Gender Differences In Predictors Research Articles

Gender differences in predictors of quality of life for parents of children with Autism Spectrum disorder in Saudi Arabia

PurposeFew researchers have examined gender differences in the quality of life (QoL) of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in diverse cultural contexts. The purpose of this study was to identify how ASD severity, affiliate stigma, perceived social support, family functioning, and coping strategies differentially predict the QoL of mothers and fathers of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Design and methodsBased on a cross-sectional research design, data were gathered between April and July 2023 from a convenience sample of 376 parents (220 mothers and 156 fathers) of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Welch's t-test and regression were used to achieve the study purpose. ResultsMothers of children with ASD reported lower QoL, perceived social support, and family functioning than fathers. Mothers relied on emotion-focused coping strategies, whereas fathers used problem-focused coping strategies. Furthermore, affiliate stigma, perceived social support, and family functioning significantly predicted the QoL of mothers and fathers of children with ASD. However, the severity of ASD affected only the QoL of the mothers. Problem-focused coping significantly predicted fathers' QoL but not mothers' QoL. ConclusionsThe results highlight gender differences in the factors that predict the QoL of parents of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Practice implicationsHealthcare professionals should consider parents' gender when providing support and interventions to improve parental QoL.

Child anger regulation measure: Psychometric properties, prediction of emotional engagement, and gender differences

AbstractThe objective of this study was to understand the psychometric functioning of the Child Anger Regulation Measure (CARM), its prediction of emotional engagement, and if the prediction of emotional engagement differs for girls and boys. The sample included 251 upper‐elementary school students in the United States (10% Black, 62% White, 6% Latinx, 5% Asian, 12% Multiethnic/Other; 58% female; average age = 9.7 years). Emotional engagement in school was reported by both students and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated adequate fit of the data to the first‐order correlated theioretical model at two time points. Internal and test–retest reliability was moderate‐strong; the internal reliability of the anger withdraw strategy was weak for boys but adequate for girls. Of the five anger regulation latent predictors, the path analysis indicated that latent pause anger (i.e., waiting before responding to anger) was the strongest and sole predictor of how emotionally engaged a student felt in school, based on both student‐ and teacher‐reported engagement and controlling for other anger regulation (AR) strategies. There was partial measurement invariance across boys and girls, and there were no gender differences in AR prediction of emotional engagement. Implications for assessment, psychoeducation, and school contexts are discussed.

Understanding the Link between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Eating Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism

ABSTRACT Childhood neglect and abuse, defined as risk factors for various psychopathologies are significant for forming disordered eating behaviors. Nevertheless, the effect of childhood emotional abuse on eating behaviors and the mechanisms through which this relationship forms still need to be understood. This study tested the mediating role of self-criticism (hated and inadequate self) between childhood emotional abuse and eating behaviors (emotional, uncontrolled, and cognitive restricted eating). A total of 430 undergraduate students (66.3% female, N = 285) have completed measures related to emotional abuse, self-criticism, and eating behaviors. The Structural Equation Model supported the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and eating behaviors. Results indicated that self-criticism explained 12% of the eating behaviors. The indirect effect of self-criticism is significant for obesity-related eating behaviors and restricted eating behavior. In addition, results predict gender differences in eating behaviors. All these findings suggest that eating behaviors may emerge as a dysfunctional way of dealing with negative self-evaluation due to emotional abuse in childhood. Therefore, the study contributes to understanding the underlying processes of unhealthy eating behaviors that can be seen as a premise of eating pathologies.

Abstracts from the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health 2022 Annual BIRCWH Meeting:Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health November 2, 2022

Abstracts from the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health 2022 Annual BIRCWH Meeting:Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health November 2, 2022

Gender differences in frailty transition and its prediction in community-dwelling old adults.

