Construction Of Gender Research Articles

Are Judgments of Partner Abuse “Rose Tinted”? An Exploration of Judgments of Gender in Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACT Gendered models of intimate partner violence/abuse (IPV/A), and public and professional perceptions, describe IPV/A as a one-sided crime perpetrated by men unilaterally. This becomes problematic when considering bidirectional IPV/A: the dominant form of relational violence according to reviews. Here we explored judgments of bidirectional IPV/A, first using an experimental design and a general public sample, and then using qualitative inquiry with prospective trainee forensic psychologists. Although participants acknowledged bidirectionality, males were infrequently labeled as “victims” and females as “perpetrators”. Participant interviews suggested gender constructions influenced their judgments. Implications for training to challenge gendered narratives and de-bias professional practice are discussed.

Negotiating Prejudice and Equality: Analysing Gender and Sexuality Discourse Among Supporters of Populist Radical Right Message in Switzerland and Finland

ABSTRACTResearch on gender, sexuality and the populist radical right has revealed the contradictory positions of such parties and politicians regarding gender issues. However, less is known about the perspective of laypeople on these matters. This study focuses on supporters of a radical right populist message and analyses how prejudice is constructed in populist gender discourse. Analysing interview material from two countries, Finland (n = 55) and Switzerland (n = 33), this study adopts a discursive–rhetorical approach and identifies six key discursive practices: radical supporters of gender equality, privileged gender and sexual minorities, assimilating individuals as exceptions, sexual minorities excluded from normality, the unprejudiced self distanced from the discriminating party and the self aligned with the rational party. First, this study sheds light on supporters' constructions of equality, gender and feminism in contemporary discourse. Second, our discursive–rhetorical analysis shows how different categorisation strategies are used in negotiating prejudice. Third, the study further complements existing research on gender populism by examining gender issues from the demand side, illustrating the appeal of radical right populist ideology among voters. We conclude that discursive category constructions and exceptions allow including, excluding and delegitimising gender and sexual minorities and their supporters while distancing and aligning oneself with (un)prejudiced positions in gender discourse. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Finding My Penis in the Counselling Room

The powerful cultural discourses within which we live, and the stereotypical gender constructions that impinge upon each one of us, produce internalised power relations that can be both oppressive and liberating. We internalise power dynamics which we enact within ourselves and in relations with others. Such power differentials also converge or collide in the counselling room. It is therefore vital that counsellors practise with a clear and deep self-awareness of both our own internal insecurities and absorbed gender constructions. As a female counsellor grappling with these challenges, I decided to write this article using colloquialisms for male genitalia as a metaphorical attempt to resist such stereotypes and share my own vulnerabilities that impact upon my practice. This is an invitation to other practitioners to embrace their tender spots and bring them into connection with others.

The “Opportunity Cost”: Care Work Compensation from a Gender Perspective in China

Asserting the value of care work within a family is not only a significant issue that affects the quality of marital life, but it also lays the groundwork for supporting the sustainable development of society and, ultimately, the country. Constantly, the theory of surplus value is employed to help understand the value of care work. However, it still lacks a macro-construction from a gender perspective. This article analyzes 15 judicial cases after introducing the Civil Code and compares the condition of application, the amount, and the factor considered in recognition of care work compensation under Chinese law. It concludes that in practice, the amount of compensation for care work remains relatively modest, with the division of the community property division heavily influencing it. At the macro level, the recognition of the economic value of the care work compensation must be emphasized from a gender construction. In contrast, at the micro level, a balance must be struck between the possibility of the other spouse benefiting from “the opportunity cost.”

Disentangling gender, sex, and biology: a mixed methods study of gender identity data collection tools

ObjectivesWe used community-based mixed methods to test whether transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people preferred gender identity questions developed by community members over current questions in use and generate hypotheses about data collection preferences. MethodsWe interviewed twenty TGD adults in English and Spanish, asking them to rate and discuss their responses to questions. We analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and qualitative data with template analysis, then integrated them. ResultsMore participants preferred gender identity questions that were currently in use. Themes: 1) TGD participants find questions about “gender” and related terminology unclear because of conflations of sex, gender, and other constructs. 2) TGD participants resist cisgenderism in questions about gender identity. 3) TGD people desire questions that allow for autonomy, privacy, and safety. 4) Contextual factors, particularly safety, influence whether and how TGD people answer questions about gender and sex. ConclusionsTGD people have varied concepts of sex and gender and preferences about data collection. Future research should investigate the impacts of disentangling gender, sex, and biological factors, which could decrease stigma for TGD people.Practice implicationsMedical care that disentangles gender, sex, and biological factors could improve data collection effectiveness and the safety of TGD people.

Reconstituting the ‘good woman’: Gendered visual politics on social media during 2021 state election in West Bengal, India

This paper explores the visual politics of gender in electoral politics in West Bengal (WB). We examine how women political candidates visually construct their non-verbal political performance on social media, and how such visuals relate to social mores and societal expectations surrounding femininity. Drawing on theories of the social construction of gender and visual political communication, we conducted a content analysis of 1,033 visual artefacts from eight individual women candidates and 205 from the Facebook and X (formerly Twitter) pages of the four main political parties taking part in the January-April 2021 electoral campaign for state-level elections in WB. We analysed how these candidates construct gendered relationships with the electorate through different cues on the platforms, such as sartorial choices (traditional or Western attire), use of culture-specific religious symbols (sindoor or vermillion, bindi – forehead marking worn by married Hindu women), and gendered/non-gendered political actions like cooking or serving food, giving speeches or meeting constituents in political processions. Our findings about the visually performed politics show a combination of cultural, political, and gender signifiers, which are mediated and remain connected to societal expectations, and historical narratives. The candidates’ negotiation of these aspects, in turn, underscores a reproduction of colonial legacies and, in the present day, an ongoing production of societal differences. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on visual politics of gender, particularly in Asian contexts. It sheds light on the nuanced ways women politicians use social media to construct their visual identities, and how the deployment of body politics into the relatively ‘new’ online sphere reifies ‘old’ social, political, cultural symbolisms, and norms regarding gender. In this way, this article highlights the importance of considering pre-digital forms of gendered identity construction and visual representation when analysing the contested terrain of digital visibilities.

