Gender Identity Research Articles

Alcohol Use Disparities Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: An Intersectional Investigation.

This study examined an intersectional perspective on alcohol use disparities within transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) adults. We examined the data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (N = 27,715), a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of TGNB adults. The number of drinking days and the number of binge-drinking days were primary outcomes. Analyses followed a multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy approach to examine alcohol disparities across gender identities (transgender, nonbinary and crossdresser) and intersections with race/ethnicity, age, sex assigned at birth and dis/ability status. Significant identity-related differences existed within TGNB communities across all facets of identity. Relative to the sample average, individuals at the intersection of White and crossdressers reported elevated levels of alcohol use. Further, effects were most pronounced across combinations of transgender, nonbinary, White and Black participants to accurately describe alcohol risk in subpopulations relative to examining risk associated with each one of these identities independently. Disparities in alcohol use among TGNB adults are best understood from an intersectional perspective. Affirming public health initiatives for alcohol use should consider identity-related differences across TGNB communities. Results provide the first evidence that alcohol use disparities exist across gender and intersecting identities in a large sample of TGNB adults. Findings lay the groundwork for future research examining mechanisms responsible for these disparities.

“You’re Not Like the Rest of Them”: Navigating Prison While Researching Islam

ABSTRACT This article critically examines the complexities of studying Islam in Belgian prisons through ethnographic fieldwork, addressing issues of researcher integration, institutional constraints, gaining trust and the spatial dimensions of interviews. A particular focus is placed on the role of the researcher’s gender and religious identity, as well as the fluidity of insider and outsider status in prison ethnography. The article underscores the necessity of reflexivity in navigating these methodological and ethical challenges. Additionally, it examines the broader implications of conducting ethnographic research in closed settings, emphasizing the importance of adapting research strategies to institutional and interpersonal constraints. By analyzing these dynamics, this study offers a deeper understanding of the methodological intricacies inherent to prison ethnography.

Critical-constructivist grounded theory research: A methodology for the critical study of gender, masculinities, and other identities.

Critical-constructivist grounded theory research: A methodology for the critical study of gender, masculinities, and other identities.

State Bans on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts and Youth Suicidality.

To assess the impact of state legislation banning healthcare workers from using sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts with minors (attempts to convert sexual and gender diverse individuals to be heterosexual and/or cisgender; also known as "conversion therapies") on adolescent suicidality. We used high school student responses to the 2011-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Using a quasi-experimental stacked difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we estimated the association between bans and rates of seriously considering suicide in the past year. In states that included sexual orientation survey questions, we assessed the association between bans and considering suicide for sexual minority and heterosexual youth. Retrospective analysis of 181,950 youth across four treatment states (Illinois, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Maryland) and 240,268 youth across 25 control states. Treatment states included those that: (1) passed bans during the study period, (2) passed bans independent of antibullying and nondiscrimination laws, and (3) participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for one wave before and one wave after passing a ban. For secondary analyses by sexual identity, 11 control states were available. Among respondents, 17% reported seriously considering suicide in the prior year. In the 2 years following sexual orientation and gender identity change effort bans, rates of considering suicide were 2.9 percentage points lower (95% CI: -4.2, -1.6) in states with bans compared to control states. Improvements appeared to be larger for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth (4.6 percentage point reduction; 95% CI: -6.4, -2.8) than for heterosexual youth. Reductions were statistically significant in Illinois, Connecticut, and Rhode Island compared to control states, but not in Maryland. State laws banning sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts by healthcare providers for minors were associated with reduced rates of considering suicide among high school students.

Sexual Health of US Transgender Boys, Nonbinary Youth, and Cisgender Girls.

