, Zhejiang Province, China, was selected as the study site. Field investigations were used, primarily involving semi-structured interviews with multiple actors. Females and males were interviewed to acquire and compare their involvements in and perspectives on tourism and its influences on gender issues. Positive tourism influences on three dimensions of gender equality were acknowledged by both genders. Relationships among changes in gender perceptions, roles and relationships were examined. Agreements and differences between genders and across generations are discussed. Such changes rippled from family circles to rural communities through tourism enhanced social networks and business relationships. This research contributes to a gender balanced understanding of tourism impacts on gender equality. Practical implications are discussed.