Gender Differences In Injury Research Articles

Age and Gender Differences in Injuries and Risk Factors in Elite Junior and Professional Tennis Players.

Elite tennis athletes experience injuries throughout the entire body. Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip range of motion (ROM) are modifiable risk factors that can impact injuries and performance. Information on nonmodifiable risk factors such as age and gender is limited. The purpose of this investigation was to provide information on risk factors to direct clinical decision-making and injury prevention and rehab programming in this population. Prevalence and location of injuries will differ by age group and gender. Trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip ROM will differ by age group and gender. Cross-sectional study. Level 3. A de-identified database (n = 237; females = 126) from the United States Tennis Association High Performance Profile (HPP) 2014-2015 was used for the analysis. Subjects were elite junior and professional tennis players (mean age 14.6 [range, 9-27] years). The HPP is a tennis-specific assessment and questionnaire that includes retrospective information on injury history. Subjects were categorized by injury, gender, and age. Injury locations were classified by region. Trunk stability measures included drop vertical jump (DVJ), single-leg squat, and prone and side planks. Lower limb measures included hamstring, quadriceps and hip flexor flexibility, and hip rotation ROM. A total of 46% of athletes reported an injury. Significant differences were found for injury prevalence and location by age group. Adolescent athletes (age 13-17 years) had more trunk injuries, while adult athletes (age ≥18 years) had more lower limb injuries. Adolescent athletes performed worse on DVJ, dominant side plank, and hamstring flexibility compared with young (age ≤12 years) and adult athletes. Significant gender differences in hip ROM included internal rotation on both the dominant and nondominant sides. Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip rotation ROM may affect both health and performance outcomes in this population. Elite tennis athletes may benefit from additional off court programming to address trunk and lower limb impairments. Adolescent elite tennis athletes may be at higher risk of trunk injuries. Age, gender, injury history, and impairments should be considered with all assessments and programming.

Gender differences in injuries attributed to workplace violence in Ontario 2002–2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to compare trends in the incidence of injury resulting from workplace violence for men and women at the population level over the period 2002–2015...

“Intimate Terrorism” and Gender Differences in Injury of Dating Partners by Male and Female University Students

A version of the partner violence typology developed by Johnson (Journal of Marriage and the Family 57: 283-294, 1995) that more fully reflects the inherently dyadic nature of partner violence is presented, as well as a method of using the Conflict Tactics Scales to identify cases in the typology, including “Intimate Terrorists.” Analysis of 13,877 university student dating relationships found a similar percent of male and female “Intimate Terrorists.” This is consistent with other studies of general populations and reflects inadequacies in Johnson’s methodology. Bidirectional violence, including Intimate Terrorism, was associated with the highest probability of injury, especially for women. The results suggest that programs to reduce partner violence, including reducing violence against women, should address violence and coercive control by both partners.

Alcohol environment, gender and nonfatal injuries in young people. An ecological study of fourteen Swedish municipalities (2000–2005)

BackgroundSweden has had a restrictive alcohol policy, but there are gender and geographical differences in alcohol consumption and injury rates within the country. Whether and how the Swedish alcohol environment influences gender differences in injuries in young people is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the local alcohol environment and age- and gender-specific nonfatal injury rates in people up to 24 years in Sweden.MethodsThe local alcohol environment from 14 municipalities was studied using indicators of alcohol access, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related crimes. A comprehensive health care register of nonfatal injuries was used to estimate mean annual rates of nonfatal injuries by gender and age group (2000–2005). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to analyse linear associations.ResultsAssociations were shown for both alcohol access and alcohol consumption with injury rates in boys aged 13–17 years; no other associations were observed between alcohol access or per capita alcohol consumption and nonfatal childhood injuries. The prevalence of crimes against alcohol laws was associated with injury rates in children of both genders aged 6–17 years.ConclusionsThis study found no strong area-level associations between alcohol and age and gender specific nonfatal injuries in young people. Further, the strength of the area-level associations varied by age, gender and type of indicator used to study the local alcohol environment.

