Gender Differences In Awareness Research Articles

Knowledge and Awareness of Physiotherapy among Cancer Survivors

Background: Despite the established benefits of physiotherapy in oncology care, there remains a substantial gap in the awareness and utilization of rehabilitation services among cancer patients. The role of physiotherapy in improving the quality of life and functional independence of cancer survivors is well-documented, yet the integration of these services into standard cancer care protocols is not uniformly practiced. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and the barriers to physiotherapy among oncology patients in a tertiary care hospital, with an emphasis on understanding the gender-specific differences in awareness and interest in physiotherapy services. Methods: A six-month cross-sectional survey was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Sindh, employing a non-probability convenience sampling technique to recruit 318 participants. The sample size was determined using Raosoft sampling software, with a 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, and 50% response distribution. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, focusing on patients' awareness of and interest in physiotherapy, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with chi-square tests applied to assess statistical significance. Results: The study found that only 17.3% of participants were aware of physiotherapy services, with significant gender differences in awareness (p=0.013) and interest (p=0.326) observed. Barriers to physiotherapy utilization included pain (91.5%), fatigue (90.6%), and financial constraints (78.9%). A stark 84.6% of patients reported not being informed about physiotherapy during their treatment. Conclusion: The low level of awareness and significant barriers to accessing physiotherapy among cancer patients highlight the critical need for enhanced educational programs and improved communication between oncology and rehabilitation professionals. Addressing these gaps is essential for integrating physiotherapy into cancer care, thereby improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women's Chest Pain: A Question of Gender.

Awareness of gender differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased: both the different impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on women and the existence of sex-specific risk factors have been demonstrated. Therefore, it is essential to recognize typical aspects of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women, who usually show a lower prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is also important to know how to recognize pathologies that can cause acute chest pain with a higher incidence in women, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) gained a pivotal role in the context of cardiac emergencies. Thus, the aim of our review is to investigate the most frequent scenarios in women with acute chest pain and how advanced cardiac imaging can help in the management and diagnosis of ACS.

Assessment of epilepsy awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among preclinical and clinical medical students in the West Bank of Palestine

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the level of epilepsy-related awareness, knowledge, and attitude exhibited by medical students at a specific medical school in Palestine, as well as the students' reactions to the treatment and social activities provided to patients with epilepsy. MethodsA cross-sectional, observational research of 306 medical students at An-Najah National University in the West Bank, Palestine, was conducted. We used a validated survey taken from previous publications. We split the medical students into preclinical (2nd and 3rd year) and clinical (4th, 5th, and 6th year) groups to see if there were significant differences in their awareness, knowledge, attitude, and their practices toward patients with epilepsy. Several elements, such as sociodemographics, awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding epilepsy, were included in the survey. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 29.0. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, whereas qualitative data as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to compare groups.Any P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsIn general, clinical medical students exhibited better epilepsy awareness, knowledge, and attitude than preclinical students. Of note, 73.6% of clinical students believe epilepsy is a treatable disorder, compared to 44.6% of preclinical students (P-value < 0.001). Some students believe that depression/anxiety (39.6%), psychosis (35.7%), jinns (evil spirit) (7.8%), evil eye (5.8%), and punishment from God (4.5%) cause epilepsy. Clinical students were more likely than preclinical students to have rotated in a neurology clinic or department (40% vs. 4.6%, P-value < 0.001). In total, 95.5% of clinical students and 86.9% of preclinical students (P-value = 0.006) thought patients with epilepsy should marry. Clinical stage students were more likely than preclinical stage students to think that patients with epilepsy can have children (92.7% vs. 83.1%, P-value = 0.009). Preclinical stage students were more likely than clinical stage students to believe that students with epilepsy should not play sports (22.3% versus 13%, P-value = 0.030). Generally, there were no significant gender differences in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes. ConclusionThe study found that medical students knew little about epilepsy types, causes, triggers, and first aid. Negative attitudes toward people with epilepsy living alone and discrimination against people with epilepsy were also observed. Students' perceptions of this prevalent disease must be improved through educational programs that provide increased opportunities for clinical exposure to this condition as well as proper inclusion of epilepsy in the regular curriculum.