Frailty is very common in old age and often associated with adverse events. Transitioning between frailty states is possible in both directions (improvement and worsening) offering targets for interventions. Frailty is more prevalent in women, but little is known about the impact of gender on frailty transition. The aim of this study is to identify gender differences for frailty transition in older adults and to develop gender-stratified prognostic prediction models for frailty transition. We performed a longitudinal analyses of the Berlin Initiative (cohort) Study with a frailty follow-up of 2.1 years. Description of frailty transition using the frailty phenotype and development of prognostic prediction models using multivariable logistic regressions for transition (improvement or worsening) stratified by gender following the TRIPOD statement were performed. In total, the study population consisted of 1158 community-dwelling adults with a mean age of 84.4 years and of whom 55% were women. Out of 1158 participants 225 (19%) were robust, 532 (46%) prefrail and 401 (35%) frail. After 2.1 (IQR 2.0–2.3) years, half of the participants had transitioned between frailty states. Men worsened more often and those who were already frail died more often than women. Gender-stratified prediction models for frailty transition demonstrated that some predictors (age, self-rated health, cognitive impairment, baseline frailty status) were included in all models. While stroke, diabetes mellitus, smoking and glomerular filtration rate were unique predictors in the models for females, osteoarthritis, hospitalization and education were predictors in the models for males. There are gender differences in frailty transition rates, patterns and prediction. This supports the importance of considering gender when addressing frailty and targeting interventions in old age.

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Analysis of Gender Effects

Alzheimer’s disease is a dreaded outcome that affects both men and women in later years of life. While root causes of this form of dementia are not clear, various factors are known that contribute to the risk of development and the reduction in risks based on gender and our choices in life. This paper evaluates the various factors that affect the risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease as we age. The focus of this paper is gender considerations in a mathematical model programmed in Excel. The model was first presented by Gregory [1] and was calibrated on one of the original population data sets with 50 - 50 male and female participants. This model overpredicted the risks for women and underpredicted the risks for men. A solution to this problem was found based on published values of sex hormones for men and women. Based on the expanded current model, two major factors contribute to the gender differences in predictions: gender factor values (10.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for men and 3.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for women) used in VO2max equations and a sex hormone factor that changes as hormones change for men and women with age. Smoking differences associated with gender and the risk associated with smoking was added to the model. Cognitive reserve based on education differences between men and women was also added. These are minor components compared to hormone effects. The expanded model includes an input for unsaturated fat diets and cholesterol reducing medications and use of Viagra by men that is known to reduce risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Predictions from the expanded model closely matched measured values from age 50 through age 95 for each gender with R2 values of 0.99, which were highly significant (p = 0.001). The expanded model predictions matched the reduced lifetime risk for men and women associated with a data set that included a population with the opportunity to use statins and Viagra. The expanded model seems to work well for both men and women.

Examining gender differences in predictors of financial satisfaction: Evidence from Taiwan

AbstractGuided by an integrative model of top–down and bottom–up influences on financial satisfaction, this study examines gender differences in the predictors of financial satisfaction in Taiwan. Using the 2016 wave of the panel study of family dynamics (PSFD), gender differences in the extent to which top–down (trait positive and negative affect) and bottom–up (demographic, financial, and social support) factors predicted financial satisfaction were explored within three Taiwanese social contexts: all adults (n = 3593), working adults (n = 2713), and married working adults (n = 1306). Gender differences were observed in all three social contexts. In particular, income (more strongly associated among men than women), education (more strongly associated among women than men), and trait negative affect (more strongly associated among women than men) tended to predict financial satisfaction differently by gender. Trait positive affect predicted financial satisfaction regardless of gender. The present analysis suggests traditional gender roles continue to influence financial satisfaction assessment in Taiwan.

Examination of race and gender differences in predictors of neuropsychological decline and development of Alzheimer’s disease

