Gender Differences In Anger Research Articles

Gender Differences in Anger Among Hospital Medical Staff Exposed to Patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: Occupational exposure to patients with COVID-19 is a stress factor. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in anger among medical hospital staff.Methods: N=78 hospital employees with direct or indirect contact to patients with COVID-19 completed State-Trait Inventory-2.Results: Female personnel showed higher scores in the main “trait anger” scale and its subscale “anger temperament,” whereas “anger control-out” was significant lower. Direct patient contact had no influence.Conclusion: More specific training for female hospital staff could achieve health-related equity. Focusing on anger as a leading indicator could lead to better prevention and self-monitoring. Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04368312).

Self-Reported Dysfunctional Anger in Men and Women at a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic

Gender differences in anger and aggression are disputed in the literature. This study examined self-reported gender differences in a clinical sample of individuals referred for concerns about dysfunctional anger on measures of anger and aggression. The sample consisted of adults aged 18 years or over (N = 543; 90 [17%] women and 453 [83%] men) who presented at an outpatient anger clinic for treatment of their dysfunctional anger between 2003 and 2014. We found that women in the psychiatric outpatient sample significantly outscored men on many of the anger variables and reported similar levels of aggression, which contradicts previous reports in nonclinical populations. These results are of clinical importance because women’s dysfunctional anger may be under-reported. Dysfunctional anger screening and treatment may need to be adjusted accordingly based on gender.

Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R): Validation of a brief anger measure in Australia and Spain.

A validated, brief measure of anger is needed in clinical settings to screen for problematic anger. This study examined the validity of the seven-item Dimensions of Anger Reactions-Revised (DAR-R), including a version for the Spanish population. Multiple psychometric instruments administered to 541 (76.6% female) adults in Australia and 1,115 (56.3% female) in Spain were analyzed. A two-factor model (anger response and anger impairment) was confirmed. Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were supported. Anger response items strongly correlated with established measures of anger/aggression State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Aggression Questionnaire), whereas anger impairment items strongly correlated with anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measures. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (3 months) were good. Cut-off scores for problematic anger were established. There were no gender differences in anger in the Spanish sample, but Australian males had higher anger scores than females. Results substantiate the utility of the DAR-R as a concise, clinically informative measure of anger.

Evolutionary Developmental Explanations of Gender Differences in Interpersonal Conflict: A Response to Trnka (2013)

In focusing on gender differences in anger expression, Trnka (2013) provides a useful complement to the article by Ingram et al., (2012) analyzing gender differences in children's narratives about peer conflict. I agree that gender differences in anger are more likely to be the result of differential socialization processes regarding the expression of anger than by innate differences in the experience of anger. Gender differences in intersexual anger and aggression are likely to be affected by the social context, and especially whether a female is interacting with a romantic partner or an unknown male. The implication of socialization in anger expression raises the possibility that culture plays a causal role in encouraging cooperative breeding by inhibiting inter-female aggressive displays. Another of Trnka's proposals, that the expression of anger contributes to reconciliation and inhibits long-term relationship damage, is intuitively plausible and supported by the research literature, but not by data from the current study.

Gender Differences in Anger and Self-esteem in School Children

The present study aims to ascertain the relationship between anger and self-esteem of school boys and girls. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationship between anger and self-esteem. It was also hypothesized that boys and girls will likely to differ with respect to anger and self-esteem. Asample of 200 school boys (n=100) and girls (n=100) within the age range of 13-19 years (M=15 and SD=.90) were recruited from private English medium schools in Lahore. Convenientsamplingtechnique was usedtoselectsample. Demographic Questionnaire, State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI; Speilberger, 1997) and Offer Self Image Questionnaire for Adolescents- Revised (OSIQ-R; Offer et al., 1992) were administered to assess anger and self-esteem respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation revealed that subscales of anger had significant positive relationship with self-esteem i.e. morals, family relations, mastery, vocational and educational goals, superior adjustment and Idealism. Moreover, state anger, anger-in, anger-out and trait anger reaction had negative relationship with body image. Likewise state anger, trait anger and anger-in have negative relationship with social relations subscale of self-esteem. Furthermore, trait anger, trait anger temperament and anger-out had negative relationship with sexual attitude. t-test revealed that girls expressed more concern over body image and sexual attitude while boys had high scores in morals and family relationships. While no gender differences were found with respect to different domains of anger. This study will enhance awareness regarding devising counseling programs for anger management and self-esteem enhancement of school student.

Applying Evolutionary Psychology to a Serious Game about Children's Interpersonal Conflict

This article describes the use of evolutionary psychology to inform the design of a serious computer game aimed at improving 9-12-year-old children's conflict resolution skills. The design of the game will include dynamic narrative generation and emotional tagging, and there is a strong evolutionary rationale for the effect of both of these on conflict resolution. Gender differences will also be taken into consideration in designing the game. In interview research in schools in three countries (Greece, Portugal, and the UK) aimed at formalizing the game requirements, we found that gender differences varied in the extent to which they applied cross-culturally. Across the three countries, girls were less likely to talk about responding to conflict with physical aggression, talked more about feeling sad about conflict and about conflicts over friendship alliances, and talked less about conflicts in the context of sports or games. Predicted gender differences in anger and reconciliation were not found. Results are interpreted in terms of differing underlying models of friendship that are motivated by parental investment theory. This research will inform the design of the themes that we use in game scenarios for both girls and boys.

Cultural and Gender Differences in Anger and Aggression: A Comparison Between Japanese, Dutch, and Spanish Students

Cultural and Gender Differences in Anger and Aggression: A Comparison Between Japanese, Dutch, and Spanish Students

What concerns men? Women or other men?: A critical appraisal of the evolutionary theory of sex differences in aggression

This paper critically evaluates the evolutionary proposition that men's greater aggressiveness is the result of male intra-sexual competition. For this purpose we review and discuss experimental psychological and survey studies, as well as sociological and cultural anthropological work on gender differences in anger and aggression. The reviewed studies do not support the idea that men's concern for women, reflected in the salience of intra-sexual competition, is the major cause for male's supremacy in violence. On the contrary, we argue that the fear of losing status and respect in the eyes of fellow men is the major concern that evokes male anger and aggression. The implications of our argument for the evolutionary theory are discussed.

Gender differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context

Gender differences in the reported intensity of anger and fear toward hypothetical males and females were explored in three age groups (6–12 year olds, 14–16 year olds, and adults over 30) located in two different geographic areas. The samples were primarily Caucasian and included a wide range of socioeconomic groups. Subjects reported on the intensity of feelings elicited by characters in an emotion story task in which three aspects of situational context were varied: the gender of the story characters eliciting the feeling (all situations), the stereotypic gender-typed or cross-gender behavior of the eliciting character (four situations), and the affective quality of the situations (four situations). Across all three age groups, situations that were frightening, anger-provoking, or that depicted stereotypic male-negative behavior elicited the most consistent subject gender and character gender differences in reported fear and anger. Relative to males, females of all ages reported more fear in frightening, anger-producing, and male-negative stereotypic situations. Males were reported to be more frightening and anger-producing than were females in those same situations. The data also suggested that with development, females reported less intense fear of females, while males reported less intense fear of males.