Gender differences in cardiovascular risk factor awareness. Results from the ESC EORP EUROASPIRE V registry

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Fonds voor hartchirurgie - Fonds pour la Chirurgie Cardiaque Background Risk factor awareness among coronary patients is related to a decreased risk of recurrent coronary events and hence important in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Whereas previous studies demonstrated gender differences in disfavour of women with regard to patients’ risk factor control, little is known about gender differences in patients’ risk factor awareness. Purpose The aim of this study was to document potential gender differences across Europe in patients’ risk factor awareness and information provided by healthcare professionals. Methods Analyses were based on data from the most recent ESC EORP EUROASPIRE V survey (European Survey Of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention And Diabetes, 2016-17). Consecutive patients hospitalized for a first or recurrent coronary event or surgical procedure between 18-80 years old at the time of identification were retrospectively identified in 27 countries. Awareness of risk factor levels were defined as patients’ self-reported awareness about their latest weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood glucose levels, and HbA1c levels. Data on risk factor awareness and information provided by healthcare professionals were obtained from patient interviews (6 months to 2 years prior to the date of the study visit). Logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for age and medical history (stroke, heart failure, and diabetes). Results Information was available on 8,261 patients, including 25.8% women. Women were significantly older (65.4 vs. 63.0 years) and were more likely to have a history of stroke (5.3% vs. 3.7%; P=0.002), heart failure (7.6% vs. 5.9%; P=0.006), and self-reported diabetes (33.1% vs. 28.0%; P&amp;lt;0.001). Overall, no significant gender differences were found regarding the information provided by a healthcare professional on overweight, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, whereas, a higher proportion of women with hypertension (≥140/80 (≥140/85 if diabetes)) (OR=2.07, 95% CI=4.60-2.68) and women with raised cholesterol levels (LDL-C ≥1.8mmol/L) (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.14-1.51) were informed about their raised risk factor levels. Furthermore, women with obesity were less aware about their actual weight (OR= 0.66, 95% CI=0.52-0.85) and weight target level (OR= 0.66, 95% CI=0.54-0.81) than men. In contrast, no significant gender differences in awareness of waist circumference levels were found in obese patients neither for fasting blood glucose or HbA1c levels in patients with self-reported diabetes. Women with hypertension and those found with raised LDL-C levels were more aware about their target blood pressure level (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.01-1.46) and actual cholesterol level (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.02-1.36). Conclusions Our study reveals only little gender differences in disfavour of women in terms of information provided by healthcare professionals and risk factor awareness.

Gender Differences in the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Italian Academic Workers.

The 2020 pandemic for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has required strict measures for virus spreading reduction, including stay-at-home orders. To explore gender differences in mental health status after the first wave of the pandemic and in teleworking, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of emotions and coping strategies for facing the pandemic stratified by gender using data from an online survey conducted at the University of Salerno, Italy, between 11 May and 10 June 2020. The online questionnaire included 31 items on demographics, teleworking, COVID-19 emergency, and gender-based violence, with multiple-choice answers for some questions. Females felt significantly sadder (p = 0.0019), lonelier (p = 0.0058), more fearful (p = 0.0003), and more insecure (p = 0.0129) than males, experienced more sleep disorders (p = 0.0030), and were more likely to sanitize surfaces compared to males (p < 0.0001). Our results show gender differences in awareness and concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic that differently influenced mood, as females were more frightened and worried than males.

Cardiovascular Risk Perception and Knowledge among Italian Women: Lessons from IGENDA Protocol.

A multicenter, cross-sectional observational study (Italian GENder Differences in Awareness of Cardiovascular risk, IGENDA study) was carried out to evaluate the perception and knowledge of cardiovascular risk among Italian women. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 4454 women (44.3 ± 14.1 years). The 70% of respondents correctly identified cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leading cause of death. More than half of respondents quoted cancer as the greatest current and future health problem of women of same age. Sixty percent of interviewed women considered CVD as an almost exclusively male condition. Although respondents showed a good knowledge of the major cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors was not associated with higher odds of identifying CVD as the biggest cause of death. Less than 10% of respondents perceived themselves as being at high CVD risk, and the increased CVD risk perception was associated with ageing, higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and a poorer self-rated health status. The findings of this study highlight the low perception of cardiovascular risk in Italian women and suggest an urgent need to enhance knowledge and perception of CVD risk in women as a real health problem and not just as a as a life-threatening threat.