Objective Black adults are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at higher rates than White adults. Biopsychosocial risk factors that differentially affect individuals by race, including health, education, and APOE e4, may explain these findings. Some research suggests that the risk for AD associated with the APOE e4 allele may differ by race. Gender differences in AD have also been identified but remain understudied. We examined race, APOE status, vascular risk factors, education, and the interaction of APOE e4 status and race as predictors of cognitive decline and the development of Alzheimer’s disease between genders in a large longitudinal sample of older adults. Methods: Participants (N = 4336) were selected from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set who completed measures of verbal fluency, naming, and immediate/delayed story memory across 5 years. Analyses were stratified by gender. Follow up interactions examined statistical significance of differences. Results: APOE e4 by race interactions were largely non-significant and dropped from most models. When controlling for health, education, referral source, and Uniform Data Set form (when applicable), few racial differences in cognitive performance over time emerged. Black participants obtained lower scores than White participants on a majority of baseline measures. Race findings did not differ by gender. Hypertension was more strongly predictive of decline in delayed memory among women. Conclusions: Analyses did not support that APOE e4 differentially affects Black individuals. Hypertension may be a more relevant risk factor among women. Results raise questions regarding the accuracy of baseline scores in predicting decline for Black individuals.

Gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior among working US adults. Implications were considered in regard to cybersecurity awareness training motivation and perceptions of need for protective cybersecurity behavior in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA single-shot regression-based study used ordinal regression supported by K-means clustering to evaluate the moderating effects of gender on predictors of technology threat avoidance motivation and behavior on a sample of n = 206 US adult workers.FindingsThe regression model explained 47.5% of variance in avoidance motivation and 39% of avoidance behavior variance. Gender moderated predictive associations between several independent variables and avoidance motivation: perceived susceptibility, perceived effectiveness, perceived cost and self-efficacy. Gender also moderated the association between avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThe predictive impact of gender extends beyond the main effects in technology threat avoidance. Data frequency distributions and inter-variable relationships should be routinely considered in threat avoidance studies, especially if sample variables exhibit non-normal frequency distributions and nonlinear associations.Practical implicationsGender was significantly associated with threat avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior and exhibited notable associations with antecedents of avoidance motivation. Related insights can inform the design and delivery of training content relating to technology threat avoidance as organizations strive to more effectively leverage information technology end-users as protective assets for the enterprise.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this study derives from its focus and findings regarding the moderating effects of gender on technology threat avoidance factors and techniques used to measure and evaluate the associations between them.

نموذج مقترح لأبعاد التوقع لجودة الخدمة فی قطاع الرعایة الصحیة السعودی

مختصر: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة الفروق القائمة بين الجنسين في توقعات العملاء لجودة الخدمة في قطاع الرعاية الصحية. تم اختبار الفروض الخاصة بالفروق بين الجنسين المعرفية والوجدانية في التوقع باستخدام تحليل ANOVA. وتم تطبيق القيم المرکبة لکل بعد من الأبعاد الخمسة لجودة الخدمة کمتغيرات تابعة. وتشير النتائج إلى أن جميع أبعاد التوقع باستثناء المشارکة الوجدانية ليس لها فرق إحصائي قائم على النوع. ومع ذلک، هناک فرق دال في تأثير الأبعاد المعرفية. من شأن نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تساعد مقدمي الرعاية الصحية في تحسين خدماتهم بناء على الفروق بين الجنسين. Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the gender differences in customer expectations for quality of service in the healthcare sector. Cognitive and gender differences in predictions were tested using ANOVA analysis. Complex values ​​for each of the five dimensions of Quos were applied as dependent variables. The results indicate that all dimensions of expectation except for emotional participation have no gender-based statistical difference. However, there is a D difference in the effect of cognitive dimensions. The results of this study will excite healthcare providers in improving their services based on gender differences.

Does she compensate the victim while he punishes the perpetrator? No gender differences in anonymous economic games across 11 nations

AbstractSocial role theory posits that occupational gender roles give rise to gender differences in behavior, such that men and women engage in qualitatively different prosocial behaviors. Therefore, we expected that women who observed an unfair situation (involving a victim and a perpetrator) would respond by demonstrating communal prosocial behavior (by compensating the victim), whereas men would respond with agentic prosocial behavior (by punishing the perpetrator). Furthermore, on the basis of social role theory, we expected that gender differences would be more pronounced in countries with a more unequal distribution of men and women in communal and agentic occupational roles. The current research tested the predictions using an economic game. Two studies consisting of samples from 10 countries (Study 1, N = 1,791) and a student sample from Germany (Study 2, N = 193) showed no support for the predicted gender differences in prosocial behavior and no systematic relationship between prosocial behavior and gender roles across countries.

