Gender Prejudice Research Articles

A phenomenological study of women’s everyday lived experiences and perceptions in science research organizations in India

There has been a significant paucity of representation of women in the fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) on a worldwide scale. Women are more likely to be at a disadvantage than men due to the existence of gender prejudices as well as other social and cultural variables. This tendency is also present in India. Feminist scholars within the Science, Technology, and Society field have conducted thorough examinations of the gender component, despite their relatively small representation. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by female scientists in higher education institutions in India to comprehend these issues. It employs a phenomenological approach, using primary data to investigate how female scientists perceive their day-to-day lives and the world around them, and it focuses on the perceptions and experiences of these women. The study finds that women who work in STEMM fields face a wide variety of challenges and roadblocks both on the personal and professional front. In addition, it highlights certain attitudes that have a negative impact on women working in the field of science, such as the rationalization of institutional prejudices and unwillingness to recognize discrimination. It concludes with a few policy implications.

Female Subjectivity in Flightplan by Robert Schwentke

The historical underrepresentation and misrepresentation of women in the media have the potential to perpetuate gender inequalities and prejudices. This study aims to demonstrate how the film Flightplan by Robert Schwentke depicts female subjectivity and how masculine dominance is shown to affect the female main character's subjectivity, named Kyle Pratt. The researchers use the five C's of cinematographic theory to explore the portrayal of female subjectivity and feminism theory to analyze how the masculine manipulates the main character until her subjectivity arises. The study's findings indicate that although the movie places the female character in a field and situation traditionally dominated by men, it empowers her by portraying her as a character who, with her layered identity as a newly widowed woman, a single mother with one daughter, and a woman herself, who shows her capacity as an independent subject capable of performing qualities and traits normatively constructed as male.

The impact of artificial intelligence on women's empowerment, and work-life balance in Saudi educational institutions.

Gender prejudice and stereotypes are prevalent in the workplace, particularly for women in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) industry, where they can significantly hinder professional development and limit prospects for growth. These challenges contribute to the underrepresentation of executives in AI. However, with the right measures, these barriers can be overcome, leading to a more inclusive and diverse AI industry. Women in this demanding technological domain often face additional difficulties in achieving a work-life balance, further constraining their professional advancement and engagement in the industry. This research aims to examine the implications of AI capabilities on work-life balance and the empowerment of female faculty members in enhancing the efficiency of educational institutions. The research performs a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, using a survey conducted on female faculty of Saudi Arabian universities. The study specifically considers moderating variables such as age, education level, experience, and marital status. The findings, which reveal that AI managerial capability, as well as AI infrastructure agility, impacts work-life balance and empowerment of women faculties in educational institution efficiency, underscore the significance of considering demographic factors when analyzing women's empowerment and work-life balance as outcomes. By exploring these factors, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of how AI capabilities impact women's empowerment and their ability to maintain a work-life balance, ultimately contributing to the efficiency and effectiveness of educational institutions. These results emphasize the value of increasing women's empowerment and raising the standard of performance evaluation systems in educational sectors.

Addressing Shortages in Nursing with Male Representation: A Literature Review

The nursing shortage in the US and all over the world continues to skyrocket. An untapped channel of recruitment that some are considering is men in the nursing profession. Currently a large disparity exists in the representation of men in nursing causing issues with quality of care, diversity, and staffing. Research suggests that nursing recruitment should occur before licensure in order to better address gender stereotypes and prejudice. Early exposure is revealed as a defining factor in enticing men into the profession. Further research reveals that issues related to nurse educator staffing must first be considered to include more men into the profession. Without nurse educators, schools are unable to increase class sizes and admit more men into programs.

The reception of feminist ideas about gender and gender equality in Simone de Beauvoir’s “The second sex” in Vietnam