Research documenting the pregnancy experiences of transgender boys and nonbinary youth assigned female at birth (AFAB) in the US is lacking. To examine AFAB youth sexual health indicators by gender. Self-reported data were collected cross-sectionally from 2018 through 2020. Initial analyses were conducted in 2023 and analyses were finalized in September 2024. The study took place online, across the 50 US states and Washington, DC. Eligible participants were 14 to 16 years old, read English, and had internet access. Sexual health (ie, self-reported pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections [STIs] lifetime prevalence, condom use, and use of other forms of birth control at last penile-vaginal or penile-anal sex). Based on weighted data (sample sizes are unweighted), 2109 cisgender girls, 348 transgender boys, and 458 nonbinary AFAB youth were included in analyses. There were 44 transgender boys (14%; 95% CI, 9.4-20.1; P = .24), 67 AFAB nonbinary youth (14%; 95% CI, 10.8-18.8; P = .18), and 397 cisgender girls (18%; 95% CI, 16.0-19.7) who reported ever having penile-vaginal sex. Rates for penile-anal sex were also similar by gender (4% to 6%). Lifetime pregnancy rates were higher for transgender boys (5 [9%]; 95% CI, 2.7-27.1; P = .23) than cisgender (18 [4%]; 95% CI, 2.5-7.1) girls, although not statistically significantly so. Pregnancy rates were similar for AFAB nonbinary youth (5 [5%]; 95% CI, 1.9-13.3; P = .73) compared with cisgender girls. Lifetime STI rates were universally low for all AFAB youth (0.5% to 2.0%). Mean age at first penile-vaginal sex was lower for AFAB nonbinary youth (mean age, 13.6 years; SE, 0.4; P = .003) and transgender boys (mean age, 13.9 years; SE, 0.3; P = .06) compared with cisgender girls (mean age, 14.4 years; SE, 0.1). Condom use at last penile-anal or penile-vaginal sex for transgender boys (24 [16%]; 95% CI, 9.5-27.0; P < .001) and AFAB nonbinary youth (33 [24%]; 95% CI, 16.4-34.2; P < .001) was half that of cisgender girls (245 [49%]; 95% CI, 44.1-54.2). Use of birth control other than condoms at last sex was lower for AFAB nonbinary youth (18 [28%]; 95% CI, 16.2-44.5; P = .14), but similar for transgender boys (20 [42%]; 95% CI, 23.4-62.4; P = .69) compared with cisgender girls (167 [44%]; 95% CI, 38.6-50.0). In this cross-sectional study of sexual health among AFAB youth with a diversity of gender identities, transgender boys were more likely, and nonbinary youth, similarly likely, as cisgender girls to be pregnant during adolescence. Even though overall rates of penile-vaginal sex were similar for transgender boys and AFAB nonbinary youth compared with cisgender girls, half as many transgender boys and AFAB nonbinary youth who had this type of sex used a condom at last sex compared with cisgender girls. As with cisgender girls, transgender boys and AFAB nonbinary youth need to be engaged in affirming and inclusive sexual health education.

Multimodal Gender Representation in Indonesian EFL Textbooks

Textbooks play a significant role in shaping learners' understanding of societal norms, including gender roles. Traditionally, educational materials have reinforced gender stereotypes by associating leadership and professional success with men, while positioning women in domestic and supportive roles. This study explores the multimodal representation of gender in the "English for Change for SMA/MA Grade XI" textbook, examining how text, images, and audio elements contribute to the construction of gendered identities. Using a qualitative approach and employing Critical Discourse Analysis, the study identifies recurring patterns in gender portrayal, revealing that although some content challenges traditional stereotypes, implicit biases remain, especially in the representation of occupations and gendered colors. The findings suggest that textbooks can play a transformative role in promoting gender equality by providing more inclusive and balanced representations. The study highlights the need for revising educational materials to reflect diverse gender identities and roles, fostering an environment that encourages critical thinking and challenges entrenched gender norms.

Development Of Parenting Modules For Parental Knowledge In The Prevention Of Sexual Orientation Deviations From An Early Age In Early Childhood

This research aims to develop a parenting module as a strategy to prevent sexual orientation deviations from an early age in the PAUD Unit. This module is designed to increase parents’ understanding of their role in shaping children’s gender identity healthily and by applicable social norms and cultural values. This research uses the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model approach. The study subjects were parents of early childhood who were in the PAUD Unit in Pondok Melati and Jatisampurna Districts, Bekasi City. The results of the study show that many parents have limitations in understanding gender and sexuality issues and lack the skills to provide the proper education to their children. Therefore, the parenting module developed in this study is focused on improving parental literacy through pocketbooks and parenting training. The implementation of this parenting module shows a significant increase in parents’ understanding and readiness to guide their children. In addition, this module has also received validation from early childhood education and psychology experts, who consider this approach relevant and can be applied in various family settings.

“All I Want is to Leave, but When I Do, I Never Truly Leave”: Queering Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT Peace accords do not necessarily bring about sustainable peace if continued dialogues are not maintained in post-peace accord societies. Certain communities still face more obstacles in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia throughout), and some volatile circumstances bring uncertainties for people, even after accords, such as the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA), are signed. Although many studies have investigated reconciliation and prevailing interethnic violence among ethnic groups, addressing reconciliation within the context of queer individuals remains a significant research gap. In particular, the concept of “queering reconciliation” has been insufficiently investigated. Thus, a crucial dimension of post-conflict healing for sexual and gender identities has been largely unexamined in the literature. As proposed in this article, Bosnia cannot achieve sustainable reconciliation without a deep commitment to social justice, mostly because this highlights the need to identify and resolve the underlying issues faced by Bosnia’s LGBTQIA+/queer people. By highlighting perceptions of reconciliation, justice, and peacebuilding in post-peace accord Bosnia among 43 LGBTQIA+ individuals, this article sheds light on how the current political sphere forces many young individuals to make life-altering decisions, including permanently leaving their home country behind. Thus, the article offers an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon—commonly referred to as the “gay drain”—with the goal of uncovering not just its implications and complexities but also its links with broader cultural and socioeconomic paradigms. In particular, this work focuses on reconciliation and coexistence so that queer and other Bosniak/Serbian/Croatian citizens can harmoniously live in shared spaces within post-peace accord Bosnia.