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Constraints: Do the Constraints Predict University Agriculture Graduates’ Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship?

This quantitative study analyzed and predicted gender differences of agriculture graduates’ attitudes towards and challenges in entrepreneurship in Botswana. The study adopted a descriptive and correlational survey research design. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for data collection through a survey of randomly sampled 149 final year agriculture graduate students (n=149). Inferential statistical tools of Independent t-test and Regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study determined three important attitudinal factors as: entrepreneurship results in economic growth of a country, employability and income generation and, entrepreneurship improves individual and social growth. Three important constraints in entrepreneurship were lack of land, lack of proper infrastructure and, lack of capital. These top attitudinal factors as well as constraints were the same for the male and female graduates despite of their ranking and importance. A gender difference in students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship was established while no gender difference in the challenges in entrepreneurship was found. Out of fifteen constraints in entrepreneurship under study, only three constraints namely, lack of land, high competition in market and lack of capital, were determined as significant predictors of the graduates’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship. It is recommended that these three factors be made priorities while making policies for entrepreneurship development in the country. Further study is recommended to explore the perceptions of graduates on the possible ways to improve on these three predicting constraints and explore latent constraints predicting graduates’ attitude towards entrepreneurship. Those findings may provide better ideas in planning policies for entrepreneurial development among agriculture graduates in Botswana.

Unmasking gender differences in narcissism within intimate partner violence

Theoretical understanding of gender differences in narcissistic presentation is underdeveloped due to an overrepresentation of males in the narcissism literature. This study investigated gender differences in manifestations of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism within the context of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Participants (N = 328; 176 females) recruited from the normal population completed scales for grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, and physical/sexual and psychological abuse. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to investigate gender differences in narcissism and predictions for perpetration of IPV in each gender. Results showed that females scored significantly higher on vulnerable narcissism than males, but no gender differences were found for grandiose narcissism. In males, vulnerable narcissism was a significant positive predictor of physical/sexual abuse perpetration, and grandiose narcissism was a significant positive predictor of psychological abuse. For females, only vulnerable narcissism emerged as a significant positive predictor of physical/sexual and psychological abuse perpetration. Findings provide novel insights into how gender is expressed differently in the presentation of narcissism, and how these differences are related to partner violence outcomes. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are made.

Gender-differences in predictors for time to metabolic syndrome resolution: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial study.

Understanding gender differences in health-related behaviors and their impacts is a crucial aspect of effective primary care. We studied gender-based differences in predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) resolution among newly diagnosed MetS patients. This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective clinical trial study comprising of 637 middle-aged and older adults (226 men and 411 women) who underwent a regular health checkup and were newly diagnosed with MetS at 16 different health clinics of 14 metropolitan cities and provinces. We conducted Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate cumulative probability of MetS resolution within a 12‐month observation period. Among the 637 patients, 47.6% of participants achieved MetS resolution. The resolution rate was similar among men and women (44.7% and 49.1%, respectively, P = 0.320). Low household income (Hazard ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–6.08) and current employment (2.29, 1.26–4.13) were associated with a higher cumulative probability of MetS resolution in men than in women. For women, however, longer sleeping hours (1.18, 1.04–1.34) and living with a partner (1.58, 1.06–2.35) were positive predictors of MetS resolution. Being overweight (0.63, 0.44–0.89) was associated with lower cumulative probability of MetS resolution in women than in men. The factors associated with cumulative probability of MetS resolution within the 12-month follow-up were different between men and women. These findings facilitate further exploration on gender-based differences in risk factors for less optimal improvements in MetS.