In recent decades, as the world strives toward a democratic, just, equal, and progressive society for all, significant progress has been made in global gender equality. However, gender-based discrimination regarding fundamental human rights still persists in many places, particularly in poorer countries. These gaps or discriminations stem from gender prejudices that value men over women, and from a lack of profound and comprehensive understanding of women's roles and positions in society, often disregarding the principle of gender equality. Notably, gender equality is one of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, to which Vietnam has committed, aiming to achieve gender equality in key areas of social life. Currently, feminist theories and gender equality concepts are diverse and abundant, encompassing various perspectives. Nevertheless, in practice, women still do not enjoy true equality. In Vietnam, the feminist movement is not a protest against unjust laws or gender-discriminatory institutions, but rather against deeply rooted prejudices and norms that have disadvantaged women for centuries. In the feudal society, the image of women was incredibly diminutive, wholly dependent on men: “Preference for males over females.” These sayings caused women to forget their intrinsic value. Achieving the aforementioned goal requires the realization of freedom for women, progressing toward women's liberation and achieving gender equality. Based on these considerations, this article analyzes the reception of feminist ideas about gender and gender equality in Simone de Beauvoir's "The Second Sex" in Vietnam. By examining the historical and social context of Vietnam, the author aims to demonstrate how feminist ideas on gender equality in Beauvoir's work have influenced the perception of women's roles in contemporary Vietnamese society. The reception of these feminist ideas in Vietnam, whether positive or negative, contributes to a clearer understanding of the development of gender equality thought in the history of humanity in general and in Vietnam in particular.

Barriers and Opportunities for Women Entrepreneurs in Climate-Smart Industries in India

Enhancing women entrepreneurship is being increasingly recognized as a powerful driver for India’s economic growth (Ramya U et al, 2024). This study therefore examines the barriers and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in climate-smart industries in India- a sector that is crucial for sustainable development and economic growth. Although women's contributions to innovation and environmental sustainability are increasingly acknowledged, there are still barriers that prevent them from participating fully in these fields (Srinivasan A et al, 2012). The study identifies key barriers such as access to finance, lack of technical expertise, societal norms, and limited access to networks and mentorship. The prevailing gender prejudices in the entrepreneurial ecosystem exacerbate these barriers, making it more challenging for women to enter and succeed in climate-smart sectors (Arora M, 2024). The paper also highlights emerging opportunities for women entrepreneurs. Government initiatives, increased awareness about climate change, and the global shift towards sustainable practices are creating new avenues for women to engage in green businesses. ¬¬The study suggests that targeted interventions through capacity building and skill development programs, better access to finance and networks along with effective mentorship, can significantly enhance the participation of women in climate-smart industries (Banu J, 2024).

Teaching gender issues: a comparative overview on (in)equality in academia in Southeastern Europe

This study aims to examine gender issues within the framework of the European Union’s primary strategies in its external relations. The European approach, shaped by the multicultural and diverse consortium of member states, emphasizes equality between women and men. It considers factors such as the gender earnings gap in EU countries, job satisfaction, race, immigration, religion, inclusion policies, the feminization of work, work qualifications, and work context. The case studies explore gender topics across various social, political, and religious environments, with a particular focus on former communist countries within the European context. These studies analyze gender misconceptions and prejudices, women’s empowerment, and social constructs in academia.

Gender Equity in Nigeria: A Social-Psychological Explanation of Gender Prejudice

Gender equity is a global phenomenon. One of the central aims of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to eliminate gender disparity, ensure equality and human dignity to all men and women. Promoting gender equity and equality is important part of the development strategy that seeks to empower people (both men and women), diminish poverty and improve the standard of living. However, gender inequalities have existed and still persist in most Africa countries and women are not adequately represented in many social, economic and political activities. Consequently, women particularly in Nigeria are among the most disadvantaged population group. This paper aimed at investigating gender equity, identifying forms and causes of gender prejudice in Nigeria and suggesting plausible efforts and remedies to address the intersectional gender imbalance in this country. To achieve this, the study employed the use of secondary sources data and content analysis as its method of data collection and data analysis respectively. To ameliorate gender inequalities toward realization of millennium goals, the following recommendations were put forward: the need for pragmatic and specific gender- focused policies, programmes and actions across all level of government, using multidimensional strategies in uplifting women in politics, education, administration and security outfits, creation of a special agency - equal opportunities commission under ministry of women affairs in every state to address the issue of gender imbalance and lastly ensuring adequate and sustained media campaign and consistent public sensitization on the issues of gender prejudice with a view to achieving the target of SDGs on gender equality in Nigeria.

