Gender Equality Perspective Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF THE KARTINI FILM ON GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVES: A CASE STUDY OF ADOLESCENTS AT SMAN 24 CENTRAL JAKARTA

In Javanese society, women are traditionally expected to embody qualities like gentleness, obedience, and loyalty. Indonesian culture dictates specific roles for men and women, with men typically occupying public spaces and women confined to domestic spaces. The film Kartini represents a modern resistance against patriarchal norms by showcasing women's equal capabilities and potential contributions in various sectors, challenging societal expectations. By portraying women as equally capable in domestic and public spheres, the film challenges the prevailing patriarchal culture in Indonesian society. The main focus of the current study will be to focus on the Kartini film in knowing the effect it produces on the perspective of gender equality. This research will be useful based on two aspects, namely academic benefits and practical benefits. The expected practical benefit is that the results of this study can be useful for students to change their perspective on gender equality, and academic benefits can also be taken, namely to make this research as a basis for students if they will conduct research that is in line with this discussion. In the context of the current research using quantitative methods by involving active respondents from SMAN 24 Jakarta students. The data collection process uses a questionnaire distributed through the Google Forms link and then processed using a simple linear analysis technique. The results showed that the Kartini film had a significant influence on the Gender Equality Perspective of Adolescents at SMAN 24 Jakarta.

The Perspective of Gender Equality in Francisca Senhorinha

Objective: To reflect on the approach and impact of Francisca Senhorinha's thought and work from a socio-historical perspective, relaunched in the current themes of ideology and gender issues, along with the empowerment at the time in terms of communication of the ideal and formation of women in her time, assessing how she influenced the feminist movement in 19th century Brazil and the impact of her contributions in the fight for the emancipation of women in a very challenging socio-political context. Theoretical Framework: The research is fundamentally centred on relevant studies and references on the author and the issues associated with the subject under study, with particular emphasis on research that the author inspired in the state, in the country and in the world. Thus contributing to a theoretical framework close to that associated with Bárbara Souto's work entitled "Senhora do seu destino: Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz e Josephina Alvares de Azevedo - projetos de emancipação feministas na imprensa brasileira (1873-1894)" (2013). Method: Narrative literature review, seeking to describe and discuss the current state of the research topic, particularly with regard to authors who consolidate and substantiate the author's perspective on which the research is centred. Results and Discussion: A theoretical-discursive approach based on a relational triad between concepts, authors and literary-communicational work in the press with implications (direct and indirect) in the evolutionary framework of the theme adopted in this research. Implications of the research: to constitute, this time and for the future, a set of findings and considerations that can help reflection on history and its makers, in certain subjects and themes of great value in contemporary discourse in the light of current concerns and the demands of modern society. Originality/Value: This study addresses, in a unique way, the originality of Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz's work, which lies mainly in her pioneering and multifaceted work as an educator, feminist and abolitionist at a time when women, especially black women, faced serious social and institutional restrictions. Her inspiring legacy empowers the areas that are central to a world that wants to be democratic and free, essentially aimed at protecting and promoting "Education for All", within a framework of values based on equality and fraternity between peoples, thus helping to build a fairer and more inclusive society.

How Ethical Is It to Rely on Artificial Intelligence with Biased Facial Recognition?

This paper examines the ethics and current situation of facial recognition from the perspective of racial and gender equality. Facial recognition is a fairly new image analytics technology. It consists of face detection, which dissociates the face from the background, and facial recognition, which compares unique features of an individual’s face to a database and biometrics of sample faces. The primary ethical concern with this technology is biased teaching. Statistics show that a darker-skinned female is significantly less likely to be detected and recognized with the correct identity than a lighter-skinned male. Many works on this issue, some mentioned and analyzed in this paper, underscore the morally and ethically problematic use of this technology in a wide range of important fields considering that facial recognition technology is still in its infancy, and the consequences of misidentification can be severe.