Socio-Psychological Criteria of the Formation of Gender Stereotypes of Appearance

The article considers the socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance. The priority of the study is implementing a system of criteria for gender stereotypes of appearance, taking into account the system of socio-psychological factors and gender-oriented forms of prevention of overcoming sexism and discrimination on the grounds of personality attractiveness. It is substantiated that social evaluation through physical criteria creates several psychological problems because the "physical self" is an essential component of the "self-concept" and one of the criteria of self-esteem. It is proved that the properties of gender stereotypes coincide with the social ones. They are the bearer of emotional and evaluative characteristics, taking into account the group of values associated with the ambivalence of ideas about another. A methodical approach to the assessment of gender stereotypes of appearance and personality is proposed, which allows determining the criteria of human well-being, taking into account discrimination factors, intrapersonal parameters of affective-negative perception of one's appearance and self-concept, as well as the aesthetic perception of identity. An assessment of socio-psychological factors of gender stereotypes of appearance, which is based on the methodological provisions of psychoanalysis and humanism, cognitive paradigm, dispositional theory, cross-cultural approach, and some sociological studies, is carried out. As an experiment on empirical verification of the stereotypes of appearance, their gender differences, and socio-psychological factors, a set of methods of psychological diagnosis is used, which allow determining indicators of stereotypes of appearance, self-esteem, and attitude to beauty; socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance. A methodology for assessing the criteria for improving the attitude of respondents to their own appearance by determining the level of self-esteem, satisfaction with appearance, awareness of gender differences in appearance, and the desire to improve their own appearance in case of discrimination has been developed and implemented.

Discourse Analysis from the Perspective of Austin’s Speech Act Theory and Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts: A Case Study of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper

A focus on discourse analysis, this study presents a particular interest in the power relationship artfully constructed by Charlotte P. Gilman in three dialogue instances in her most memorable short narrative, The Yellow Wallpaper. With the awareness of gender differences in mind in terms of how men and women use language, Gilman evinces the ways in which language could be a medium of silencing the other. Consequently, this paper carefully examines the protagonists’ discourses through J. L. Austin’s speech act theory and John Searle’s taxonomy of illocutionary acts. The corpus of the study consists of the utterances of the husband/doctor and of the wife/patient, and both the quantitative and qualitative research methods have been employed for the data analysis. The results have shown that the patriarchal discourse, originally dominated by representatives (opinions, facts) and directives (commands, orders, advices, and refusals), produces utterances meant to fabricate reality (erroneous diagnosis) and generate refusals, whereas the discourse of the other consists mainly of representatives- true statements and opinions -which contradict men’s reality in the journey to achieving self-assertion and selfexpression.

Effect of body-gender transfer in virtual reality on the perception of sexual harassment

While sexual harassments are inappropriate behaviors in the society, the interpretation of and sensitivity toward sexual harassment can vary by individual. Differences across individuals, such as gender, may influence whether one interprets an action to be sexually harassing or not. Virtual reality technology enables human behavior assessment without interfacing with physical danger. The present work examined whether gender and body-gender transfer in VR influenced the perception of sexually harassing behaviors, and explored the utility of emerging technology in increasing one’s awareness of behaviors that may be considered sexually harassing. Participants (n=12) embodied in virtual characters of different genders and experienced seven sexually harassing scenarios in an immersive virtual environment in random order. In general, participants provided higher rating to the sensitivity toward sexual harassment in the VR harassment scenarios than those scenarios described on paper. There was an increase in participants’ sensitivity toward sexual harassment after experiencing sexual harassment scenarios from the perspective of the victim in VR. Participants perceived higher level of sexual harassment when they embodied in female avatars, which suggested there was an effect of VR with body-gender transfer on perception of sexual harassment. There were gender differences in awareness of harassing behaviors in VR environment, and VR may be a training method to narrow gender gap and increase awareness toward sexual harassment.