Gender, religion and politics: a qualitative analysis on the role of women to a sustainable quality of work-life (QWL)

Purpose Employability skills have transformed from the acquisition of university degrees to possessions of cognate skills other than only degrees that can help employees secure employment in contemporary work environments. This study evaluates essential skills that will prepare millennia of youths and graduates for employment in the present job market. The study investigated four major hypotheses to underscore the employability opportunities of graduates in challenging 21st-century work environments.Design/methodology/approach To clearly gain an understanding of women’s disparity in society, the study employed a qualitative approach to evaluate the incidence of gender prejudice in a men’s dominant world. The study utilised two distinguished sampling strategies, purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, which were deemed suitable and useful due to the nature of the study. The study recruited 42 participants by conducting semi-structured interview sessions for the study. The study employed a deductive approach to analyse the data obtained from participants. A thematic content analysis was used to take away prejudice and establish an overarching impression of the interviewed data. Atlas.ti was used to analyse the transcribed interview data from the participants to establish common themes from the surveyed informants.Findings The results of this investigation indicated that there is a deep-rooted trend of institutionalised men’s dominance in politics and religious leadership. Women perceived less representation and men dominated the two domains of existence in their local environment. The study established that women are optimistic about a turnaround narrative on gender equality in politics and religious leadership. They expressed their concern about strengthened public debate and campaigns on women’s representation, and against gender discrimination. The study further shows that women are influencing the ethical and moral sense for change against women’s neglect in society. They expressed their concerns against the selection of people into political offices for elected political posts and observed the peculiarity of political godfathers fixing their favourite men into those offices.Originality/value The study discovered that women are leading campaigns for their representation in politics as well as church leadership today. The novelty of this study bothering around two domains of women’s lives – politics and religion, in particular, church leadership. These have not been evidence before in a study.

Exploring Work-Life Balance: Challenges and Strategies for Women in the Modern Professional Landscape

The current professional landscape poses distinct difficulties and possibilities for women seeking work-life balance. This research investigates the many hurdles that women experience while managing job expectations with personal life duties, as well as successful techniques for overcoming these obstacles. Gender prejudices, uneven family obligations, and the impact of distant work on personal time are among the most significant difficulties. This study identifies strategies for improving work-life balance for women through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of women's experiences across various industries. These strategies include flexible working arrangements, organizational support, and personal time management techniques. The findings emphasize the necessity of policy changes, workplace culture adjustments, and individual resilience in creating an egalitarian professional environment. By addressing these issues, the research hopes to add to the ongoing discussion on gender equality and work-life integration, providing practical insights for employers, legislators, and female professionals. KEYWORD: Flexible Working Arrangement, Women professionals, Gender equality, Professional landscape, Gender biases, Career and family balance

Children's gender essentialism and prejudice: Testing causal links via an experimental manipulation.

Despite increases in visibility, gender-nonconforming young people continue to be at risk for bullying and discrimination. Prior work has established that gender essentialism in children correlates with prejudice against people who do not conform to gender norms, but to date no causal link has been established. The present study investigated this link more directly by testing whether children's gender essentialism and prejudice against gender nonconformity can be reduced by exposure to anti-essentialist messaging. Children ages 6-10 years of age (N=102) in the experimental condition viewed a short video describing similarities between boys and girls and variation within each gender; children in the control condition (N=102) viewed a corresponding video describing similarities between two types of climate and variation within each. Children then received measures of gender essentialism and prejudice against gender nonconformity. Finally, to ask whether manipulating children's gender essentialism extends to another domain, we included assessments of racial essentialism and prejudice. We found positive correlations between gender essentialism and prejudice against gender nonconformity; both also correlated negatively with participant age. However, we observed no differences between children in the experimental versus control conditions in overall essentialism or prejudice, indicating that our video was largely ineffective in manipulating essentialism. Accordingly, we were unable to provide evidence of a causal relationship between essentialism and prejudice. We did, however, see a difference between conditions on the discreteness measure, which is most closely linked to the wording in the video. This finding suggests that specific aspects of essentialism in young children may be modifiable. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Consistent with prior research, we found that greater gender essentialism was associated with greater prejudice against gender-nonconforming children; both decreased with age. We randomly assigned children to view either an anti-essentialist video manipulation or a control video to test if this relation was causal in nature. The anti-essentialist video did not reduce overall essentialism as compared to the control, so we did not find support for a causal link. We observed a reduction in the dimension of essentialism most closely linked to the anti-essentialist video language, suggesting the potential utility of anti-essentialist messaging.