준강간에서 피해자가 음주 후 수면 중 심신상실 또는 항거불능의 탐색

This study explores the criteria for determining whether a victim of a sexual crime was in a state of mental loss or unable to resist due to intoxication and sleep at the time of the alleged rape by the defendant. To this end, this paper reviewed literature and court cases regarding Quasi-Rape. Academically, blackout and passing out are significantly mentioned in relation to alcohol consumption, whereas in court cases, the focus is often on whether the victim's mental state during sleep after drinking, which is not unconsciousness but a weakened or incomplete state of consciousness, constitutes an inability to resist. However, recent Supreme Court rulings highlight that in cases where time has passed and the victim later claims to have been in a state of inability to resist, the judge must make a highly logical judgment based on a comprehensive review of various evidences, including not only the victim's statement but also the defendant's. In conclusion, first, there exists a factual difference in perspective on attempted rape cases depending on the judge's gender, and even though the judge's decision is logical, it can still be subjective, indicating a need for the development of objective measures for mental loss or inability to resist. Second, it is appropriate for the prosecution or court to request expert analysis of statements, considering both the victim's and the defendant's statements. Third, more specific legal standards are needed for the ‘significantly difficult situation’ in the case of inability to resist. Fourth, since most attempted rape cases involve the victim alleging rape and the defendant alleging consensual sex, it appears necessary to typify the patterns of rape and consensual sex from a gender-equality perspective and provide judges with additional criteria for judgment.

The Efforts to Enhance Gender-Based Health Promotion Among Beneficiary Families of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Sukoharjo Regency

This research aims to elucidate genderbased health promotion within the Family Hope Program (PKH). The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing data from secondary sources and related studies. Analysis reveals that the program targets beneficiary families. The focus of healthcare access for PKH recipients traditionally centers around seeking medical assistance when ill, pregnant, or during childbirth, necessitating a shift towards promoting healthy lifestyles for all family members with a gender equality perspective. Sukoharjo Regency has yet to receive the Parahita Ekapraya Award (APE) unlike other areas in Central Java. Training and advocacy for officials within the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) remain suboptimal. The research recommends utilizing families as the intervention base and adopting a fresh perspective in programs to instigate behavioral changes toward gender equality. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical, methodological, and theoretical dimensions, where gender theory serves as a primary component in program evaluation.

A behavioural analysis of outdoor thermal comfort in a hot, arid climate: a culture and gender equality perspective

This study investigated how gender influences subjective comfort perceptions and behavioural adaptations, to establish the limits of the thermal sensation scale for males and females in the hot, arid climate of Al Ain, in the UAE. It is the first of its kind in the Gulf Cooperation Countries. Two locations on a university campus, reflecting cultural traditions, were compared. Data collected through interviews, observations, and measurements showed that males and females have different thermal comfort ranges (22.1–33.4°C PET for males, 21.2–32.7°C for females). Factors like perceived control over exposure to discomfort influenced thermal sensation. The study suggests urban planning should consider gender equality to improve outdoor thermal comfort and encourage the use of open spaces, indicating socio-economic influences on thermal adaptation in the region.

Populists’ struggle for epistemic hegemony and anti-gender attacks on higher education in authoritarian contexts: the case of Turkey

ABSTRACT Focusing on the gendered modalities of the illiberal attacks on universities under the Justice and Development Party (AKP) rule, this article explores the ways in which illiberal actors’ anti-genderism and their quest for scientific authorization intersect in contemporary Turkey, leading to a paradigm shift towards illiberal science perspectives. It analyzes 3 modes of discursive-institutional interventions into higher education (HE) that display gendered modalities: 1. Reversal of gender-sensitive policy frameworks, 2. Alternative politics of knowledge cultivated through new epistemic institutions, 3. Suppression of students’ LGBTI+ activism and visibility on university campuses. It argues that AKP’s gendered attacks on HE operate both as a backlash drawing on repressive strategies that dismantle gender equality perspectives, as well as an alternative form of politics of knowledge with proactive strategies and new institutions replacing critical gender lenses. As a result, the article contributes to the scholarship on populism, politics of knowledge, and anti-gender politics with a focus on three points: 1. Anti-genderism as a key epistemic field in illiberal populist politics of knowledge, 2. Combination of repressive and oppressive strategies as an effective strategy of mainstreaming anti-gender knowledge in HE, 3. the opportunistic synergy between illiberal state actors and anti-gender academia, media, and civil society.