Gender and injury in Finnish comprehensive schools

The aim of this study is to analyze the gender differences in injuries at Finnish comprehensive schools. Nine schools reported a total of 1135 injuries to the injury register over two school years. Boys (56%) were injured more often than girls, their injuries happened more often during breaks at school yard, whereas girls hurt themselves during sport lectures in the gymnastic halls. The proportion of boys’ injuries also increased with age. More often, boys’ injuries were caused by intentional actions by other pupils. Girls injured their lower extremities more often, whereas boys injured their faces and head. Boys also suffered concussion more often than girls, and were also referred for further care to health care centres or hospitals more often than girls. The higher injury frequency among boys at school corresponds to the higher injury rate of males in general, which is true for work, traffic, and leisure-time injuries. Increased adult supervisor control especially during breaks can prevent most of school injuries.

Gender Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury vary with Activity

Background Previous studies have shown that women involved in similar activities as men are at increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Hypothesis The incidence rate of complete anterior cruciate ligament tears for men and women in our athletic, college-aged population is similar. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Students graduating in class years 1994 to 2003 at our institution who sustained complete anterior cruciate ligament tears were assessed for mechanism of injury and type of sport played at time of injury. We calculated the incidence proportion, an estimation of risk, by gender and class year, and the incidence proportion ratio comparing men and women by class year. We also calculated incidence rates by gender and type of sport played and incidence rate ratios comparing men and women. Results There were 353 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the 10 classes studied. We found an overall, 4-year incidence proportion of 3.24 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 2.89-3.63) for men and 3.51 (95% confidence interval, 2.65-4.65) for women (incidence proportion ratio, 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.47]). The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury rate, excluding male-only sports, was significantly greater in women (incidence rate ratio, 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.21]). We found significantly greater injury rates among women in a gymnastics course (incidence rate ratio, 5.67 [95% confidence interval, 1.99-16.16]), indoor obstacle course test (incidence rate ratio, 3.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-11.10]), and basketball (incidence rate ratio, 2.42 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.59]). Conclusion We found little gender difference in the overall risk of an anterior cruciate ligament tear; however, there were gender differences in injury rates when specific sports and activities were compared and when male-only sports were removed from the overall rate assessment.

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Mediates Estrogen's Nongenomic Effects after Hemorrhagic Shock and Trauma

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Mediates Estrogen's Nongenomic Effects after Hemorrhagic Shock and Trauma

Gender differences in injury induced mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and VEGF, TNF, IL-6 expression: Role of the 55 kDa TNF receptor (TNFR1)

Concomitant pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) may be an important aspect of their ability to heal injured tissue. However, very few studies have examined whether gender differences exist in BMSC function. Indeed, it remains unknown whether gender differences exist in BMSC function and ability to resist apoptosis, and if so, whether TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) plays a role in these differences. We hypothesized that TNFR1 ablation equalizes gender differences in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) apoptosis, as well as expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF and interleukin (IL)-6. Mouse MSCs from male wild type (WT), female WT, male TNFR1 knockouts (TNFR1KO) and female TNFR1KO were stressed by endotoxin 200 ng/ml or 1 h hypoxia. MSC activation was determined by measuring VEGF, TNF and IL-6 production (ELISA). Differences considered significant if p<0.05. LPS and hypoxia resulted in significant activation in all experimental groups compared to controls. Male WT demonstrated significantly greater TNF and IL-6 and significantly less VEGF release than female WT MSCs. However, release of TNF, IL-6 and VEGF in male TNFR1 knockouts differed from male WT, but was not different from female WT MSCs. Similarly apoptosis in hypoxic male TNFRIKO differed from male WT, but it was not different from apoptosis from WT female. Female WT did not differ in TNF, IL-6 and VEGF release compared to female TNFR1KO. Gender differences exist in injury induced BMSC VEGF, TNF and IL-6 expression. TNFR1 may autoregulate VEGF, TNF and IL-6 expression in males more than females. MSCs are novel therapeutic agents for organ protection, but further study of the disparate expression of VEGF, TNF and IL-6 in males and females as well as the role of TNFR1 in these gender differences is necessary to maximize this protection.