Gender differences in factors associated with low quality of life and depression in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

To identify predictors of low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with a focus on gender differences. We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study. Both AS-related clinical data and contextual factors were obtained. HRQoL and depressive mood were assessed by EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Among 211 patients, 161 were males. Males had similar disease activity and higher radiographic damage compared with females. There was no significant difference in EQ-5D index score between genders. CES-D score was higher in females. Higher ASDAS-C-reactive protein (CRP) was associated with low HRQoL in both males (Odds ratio [OR] 4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.42-7.46) and females (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.02-8.48). Being employed was associated with decreased possibility of having low HRQoL in males (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.95). Regarding depression, higher ASDAS-CRP (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.03-3.40), current smoking (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.09-8.15), and being employed (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06-0.46) were associated with depression in males. For females, living with a partner was related to depression (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.93). AS patients with high disease activity are likely to be suffering from low HRQoL. Both disease-related factors and contextual factors were associated with depression, and predictors showed some differences between genders. Awareness of gender differences in comprehensive assessment can lead us to better personalized management in AS patients.

Turning the gender tables: evidence of students’ awareness of a reversal in gender status between academic and occupational contexts

This study investigates young people’s awareness of gender differences in achievement and their reversal between educational and occupational contexts. Girls are generally more academically successful than boys but men still enjoy a superior position in the professional world. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether students were aware of a reversal in gender gap, and to explore whether the characteristics associated with high and low status groups (competence and warmth) are attributed to boys and girls in a way that is consistent with their perceived achievement-related status. From sixth grade to bachelor’s degree level, 638 students (347 girls and 290 boys, Mage = 15.98) rated boys’ and girls’ academic status in middle school, high school and university, as well as men’s and women’s occupational status. They also assessed male and female students’ warmth and competence at their respective school levels. Overall, participants seemed to be aware of a reversal in gender status between educational contexts, where they attributed the highest status to girls, and the occupational context, in which men were perceived as having the highest status. The youngest students have a limited awareness of gender inequalities in the professional world suggesting that understanding of gender dynamics increases with age. Furthermore, female students were perceived as more competent but not necessarily warmer than male students, suggesting they might be considered as a non-traditional female subgroup. This set of perceptions might have different, yet important, implications for boys’ and girls’ educational and occupational experience and the maintenance of gender hierarchy.

Navigating risks and uncertainties: Risk perceptions and risk management strategies in the Philippine seaweed industry

The Philippine seaweed industry is affected by multiple but interrelated risks. Farmers mainly encountered environment-related risks (e.g. disease, pest infestations) which, if unmanaged, could result to production failure. Traders and processors considered volatility of seaweed supply and poor quality of raw materials as precursors of other risks such as increased competition among local traders and processing companies. Gender differences in awareness and knowledge of risks were more prominent among seaweed farmers but not among traders and processors as roles become more homogenous up the value chain. Poor governance resulted in the adoption of informal and market-driven strategies to prevent or minimise losses. However, this restricted farmers to participating in higher-income trading and processing activities and contributed to increased market inefficiency. The lack of government support has also curtailed the capacity of traders and processors to engage in product development and diversification. Gender and community experiences influence and shape people’s understanding of their situations and environment including their coping and adaptive strategies in sustaining livelihoods amidst recurring risk events. Embedding informal structures and the differential needs of the stakeholders in the national institutional framework is therefore essential for the promotion of resilient and sustainable seaweed industry.

Gender Differences in Awareness and Participation: Case of Information Sharing Practices in Maasai Community in Kenya

Gender Differences in Awareness and Participation: Case of Information Sharing Practices in Maasai Community in Kenya

The cascade of care in managing hypertension in the Arab world: a systematic assessment of the evidence on awareness, treatment and control

BackgroundHypertension is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity globally and in the Arab world. We summarize the evidence on awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, to assess the extent of gaps in the hypertension continuum of care. We also assess the influence of gender and other social determinants at each level of the cascade of care.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and SSCI databases for studies published between 2000 and 2017, reporting the rates of awareness, treatment or control of hypertension and/or their determinants in the Arab region. We included sources on both general populations and on clinical populations. The review process was based on the PRISMA guidelines. We present rates on the three stages of the care cascade corresponding to (1) awareness (2) treatment and (3) control of blood pressure, and estimated the losses that occur when moving from one stage to another. We also take stock of the evidence on social determinants and assess the statistical significance of gender differences in awareness, treatment and control.ResultsData from 73 articles were included. Substantial proportions of hypertensives were lost at each step of the hypertension care continuum, with more missed opportunities for care resulting from lack of awareness of hypertension and from uncontrolled blood pressure. More than 40% and 19% of all hypertensive individuals were found to be unaware and to have uncontrolled blood pressure, respectively, but among individuals diagnosed with hypertension, less than 21% were untreated. Awareness rates were higher among women than men but this advantage was not consistently translated into better blood pressure control rates among women.ConclusionsThis analysis of the cascade of care indicates that barriers to proper diagnosis and adequate control are greater than barriers to delivery of treatment, and discusses potential factors that may contribute to the gaps in delivery.