Does Working from Home Increase the Gender Wage Gap? Insights from an Italian Survey of Occupations

ABSTRACT This article investigates to what extent the working from home (WFH) feasibility of occupations can influence the gender wag gap (GWG) at the mean and along the wage distribution. Based on Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions and unconditional quantile regressions, results show that the GWG is greater among women working in an occupation with a high level of WFH feasibility. We find evidence of both sticky floor and glass ceiling effects for employees with high WFH feasibility and only a sticky floor effect for the group with low WFH feasibility. The positive association revealed between the level of WFH feasibility and the GWG appears particularly strong among older and married women employees. These results underscore that the WFH feasibility may play an important role in exacerbating future gender gaps in wages, as WFH is expected to remain a normal practice beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. HIGHLIGHTS Working from home (WFH) feasibility of occupations influences the gender wage gap (GWG) in Italy. GWG is overall wider among employees with high WFH feasibility than employees with low WFH feasibility. The GWG is higher among older and married women employees. A possible explanation is Italy’s ungenerous work–family policies and poor childcare availability. There is a need for policies aimed at regulating WFH from a gender-equality perspective.

Wybrane obszary funkcjonowania kobiet w pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce (na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej)

The aim of the research is to analyze research reports, articles and diaries showing how women function during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of my analyzes was quantitative and qualitative data showing differences in the functioning of women and men during the pandemic, along with their real and potential consequences from the perspective of gender equality. Although I was mainly interested in the situation of women in the text, the adopted perspective of gender equality required me to often (for comparative purposes) compile data regarding men. The article attempts to answer the question: What changes in particular areas of women’s social functioning have been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? I decided to use nonreactive research using the method of analyzing existing data. My research shows that the Covid pandemic has caused unfavorable changes from the perspective of gender equality, not only in Poland, but also in other countries belonging to the European Union. Women suffered health consequences, felt exhausted by their duties and returned to stereotypical social roles. Despite the attempts to eliminate gender inequality in European Union countries (including Poland), the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reversed progress in these activities.

양성평등의 관점을 반영한 과학 교과서가 초등학생의 과학진로인식과 과학자 이미지에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of science textbooks which reflect the perspective of gender equality on the elementary school students' perceptions of science careersand scientist image. To conduct the study, students in the third grade were taught using textbooks written mostly by male scientists as a comparative class. The experimental class was taughtusing textbooks written by similar ratios of male and female scientists. Then, the impact was analyzed a month later. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference in the perceptionof scientific career paths among the students in the experimental and comparative classes, indicating that students who studied using the science textbooks which reflected the perspectiveof gender equality had a more positive perception of scientific career paths than those who used books written predominantly by male scientists. The results of the examination of thescientist’s image showed no statistically significant difference, yet in the experimental class, the proportion of the students who drew male scientists decreased, and the proportion of studentswho drew female scientists increased, which did not happen in the comparative class, where the proportion of the students who drew male scientists increased, and the proportion of students who drew female scientists decreased. Based on the results of the study on the impact of science textbooks on the students' perceptions, suggestions were given to further revise the 2022 revised elementary school science textbook currently being developed.

The National and International Legal Framework Related to Family Relations Seen from the Perspective of Gender Equality

Gender-based discrimination is a long-standing problem of society and of the family in particular. While the possibilities of identifying the phenomenon of discrimination in public life are more tangible, discrimination in the family remains mostly in the shadows and not easily evident. It is about the relationships that are built between spouses, children, and other family members. This study aims to analyze the factual and legal situation of the dimensions of (lack of) equality between family members from a gender perspective. Seen through the lens of family relations in particular, this study will reflect in general terms the trend and society's approach to gender equality. This is because of imagining and not only the family as the basic and most important cell of society, the one that transmits values and principles to society. Healthy family and marital relations are an important contribution to the elimination of gender stereotypes not only between family members but also in society in general. Although family relations mainly belong to the sphere and private interest, the legislator has always put a strong emphasis on the special protection of the family and marriage, providing for it in the most important normative acts, such as the Constitution and the Family Code, but also in other acts which indirectly regulate family relations. There are also numerous international legal instruments that mainly protect the institution of the family and mainly the sphere of equality in the rights and obligations of its members. See these in the consideration of equality between men and women in several main directions such as equality and non-discrimination between men and women to the relationship that originates from marriage as an act, equality and non-discrimination of men and women to the rights and obligations towards children, equality, and non-discrimination in the consequences of ending a marriage. The elaboration and legal basis of the situations cited above will be the purpose of this paper, seen from the perspective of domestic and international legislation, as well as judicial practice. Legal reforms in the aspects of legal equality and non-discrimination in family and marital life have been and will remain a dynamic and continuous process as long as the dominant elements is human nature. This is reflected in internal normative acts such as the Family Code, but also in ratified international instruments and the jurisprudence of the ECHR. While the facts and results show that there is still significant gender inequality between family members, this should be taken as an incentive not only for other legal reforms but also for social policies in the future.
 
 Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 21 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024

The Impact of Neutral Gender Characters in Electronic Games on Adolescents Gender Cognition and Strategies for Improvement

This study aims to explore the influence of neutral gender characters in electronic games on adolescents gender cognition and proposes potential improvement strategies for the current situation. The research employs an interview-based approach to investigate the gender-related confusion encountered by adolescents during their developmental stages and examines the current status of neutral gender characters in the contemporary electronic game market, tracing their origins. As adolescents are in a stage of developing gender identity, the introduction of neutral gender characters in electronic games may contribute to fostering positive gender identity and exploration. Consequently, the goal of this study is to better understand the shaping role of electronic games on adolescents gender perceptions, promote the gaming industry toward more diverse and inclusive gender expressions, advance societal gender equality perspectives, stimulate adolescents creative expression, and cultivate a broader societal attitude of openness and respect towards diverse genders.

Balancing Faith and Equality: Examining the Adequacy of the Doctrine of Essential Religious Practices from Gender Perspectives in India

ABSTRACT The Supreme Court of India formulated the doctrine of essential religious practices as a legal framework to protect the right to religious practice while enabling the State to implement social reforms, as provided under Article 25 of the Constitution. This article contends that although this doctrine was created to reconcile competing legal frameworks, its inconsistent and incoherent application cannot meaningfully resolve religious disputes – leaving many normative gaps. Consequently, this doctrine needs to be re-evaluated to balance religious freedom with other fundamental rights. Thus, this article assesses the doctrine of essential religious practices, its nature, scope, concerns, and criticism from gender equality perspectives.

Gender Equality Perspective of Asghar Ali Engineer: Challenges and Opportunities for Theological Feminists

Gender equality in the Islamic context is in deep focus, especially through the lens of feminist theology. This article explores the views of Asghar Ali Engineer, a Muslim activist, who advocates the need to treat women as equals to men and redefine sharia law regarding gender issues. The main focus is on the challenges and opportunities facing feminist theology in Islam, with an emphasis on the concept of gender equality and its impact on Muslim women. This research adopts a qualitative approach, analyzing and exploring data from key works such as "Islamic Liberation Theology" by Latief Muhaemin and the works of Asghar Ali Engineer. Feminist theologians, including Engineer, face the challenges of reconstructing religious texts, deconstructing traditional understandings that devalue women, and resolving socio-cultural challenges related to religious law and social norms. With a socio-theological approach, they emphasize the importance of understanding the social context and reinterpreting key concepts to suit the needs of the times. In an effort to create a non-exploitative life order, theological feminists such as Engineer strive to provide equal opportunities for women and men, including in aspects of leadership, to bring positive changes in the interpretation of Islamic religious teachings in the 21st century.
 

