This study examines gender differences in the criminal justice processing of defendants in Argentina. The Argentinian charter of rights guarantees a number of criminal procedure rights for individuals accused of crimes. Using the results of a 2013 survey of inmates held in Argentinian federal prisons and prisons from the Buenos Aires Prison Service, gender differences in the processing of defendants was found. Women’s treatment may be the result of paternalism or a product of a double-sanction imposed on women who violate traditional gender roles.