Clusters of Contemporary Risk and Their Relationship to Mental Well-Being Among 15-Year-Old Adolescents Across 37 Countries

PurposeAdolescents' mental well-being has become a growing public health concern. Adolescents' daily lives and their engagement in risks have changed dramatically in the course of the 21st century, leading to a need to update traditional models of risk to include new exposures and behaviors. To date, studies have examined the relationship between (mainly traditional) risk behaviors and adolescent mental well-being or looked at risk factors that jeopardize mental well-being such as lack of social support but have not combined them together to highlight the most significant risks for adolescent mental well-being today. The present study included new and traditional risk behaviors and risk factors, robustly derived an empirically based model of clusters of risk, and examined the relative association of these clusters to adolescent mental well-being. MethodsData from the 2017–2018 Health Behaviours in School-aged Children study were used. The sample included 32,884 adolescents (51.7% girls) aged 15 years from 37 countries and regions. The principal component analysis was used to determine the existence of clusters of risk, using 21 items related to adolescent mental well-being that included both risk behaviors (e.g., substance use) and risk factors (e.g., peer support). Analysis was conducted in both a randomly split training and test set and in gender separate models. Mixed-effects logistic regressions examined the association between clusters of risk and mental well-being indices (low life satisfaction and psychosomatic complaints). ResultsSeven clusters of risk were identified: substance use and early sex, low social support, insufficient nutrition, bullying, sugary foods and drinks, physical health risk, and problematic social media use (SMU). Low social support and SMU were the strongest predictors of low life satisfaction (odds ratios = 2.167 and 1.330, respectively) and psychosomatic complaints (odds ratio = 1.687 and 1.386, respectively). Few gender differences in predictors were found. Exposure to bullying was somewhat more associated with psychosomatic complaints for girls, whereas physical health risk was associated with reduced relative odds of low life satisfaction among boys. Split-sample validation and out-of-sample prediction confirmed the robustness of the results. ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of contemporary clusters of risk, such as low social support and SMU in the mental well-being of young people and the need to focus on these as targets for prevention. We propose that future studies should use composite risk measures that take into account both risk behaviors and risk factors to explain adolescents' mental well-being.

Title of the article: Sex hormones and psychopathology in drug naïve Schizophrenia.

Association of Prolactin levels & symptoms in first episode drug naïve Schizophrenia have been equivocal. This cross-sectional comparative study in a tertiary setting was conceived to examine the role of Sex hormones and symptoms in first episode untreated schizophrenia. To measure & compare the circulating estradiol, testosterone & prolactin levels in drug naïve first episode patients with Schizophrenia & healthy age matched controls. To test the association between stress, illness and psychopathology with hormone levels.In a cross-sectional Comparative study 102 subjects (Patients vs Healthy Controls)were enrolled. First episode drug naïve patients (N = 51)with International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) diagnosis of Schizophrenia were recruited by consecutive sampling. Symptom severity was measured using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).Sex hormone estimation was done at baseline using radioimmunoassay method (RIA) prior to antipsychotic initiation. 51 healthy controls were recruited to participate in the study. Mildly elevated prolactin levels were associated with higher total PANSS scores in women. Hallucinatory behavior and Grandiosity are positively correlated in patients with raised prolactin levels at baseline. Testosterone and estradiol were not associated with psychopathology. Women perceived more stress than men. Elevated prolactin levels in drug naïve Schizophrenia can be a putative marker for predicting gender differences in symptom severity and treatment responses in future.

Predicting Gender Differences in School Achievement and Social Acceptance: The Role of Delay of Gratification

The study explored whether delay of gratification measured in 6-year old preschool children, incrementally predicts their subsequent academic achievement and social acceptance in elementary school above cognitive abilities. The role of gender in this relationship was also examined. The sample comprised 99 girls and 120 boys attending fourth, fifth and sixth grades. The study was longitudinal with two measurement points: measures of cognitive abilities and delay of gratification were taken at the age of 6, while measures of academic achievement (GPA, grade in Croatian language and math) and social acceptance, measured with the sociometric technique, were taken between the age of 10 and 12 years. It was confirmed that delay of gratification predicted both subsequent academic achievement and social acceptance in elementary school above cognitive abilities, but more strongly for boys than for girls. Also, delay of gratification mediated the relationship between gender and all four dependent variables. Gender differences in social acceptance, Croatian and math grades were partially explained and gender differences in GPA were fully explained by gender differences in delay of gratification measured at preschool age.