Gender Equality In Civic Education Textbook

<p>Textbooks have an important role to promoting gender equality. Apart from being a source of learning that transmits knowledge, textbooks also form students' values, worldviews and gender roles. This research aims to find out whether the Civic Education textbooks used in the high school in this study have a gender equality perspective. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Collecting data in this research using interview techniques, documentation studies, and literature studies. The data analysis using triangulation. Respondents in this study were Civic Education teachers and class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Kandanghaur and SMA Negeri 1 Sindang. The results of the study showed that the Civic Education textbooks paid little attention to gender equality which appeared on the cover which did not show equal gender representation; textbook materials and illustrations that have not paid attention to gender equality. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended to integrate gender equality into Civic Education textbooks both in terms of content and illustrations, so that the role of Civic Education as democratic education upholds human rights, including the right to be treated equally without discrimination on any basis, including on the basis of gender can be realized.</p>

An Analysis of the Design of Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show from the Perspective of Gender Equality

An Analysis of the Design of Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show from the Perspective of Gender Equality

İSTANBUL İŞ PIYASASINDA TOPLUMSAL CINSIYET EŞITLIĞI PERFORMANSININ DEĞERLENDIRILMESI

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to analyze the Istanbul labor market from a gender equality perspective and to provide relevant recommendations. METHODS: To achieve results, this research has applied a systematic approach. Prisma Guidelines are followed to report the research findings. This paper selected 13 studies that are relevant to the research questions. Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was also employed in this research. RESULTS: The research systematized the factors that determine gender inequality in the Istanbul labor market, including religious aspects and cultural pattern, access to education for women, differentiation in educational levels, lack of work-life balance, and lack of necessary professional skills in women. It was shown that historically, the gender income gap was mostly explained by differences in education and occupational choice. The conducted research forms the range of issues of individual motivational professional preferences of women’s employment while maintaining a stable trend of maximally reducing gender segregation to a conditional threshold level of gender professional preferences. CONCLUSIONS: This paper would serve policymakers in Turkey in identifying the potential gender gaps and their underlying causes in the labor market and help in formulating laws and policies that can enhance gender equality in the Istanbul labor market. NOVELTY/ORIGINALITY: The paper provided a novel approach to a comprehensive understanding of gender equality in the Istanbul labor market. This study is the first research that has employed a systematic research approach along with the integration of PRISMA guidelines and CASP for investigating gender equality in the Istanbul labor market. Keywords: career development, gender equality, labor market, wage gap.

The 30 × 30 initiative: Seeking to improve public safety and transform departments by advancing women in policing

Abstract Women make up only 12% of sworn officers and 3% of police leaders in the United States, and these numbers have remained stagnant for decades. While this is concerning from a gender equity perspective, it is also concerning from a public safety perspective, as a growing body of research demonstrates the unique value of women officers - from fewer uses of excessive force, to improved trust with diverse communities, to better outcomes for victims of crime. The 30x30 Initiative is a national grassroots effort to improve both the representation and experiences of women in policing, with the ultimate goal of improving public safety outcomes across communities. After nearly three years of implementation in over 300 law enforcement agencies, 30x30 has produced a robust body of promising practices, demographic data, and lessons learned about what works and what matters for advancing women in the profession. In the coming years, these efforts will expand through support for the US Department of Justice to analyze agency trends, understand promising practices to advance gender equity in other industries, and develop an evidence-informed implementation guide for all public agencies seeking to address gender equity and improve inclusivity in the workplace.

A Consciousness Survey on SDGs Initiatives for Young Women: From Perspective of Clothing Environment and Gender Equality

A Consciousness Survey on SDGs Initiatives for Young Women: From Perspective of Clothing Environment and Gender Equality

Islamic Law and Gender: a Misconception of Roles and Responsibilities in Parenting

Parenting roles and responsibilities are often influenced by gender stereotypes that exist in society. There are different expectations and demands on the roles of men and women in parenting. For instance, women (mothers) are often considered primarily responsible for caring for and educating children, while men (fathers) are considered more as breadwinners and leaders of the family. Additionally, it is frequently questioned when a father bears a child while away from the child's mother. This study seeks to evaluate and examine the notion of roles and responsibilities in parenting from the perspective of gender equality and Islamic law, employing a library research method (descriptive analysis research) that involves objectively assessing and describing occurrences. According to the findings of the study, parenting plays a significant role in the personality development and formation of children. According to a gender perspective, both mothers and fathers have the same role in raising children. According to the perspective of Islamic law, parenting is based on religious teachings which provide guidelines on how to educate children in an Islamic way. Parents are expected to carry out parenting responsibilities by taking into account Islamic values, including respecting children's rights under religious teachings. Keywords: parenting; Islamic law; gender.