INJURY RISKS IN RELATION TO GENDER AND AEROBIC ENDURANCE IN US ARMY ORDNANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Studies in Basic Combat Training (BCT) have shown aerobic fitness partially accounts for gender differences in injury rates among recruits (Bell, Am J Prev Med 18:85, 2000). However, no studies have examined this phenomenon in other Army training environments. PURPOSE This study examined gender differences in injuries during Ordnance Advanced Individual Training (AIT) (vehicle repair and maintenance occupational specialties). METHODS Subjects were 2303 men and 256 women. Outpatient injury data were collected from a medical surveillance system at the health clinic used by all Ordnance AIT soldiers. Gender was obtained from a questionnaire, and aerobic endurance was determined from a maximal effort 2-mile run. Cox regression was used to obtain risk ratios (RR), adjusted risk ratios (ARR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Time loss injury rates were 1.25 injuries per soldier-year for men and 1.89 injuries per soldier-year for women. Rates for time loss overuse injuries were 0.92 injuries per soldier-year for men and 1.63 injuries per soldier-year for women. Univariate Cox regression showed that women were more likely to suffer a time loss injury (RR = 1.8, CI = 1.5–2.2) and more likely to suffer a time loss overuse injury (RR = 2.1, CI = 1.7–2.6) when compared to men. In the multivariate Cox regression, when controlling for 2-mile run time, the effect of gender was not significant for any time loss injury (ARR = 0.99, CI = 0.75–1.29) or for time loss overuse injuries (ARR = 1.16, CI = 0.87–1.56). CONCLUSION In consonance with data from BCT, female soldiers are at greater risk of getting injured than men during Ordnance AIT, but this difference in risk was not significant when aerobic endurance was controlled for.

Gender differences in injury and illness rates on wilderness backpacking trips

Wilderness participation has increased substantially in the last 50 years. The percentage of female wilderness participants has also increased. Females now comprise over 50% of the participants in many backcountry activities. Despite this rise in wilderness participation, limited epidemiological research exists on wilderness injuries and illnesses. Even fewer studies exist which have examined the influence of gender on wilderness injury and illness rates. In this study, self-reported injury and illness data were collected from participants on Colorado Outward Bound School's (COBS) 23-day alpine courses during the spring and summer of 1993. Information was gathered on participant gender, individual injury and illness rates, and individual reporting habits. Of the 343 participants who completed surveys, 85–94% sustained some sort of injury and 69% became ill at some point during their wilderness experience. Although males and females were found to experience similar frequencies of illness, it was found that females experienced a significantly higher rate of injury than males. Males and females did not differ in their likelihood to report an injury or illness. However, males reported significantly fewer injuries to mixed-gender (female/male) leader pairs than to single-gender (male/male or female/female) leader pairs. The results of this study support previous literature in finding that the most common wilderness injuries were soft tissue injuries. These results also suggest that improving current prevention strategies and examining the effect of leadership on wilderness participants' accurate and honest communication of health problems could be advantageous to future programs.

Gender differences in injuries among rural youth.

This paper presents injury data from the first year of a three year longitudinal study of risk taking behaviors among adolescents. Study subjects were a cohort of 758 rural students from Maryland's Eastern Shore who were in the eighth grade in 1987. Students completed a 45 minute, self administered survey in which they reported numbers of injuries experienced in the past year, risk taking behaviors, anger expression, delinquency, alcohol and drug use, physical exercise, work experience, and level of parental supervision. In addition, students had their height and weight measurements taken by trained research staff and completed a self rating of pubertal development using Tanner drawings. Slightly more than half (53.2%) of the boys and over one third (37.7%) of the girls reported experiencing one or more medically attended injuries during the last year. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to estimate the extent to which gender differences in injuries could be accounted for by adolescent behaviors. Gender effects became non-significant when adjustments were made for risk taking, school discipline problems, and exercise frequency. Gender differences in injuries were reduced but remained significant when substance use, employment, and anger were controlled. Poisson regression analyses were conducted separately for males and females to assess whether factors associated with injuries were similar across genders. For boys, risk taking, anger, and school discipline problems were significantly related to number of injuries. Boys with a low body mass index and late pubertal development (mean ratio 3.09), as well as those with high body mass index and early pubertal development (mean ratio 2.16), reported greater numbers of injuries than average boys. For girls, substance use, cruising, risk taking, anger, and exercise frequency were significantly associated with injuries. Girls with an early onset of menses reported, on average, twice the number of injuries than those who were on time. Girls with high body mass index who were late in their pubertal development reported, on average, five times more injuries than other girls. Although gender is a significant risk factor for injuries, certain behaviors like risk taking, school related delinquency, and physical exercise partially explain the higher number of injuries among adolescent males in this study. For both males and females, indicators of pubertal and physical development are important factors to consider in studies of injuries during early adolescence.