Abstract A051: Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal cancer screening tests among recently diagnosed colon cancer

Abstract Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) populations, compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), are less likely to receive guideline concordant colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. CRC screening barriers are multifaceted and involve factors including health care access and utilization, sociodemographic characteristics, and individuals' beliefs and awareness about cancer, screening tests, and guidelines. Inability to recall or recognize CRC tests and low knowledge of screening guidelines may contribute to disparate outcomes across the colon cancer continuum. Objective: In the present study, we sought to 1) characterize the prevalence of urban colon cancer patients' awareness of screening tests and guidelines, and 2) examine if awareness and knowledge of guidelines were associated with mode of cancer detection (screen-detected versus symptomatic presentation). Methods: The Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that examined racial, gender, and SES disparities in CRC screening, care initiation, diagnostic stage, and subsequent treatment. Eligible patients were NHB and NHW, aged 45-79, with first primary invasive colon cancer, and were recruited from nine diverse, urban health care institutions. After consent, participants completed an in-person interview wherein they responded to questions related to the recall and recognition of colon cancer stool, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy screening tests and knowledge of screening guidelines, diagnostic pathways and treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and health care access and utilization. They received $100 for completing the interview and consenting to medical record abstraction. Logistic regression was used to model the association between knowledge and awareness variables and colon cancer mode of detection (symptomatic versus screen detection). incorporating nonresponse weights created to account for differences in response rate by facility, age, race and gender, and models were, and controlling for age, race, gender and the composite SES variable in all models. Results: Recall of stool testing and sigmoidoscopy was low (13% and 5%); name recognition of these tests was 59% and 30%, respectively. Correct guideline knowledge was low for all three tests (7% for sigmoidoscopy, 14% for FOBT, and 19% for colonoscopy). Recall, recognition, and knowledge were lower for NHB and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Inability to name or recall a single test was associated with reduced screen-detection compared with recall of at least one test (36% vs. 22%, p=0.01). Discussion: Our results should help to identify target populations in need of enhanced education and additional prompting by their health care providers to ensure that they obtain the necessary surveillance for colon cancer over the long term. Citation Format: Leslie R. Carnahan, Lindsey Jones, Katherine Brewer, Yamile Molina, Garth Rauscher. Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal cancer screening tests among recently diagnosed colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A051.

Race and Gender Differences in Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests and Guidelines Among Recently Diagnosed Colon Cancer Patients in an Urban Setting.

The purpose of this study was to first characterize the prevalence of recall, recognition, and knowledge of colon cancer screening tests and guidelines (collectively, "awareness") among non-Hispanic black (NHB) and NH white (NHW) urban colon cancer patients. Second, we sought to examine whether awareness was associated with mode of cancer detection. Low awareness regarding colon cancer screening tests and guidelines may explain low screening rates and high prevalence of symptomatic detection. We examined recall, recognition, and knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests and guidelines and their associations with mode of cancer detection (symptomatic versus screen-detected) in 374 newly diagnosed NHB and NHW patients aged 45-79. Patients were asked to name or describe any test to screen for colon cancer (recall); next, they were given descriptions of stool testing and colonoscopy and asked if they recognized each test (recognition). Lastly, patients were asked if they knew the screening guidelines (knowledge). Overall, awareness of CRC screening guidelines was low; just 20% and 13% of patients knew colonoscopy and fecal test guidelines, respectively. Awareness of CRC screening tests and guidelines was especially low among NHB males, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, and those diagnosed at public healthcare facilities. Inability to name or recall a single test was associated with reduced screen-detected cancer compared with recall of at least one test (36% vs. 22%, p = 0.01). Low awareness of CRC screening tests is a risk factor for symptomatic detection of colon cancer.