The power of images: hysteric symptoms as representations of the self

The diagnosis of hysteria, despite being fundamental in the birth of psychiatry, has currently been removed from nosography. This choice speaks of the renunciation by contemporary nosography of understanding psychopathological conditions as structural entities, with internal coherence and meaningfulness – which on the contrary should be reconsidered. Hysteria represents a mirror of social and cultural changes. The metamorphoses throughout history of hysterical symptoms reflect the changing interests of medicine (the greater legitimation of somatic symptoms over psychic ones) and, in general, mirror the increasing importance of images in the contemporary world. Despite its nosographical fragmentation, hysteria continues to be talked about. Phenomenologically, hysteria is described not as a diagnosis but as an existential position, freeing it from gender prejudices. Hysterical persons suffer from a hypo-sufficiency of the self, from a difficulty in feeling from within, which ends up hypertrophying the identity definitions coming from without: the gaze of others, socio-cultural stereotypes, gender models. Visibility therefore takes on a central role, and images become a vehicle to represent oneself – capable of attracting the attention of others and enchanting them. Different powers have been attributed to images throughout the history of thought: that of paralyzing, that of moving to action, that of underlining the contingency of experience. Hysterical persons embody images, generating with their symptoms a world of representations. However, what characterizes hysteria is not the symptom, but the use made of that symptom: it becomes a catalyst for the gaze of others, which allows one to assume an otherwise lacking identity-consistency. For this reason, hysterical persons are not only passively subject to their symptoms, but actively make use of them in interpersonal relations.

The Strategies of Turkish Female Managers to Break Glass Ceiling

The number of female employees in the business world is increasing daily; however, managerial positions have disadvantages. They are not significantly represented in corporate leadership positions. The fragile and transparent but real barrier that prevents qualified women from advancing to senior management positions has been conceptualised as the glass ceiling in the literature. This study aims to identify and conceptualise Turkish female managers' strategies to break the glass ceiling through the qualitative research method within the framework of elements that create a glass ceiling, such as gender discrimination and gender prejudices in society, organisational culture, some female-specific behavioural faults, personal compromises and encouragers for a career. Content analysis of the interviews conducted with senior female managers was carried out using the MAXQDA software program. As a result of the study, it has been determined that Turkish female managers apply different strategies in three areas: work-life and family balance, professional life, and career path. These are inspiring strategies for women at all management levels, which they can use to advance their career paths. Among these strategies, the approach that the organisation can support will also be a guide for human resources management practitioners, managers and leaders, and organisational structure and culture designers.

Gender Stereotype Awareness and Prejudice: Effects on Female Career Advancement in the Media Industry

Gender Stereotype Awareness and Prejudice: Effects on Female Career Advancement in the Media Industry

Women in politics: examining their impact on policy development — A comprehensive review

The representation of women in political offices has expanded in every country over the last few decades. Commencing with a historical overview, this review underscores the persistent obstacles and cultural constraints that have hindered women's political engagement. The primary focus is on identifying and dissecting impediments such as ingrained gender prejudices, unequal access to education, and sociocultural constraints. This comprehensive examination explores the crucial role of women in politics and their profound impact on policy formulation. Global attention has increased on gender equity and women's political representation, emphasizing the importance of understanding how women's participation in political decision-making processes influences policy outcomes. The involvement of women in politics, particularly in poorer countries where health and education are priority sectors, has led to improvements in the delivery of public services. The review delves into the political empowerment of women, highlighting the positive social change and role modeling that women in politics can provide in their local areas. Recent studies suggest that the makeup of public expenditure may not necessarily reflect the impact of female representation on legislative debates and specific policy decisions. Female participation has enhanced institutional quality by reducing corruption and yielding benefits for those in positions of responsibility. The review advocates for greater gender diversity in political decision-making by examining obstacles, proposing solutions, and emphasizing the ongoing need for research and advocacy to support and promote the invaluable contributions of women to global policy development.

Scriptwriters’ Conceptions of Audience Attitudes Toward LGBTQ+ Characters

ABSTRACT Drawing on media production studies, this research observes the understudied figure of the scriptwriters of fictional series to identify their feelings about different audiences and the way they respond to LGBTQ+ characters and narratives. Specifically, it seeks to understand how they use these mental images of their audiences when they create LGBTQ+ content. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with twenty scriptwriters of different genders and sexual identities. A thematic analysis of their responses shows that they mostly have stereotypical mental images of their audiences’ preferences regarding LGBTQ+ characters and contents, which these scriptwriters actively draw upon in their work. Moreover, those images are based on their personal life experiences. Young LGBTQ+ scriptwriters are the only ones who tend not to conceive audiences as conservative or traditionalist. It is also observed that female and gay scriptwriters employ narrative strategies to protect queer audiences, female writers are inclined toward emotionally supportive portrayals, and gay writers develop characters that defend LGBTQ+ rights. The conclusion is that the creation of LGBTQ+ characters for TV series requires diverse teams of writers and literacy on sexual and gender prejudices, even among queer scriptwriters.