Gender Differences in Predictors of Self-Medication with Tranquillizers and Sleeping Pills: Results of the Population-Based Study in Serbia.

BackgroundPrevious studies among the Serbian population concluded that the trend of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills requires deeper study. The objective is to identify gender differences in socio-demographic, health, and health service predictors of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills in a Serbian population of 15 years old and above.MethodsThis was a population-based, cross-sectional study. Data was extracted from the most recently available results of the Serbian National Health Survey of 2013. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent self-medication predictors.ResultsThe study included 14,623 participants, of which 51.77% were female. While 5.6% of the females reported self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills, only 2.2% of males reported such practice (p<0.001). The presence of chronic disease, stress, and physical pain in the last month before the interview was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of self-medication with observed drugs in both genders. Age was the most significant socio-demographic predictor of self-medication in females, while in males it was unemployment. Women of 55–65 years of age showed a greater risk from self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills in comparison to women of 15–24 years of age (aOR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.83–12.33). Unemployed males showed a greater tendency for such practice in comparison to employed (aOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.19–2.91).ConclusionThe findings highlighted predictors of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills and important differences between genders, which may contribute to the design of gender-sensitive surveillance, identification, and the prevention of such undesirable practices through evidence-based and appropriately tailored public health actions.

Gender differences in grief narrative construction: a myth or reality?

ABSTRACT Background: Narratives play a central role in the recovery process following death, and linguistic properties of grief narratives can serve as indicators of adjustment to loss. The present study examined whether bereaved men and women differ in how they discuss their loss, and how linguistic markers relate to psychological functioning. Positive associations were hypothesized between first-person singular pronoun use and psychological distress. Gender differences were expected for different emotion and social process words, and overall word use. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between linguistic markers and psychosocial outcomes for men and women separately. Method: 50 bereaved widow(er)s and parents (29 women, 21 men; M Age = 71.16 years, SD = 9.95) completed psychosocial self-report questionnaires and individual in-depth interviews. Grief narratives were analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), a software program that quantifies words into linguistic and psychological categories. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, first-person pronoun use was not related to psychological distress. Although gender differences emerged in self-reported psychosocial outcomes, we failed to find the predicted gender differences in linguistic markers (emotion and social process words, overall word count). Exploratory analyses revealed additional associations between linguistic markers and psychosocial outcomes, and gender differences in these relationships. Notably, first-person pronoun use was related to heightened grief avoidance. Furthermore, various linguistic markers were associated with increased depression levels in females, but not males. In contrast, nonfluencies were positively associated with indicators of psychological distress in men only. Conclusion: In line with the gender similarities hypothesis, analyses suggest similarities between men and women’s discussion of their grief experience. Associations between linguistic markers and psychological adjustment indicate that grief narratives contain meaningful indices of underlying health.

Gender Differences in Connectome-based Predictions of Individualized Intelligence Quotient and Sub-domain Scores.

Scores on intelligence tests are strongly predictive of various important life outcomes. However, the gender discrepancy on intelligence quotient (IQ) prediction using brain imaging variables has not been studied. To this aim, we predicted individual IQ scores for males and females separately using whole-brain functional connectivity (FC). Robust predictions of intellectual capabilities were achieved across three independent data sets (680 subjects) and two intelligence measurements (IQ and fluid intelligence) using the same model within each gender. Interestingly, we found that intelligence of males and females were underpinned by different neurobiological correlates, which are consistent with their respective superiority in cognitive domains (visuospatial vs verbal ability). In addition, the identified FC patterns are uniquely predictive on IQ and its sub-domain scores only within the same gender but neither for the opposite gender nor on the IQ-irrelevant measures such as temperament traits. Moreover, females exhibit significantly higher IQ predictability than males in the discovery cohort. This findings facilitate our understanding of the biological basis of intelligence by demonstrating that intelligence is underpinned by a variety of complex neural mechanisms that engage an interacting network of regions—particularly prefrontal–parietal and basal ganglia—whereas the network pattern differs between genders.