Abstract 5277: Gender differences in awareness of lung cancer screening in the Health Information National Trends Survey, 2013-2017

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men and women with just a 17.7% five-year survival rate. Based largely on the results of the National Lung Screening Trial, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends, and Medicare now covers, low-dose computed tomography for current and former smokers age 55 or older with at least 30 pack-year smoking history. While lung cancer incidence mortality rates are higher in men than women, this is in large part due differences in smoking status. Previous research shows that women worry about breast cancer to a greater extent than lung cancer, and there is a suggestion of greater lung cancer susceptibility in female smokers. We investigated whether there were gender differences in discussions with a doctor about lung cancer screening and awareness of a screening test for lung cancer. Methods: Data are from the three cycles [4.2 (2013); 4.4(2015) and 5.1 (2017)] of the nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). We included 4,658 respondents age 55 to 80 who responded to the following question: "In the past year, have you talked with your doctor about having a test to check for lung cancer?" and had available data on smoking status and gender. We assessed responses across survey cycles to see if the proportion responding "yes" to this question has increased over time, and whether this differed by gender. We used logistic regression accounting for complex sample weighting to generate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gender's association with discussion of lung cancer screening with a doctor in HINTS cycles 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1, and with awareness of lung cancer screening tests in cycle 4.4, accounting for potential confounders. Results: Reported discussions with a doctor about lung cancer screening have not increased over time. In the most recent cycle, just 15.7% of current smokers (19.9% of males; 15.7% of females) and 9.9% of former smokers (12.4% of males; 6.9% of females) said they'd discussed screening. Compared to males, females were 32% less likely to report talking to their doctor about lung cancer screening (AOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.93). Estimates were similar among never (AOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.43-1.20), current (AOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39-1.36), and former (AOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.40-1.10) smokers. Females were also 32% less likely to report that they'd heard of tests for early detection of lung cancer (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47-0.99) compared to males. Conclusions: Though we are unable to assess pack-years of smoking, we found that irrespective of smoking status (never, current or former), women were less likely to have talked with their doctor about lung cancer screening and were less likely to be aware of lung cancer screening tests. Educational efforts may be needed to ensure that women receive the benefits of this important test. Citation Format: Erica Warner, Christopher S. Lathan. Gender differences in awareness of lung cancer screening in the Health Information National Trends Survey, 2013-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5277.

Gender differences in internet preferences and usage pattern among medical students

Background: Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Internet use is spreading rapidly into daily life, and directly affecting people’s ideas and behavior. With the development of the internet, both male and female users to certain extent are unquestionably dependent on it as a medium of sharing ideas, building communication network as well as for searching information though there is the difference in opinion by some researchers regarding the internet usage among gender. Aims and Objectives: To study the gender differences in internet preferences and usage pattern among medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried on 120 1st-year MBBS students at PESIMSR, Kuppam. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. Results: The present study observed gender differences in awareness and pattern of internet use among 1st-year MBBS students which are relatively less compared to the previous studies. Conclusion: The internet has become an inseparable part of today’s educational system. The academics of an individual increasingly depend on the internet for educational purposes. Absence of gender gap in internet usage is probably due to both genders having high exposure to the technology through their educational experience.

Gender differences and the awareness of plagiarism in higher education

Plagiarism is increasingly prevalent in the educational and research culture in higher education. Students are more and more looking for quick solutions when writing research papers and theses. In this paper, students’ awareness of plagiarism and possible gender differences in this awareness are presented. Gender differences in plagiarism awareness were analysed both generally and within several socio-economic contexts (e.g. social life, living with parents/grandparents, living in a student hall of residence, motivation for study and working during studies). Our study was conducted at the University of Maribor in Slovenia. The findings have revealed statistically significant gender differences in students’ plagiarism awareness; specifically, women have a much more negative attitude towards plagiarism than men. Regarding awareness, students could be divided into three groups: (1) students who are aware of plagiarism but do not consider it wrong or unethical, (2) students who are unaware of plagiarism, and (3) students who are aware of plagiarism but continue to plagiarise despite knowing it to be wrong. A very busy social life, strong motivation for study and working during studies also strongly affect plagiarism and reveal gender differences. Based on the findings of the study, this paper puts forward recommendations for plagiarism prevention. Our recommendations encompass the implementation of a plagiarism policy within academic institutions, strict sanctions on plagiarism, teaching students how to avoid plagiarism and, finally, a national programme for the promotion of academic integrity.

Gender differences in awareness and experiences of power harassment in workplace

Gender differences in awareness and experiences of power harassment in workplace