Research on the Rebellious Spirit of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind

The novel Gone with the Wind is a great work by Margaret Mitchell. For a long time, it has been one of the bestsellers on novel shelves. This novel records the social situation during the American Civil War and the heroines life experiences. It successfully portrays the classical image of females in literary history. Scarlett is a woman who has a rebellious spirit. This paper analyzes Scarlett s power against traditional gender prejudices, moral concepts, setbacks, and lifestyles.

THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN IMPROVING WOMEN’S HEALTH

As the primary United Nations (UN) framework for achieving "integrated and indivisible" goals across the three distinctive components of sustainable development—the social, environmental, and economic—the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development entered into force in January 2016. Health and well-being are a social dimension and the third goal of SDG. Although men and women have different healthcare needs, both have a right to lead healthy lives. However, due to issues like scarce financial resources and travel constraints, gender prejudice continually prevents many women and girls from accessing health care. By 2030, the SDG aims to globally reduce maternal mortality to fewer than 70 per 100,000 live births. By 2030, make sure that everyone has access to family planning, information, education, and the inclusion of reproductive health into national plans and activities. Education is typically considered a resource at the individual level by health researchers. However, within social connections, education is probably both an intra-individual and an inter-individual health resource. The inclusion of personal hygiene teachings in the school curricula, as well as free and universal compulsory education, which has resulted in widespread literacy, has greatly increased women's knowledge of health issues. In this paper, the main topic is the effect of education on women's health. The amount of newborn and child mortality, maternal mortality, communicable and non-communicable diseases, and awareness of all types of health issues are significantly influenced by women's education. Almost all of the other goals are influenced by health and education, which are the subjects of SDG 3 and SDG 4, which are both focused on health and well-being. For instance, universal health coverage (UHC) can help reduce poverty (SDG 1) by protecting individuals from a significant source of financial hardship, and good health can promote increased employment and economic growth (SDG 8). Strong healthcare systems can shield citizens from the negative social and financial effects of epidemics and other medical emergencies. Therefore, this essay aims to explain how higher education contributes to the long-term health and well-being of women in Haryana.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАТОРСЬКИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ ЖІНКИ-УПРАВЛІНЦЯ

The individual task is devoted to the development of managerial abilities of a female manager in a modern environment. The research study examines an important aspect of modern management aimed at understanding the unique characteristics and success of women in leadership and management roles. The study is aimed at determining the key aspects of the organizational abilities of women managers, which can affect the effectiveness of their activities in the business environment. The program focuses on improving leadership, communication and strategic decision-making skills. The study aims to support women in developing their management skills for successful leadership. It is based on the study of psychological aspects of leadership, communication strategies, conflict management skills and developing emotional intelligence. The program also includes elements of mentoring and practical exercises to improve management skills and create an enabling environment for female leadership in today's business. Within the framework of the study, the individual features of women's leadership style are analyzed, in particular, their ability to communicate, solve problems, motivate the team, and think strategically. The impact of gender stereotypes and prejudices on decision-making processes and opportunities for women managers is considered. The study also looks at practical aspects, such as successful case studies of female managers in various industries and their strategies for overcoming difficulties associated with stereotypes and limitations. The possibilities of ways to support and develop the organizational abilities of women in the conditions of a competitive business environment are highlighted. This study is an important step towards achieving the development of better management strategies in the modern business environment. The main task of the article is to understand the peculiarities of the behavior of women managers and their significant impact on organizational dynamics.

People Who Accommodate Others’ Sexist Views Are Themselves Perceived to Be Sexist

We extend work on how, when, and why people accommodate another's bias by drawing from attribution theories and research on evaluative transfer to investigate how observers reasoned about an actor who accommodated the sexist views of another person. As predicted, participants made stronger internal, sexist attributions for actors who accommodated (vs. rejected) another person's sexism (Study 1). Moreover, participants made stronger sexist attributions when a male (vs. female) actor accommodated a man's prejudice against women, and they responded more negatively as a result. The same actor-gender effect emerged in Study 2, except when the decision to accommodate someone else's sexism contradicted the actor's previous hiring intentions. Across studies, stronger attributions to the sexism of the actor were associated with participants’ negative reactions to the decision and proposed penalties for the actor, and partly explained why participants reacted more negatively when a male (vs. female) actor accommodated gender prejudice. To reduce gender employment discrimination, our findings suggest that organizational leaders may develop interventions that rely on social norms, raising awareness among hiring managers that, although accommodating sexism might seem to align with their job duties, others view it negatively and actively penalize individuals who engage in it. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231221501