Understanding your transgender child

“Transgender is an umbrella terms for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.” So begins a valuable information piece from the American Psychological Association (APA). The word “transsexual” is outdated, according to the APA Style guide, but it should be used for an individual who claims it. “Transgender” is the more common term, and the shorthand is “trans.”

Body Mass Index, Sleep, and Food Insecurity Predict Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in College Students.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between mental health, health behaviors, and food security in young adults in a university environment. Young adults (N = 536) at two United States universities completed a survey assessing health behaviors and characteristics. Logistic regression determined the odds of anxiety and/or depression based on gender identity, body mass index (BMI), food security status (FSS), and sleep restfulness. Over one-third of students were food insecure (36.7%), and almost all reported anxiety (57%) and/or depression (39.1%). Students who identified as female, reported very low FSS, poor sleep, and had higher BMI were at greater odds for the prevalence of depression. Students with poor sleep and low FSS were more likely to report mental health challenges. Universities should focus on priorities and interventions among at-risk students.

Empowering Women: A Human Rights Perspective on Gender Equality in Northeast India

Empowering women in Northeast India is crucial to achieving gender equality and realizing human rights. This region, characterized by its ethnic diversity and unique socio-cultural fabric, presents both challenges and opportunities in addressing gender disparities. Despite remarkable strides made in education and social spheres, women in Northeast India continue to face issues such as limited access to resources, violence, discrimination, and socio-economic exclusion. From a human rights perspective, this paper examines the role of empowerment in advancing gender equality in the region, emphasizing legal reforms, education, economic participation, and political representation. The intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, and regional identity is explored to understand the unique challenges women in this area face. By integrating human rights principles with local cultural contexts, the paper calls for a collaborative approach between state and non-state actors to build a more inclusive society where women’s rights are fully realized and protected.

EXPLORING QUALITY OF LIFE IN TRANS MEN, TRANS WOMEN, AND NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS IN DENMARK - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

EXPLORING QUALITY OF LIFE IN TRANS MEN, TRANS WOMEN, AND NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS IN DENMARK - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

SEX TOY USE IN THE SEXUALITY OF TRANS AND NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS

SEX TOY USE IN THE SEXUALITY OF TRANS AND NONBINARY INDIVIDUALS

Tsuru Aoki and Anna May Wong: Clothing, Life and Death, and The Ambivalence toward the Haunting Past

This research employs Anna Anlin Cheng’s concept of Ornamentalism to examine the costumes in three Hollywood films featuring Asian actresses: Tsuru Aoki’s The Wrath of the Gods and The Dragon Painter, as well as Anna May Wong’s Daughter of the Dragon. While Tsuru Aoki is often overshadowed by her association with Sessue Hayakawa, her contributions as an esteemed actress in early cinema deserve more focused examination. Similarly, Anna May Wong’s Daughter of the Dragon has not received the scholarly attention it warrants. This research aims to bridge these gaps by analyzing the culturally specific costumes that shape the star images of Aoki and Wong, both on and off the screen. Additionally, the study explores how costumes interact with culturally specific visual elements, narrative structures, and the female body to construct and deconstruct Asian racial identities within these films. By considering the transnational reception of these films and the sensory and material culture surrounding their production, this research reveals the ongoing dialogues and interdependencies among American and Asian women during the early 20th century as they navigated and shaped their racial and gender identities.

IMPACT, NEEDS, AND GENDER DISPARITIES AMONG YOUNG EVANGELICAL ADULTS IN FRANCE

IMPACT, NEEDS, AND GENDER DISPARITIES AMONG YOUNG EVANGELICAL ADULTS IN FRANCE

Neuroanatomical insights into gender identity: the role of hypothalamic subregions in therapy-naive transgender individuals

Neuroanatomical insights into gender identity: the role of hypothalamic subregions in therapy-naive transgender individuals

SEXOLOGICAL BODYWORK AS A COMPLEMENTARY METHOD TO SEX THERAPY FOR TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS

SEXOLOGICAL BODYWORK AS A COMPLEMENTARY METHOD TO SEX THERAPY FOR TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS

THE IMPACT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY ON SEXUAL DESIRE IN TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS

THE IMPACT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY ON SEXUAL DESIRE IN TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS

SEXUAL HEALTH AND VIOLENCE, A SUBJECT WORTH ASKING ABOUT? ADAPTATION OF SEXUAL HEALTH IDENTIFICATION TOOL FOR ADULTS (SEXIT-A)

SEXUAL HEALTH AND VIOLENCE, A SUBJECT WORTH ASKING ABOUT? ADAPTATION OF SEXUAL HEALTH IDENTIFICATION TOOL FOR ADULTS (SEXIT-A)

Demographic and psychosocial characterisation of transgender and gender-diverse youngsters referred to the danish gender identity service

Demographic and psychosocial characterisation of transgender and gender-diverse youngsters referred to the danish gender identity service