Unveiling the hidden narratives: investigating gender, identity, and activism in contemporary dance performances within the realm of social arts

Objectives: This study shows how contemporary dance serves as a dynamic platform for challenging and redefining notions of gender and identity. By analyzing a variety of contemporary dance performances, the research aims to reveal the underlying narratives that reflect and contest societal norms. Through a detailed examination of choreographic choices, movement vocabulary, and thematic elements, the study highlights how these components contribute to the deconstruction of traditional gender constructs. Methods: Additionally, the research investigates the role of contemporary dance as a form of activism, focusing on how performers use their craft to entertain, raise awareness, and provoke dialogue on social issues. An artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to estimate the relationships between gender fluidity, the challenge of social norms, and their effects on transformation potential, activist participation, and artistic expression. Results: The results indicate that increases in both gender fluidity and thechallenge to social norms significantly enhance transformation potential, activist participation, and artistic expression. The accuracy of the ANN's predictions was validated through linear regression analysis, demonstrating acceptable error margins compared to experimental results. Conclusions: This study ultimately underscores the transformative power of contemporary dance in shaping social discourse and advocacy.

Gender Construction at Islamic Poor Community

This study focuses on studying gender construction in the Islamic community in Surabaya. This community is in Kampung Sidosermo Dalam, one of the Islamic area in Surabaya. In everyday social and cultural conditions, women always wear the hijab and men wear koko shirts and sarongs. Women are always constructed as the second social class below men. The social construction that is built is not only agreed upon by men, but women also agree on it. The motto that women live by every day is suwargo nunut neroko katut. That a woman's heaven and hell is with her husband. The aim of the research is to dismantle unfair gender constructions so that hopefully there will be enlightenment leading to correct gender constructions. The research method uses qualitative with a critical ethnographic approach. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews for 15 informant with Sidosermo Dalam figures, kyai, nyai, RT, RW, as well as women who agreed that they were always in the second class. Apart from that, researchers also used participant observation techniques to explore data. The research results show that women have always experienced oppression since childhood. Every day they receive different treatment from men. The doctrine that women are always subordinate to men has been taught to the population from generation to generation. The construction of suwargo nunut neroko katut becomes a guide for interaction. This social construction is built and maintained using religious arguments as legitimacy. This patriarchal and oppressive condition must be immediately changed and corrected by the government, mass organizations and citizens themselves.

Language and Group-based Power: Myths, Proverbs and Metaphors as Depositories of Gendered and Ethnic Identities in Perpetua Nkamanyang Lola’s Revised Edition of "The Lock on my Lips (2023)"

Gender and Ethnicity are two types of group distinctions with which group-based power is associated and, in most postcolonial African urban contexts, gender and ethnicity intersect to shape our identities, opportunities and the challenges we face. Drawing from postcolonial, queer and feminist theories, this study examines the role of language in the construction of group-based power structures. The study examines the gender and ethnic specific function of Language (specifically myths, proverbs, metaphors, idioms and witty sayings) in the revised edition of Lola’s The Lock On My Lips with the view of demonstrating that the budding dramatist employs these linguistic devices to invest her work with a truly African sensibility and flavour, but mainly to show the role language plays in the social construction of gender and ethnic otherness.

Integrating Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Population-Based Administrative Data

Information regarding biological sex is collected for administrative and clinical purposes, and often is conflated with gender in clinical encounters as well as in population-based data studies. Sex is collected as either ‘male’ or ‘female’, adhering to the colonial notion of binary sex and gender identities. Meaningful information on sexual/romantic orientation is also absent from these datasets. Sex, gender, and sexual/romantic (SR) orientation are key aspects informing how people experience the world and how we interpret administrative data. SOGI-HE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity – Health Equity) will be the first 2SLGBTQIA+ dataset at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy by using a novel survey tool to collect information on gender identity, and SR orientation. The data from this survey will be linked into the Population Health Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, enabling analyses that incorporate constructs of sex, gender, and SR orientation. These data will make visible the experiences of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community that have been historically absent from population-based data studies. Data equity and 2SLGBTQIA+ visibility within data play an important role in advancing the field and lays the groundwork for future data linkage projects. In this presentation we will discuss the development of SOGI-HE through community-based research principles and the implications it has on future 2SLGBTQIA+ research conducted in the province of Manitoba (Canada). Further, we will discuss the ethical implications associated with queer data sovereignty in a precarious political climate for 2SLGBTQIA+ people and their rights.

Unveiling Violence and Masculinity through a Psychoanalytic Study of Sam Shepard's Curse of the Starving Class (1977), Sarah Kane' Blasted (1995) and The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in Bosnian War (1996) by Matei Visniec

The examination of violence and its association with masculinity is depicted in three distinct plays: Blasted, written by Sarah Kane in 1995; Curse of the Starving Class, authored by Sam Shepard in 1977 (it was made into a Hollywood film in 1994); and Matei Vişniec’ The Body of a Woman as a Battlefield in the Bosnian War (1996). Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study employs close textual analysis and an extensive review of relevant literature to examine the representation of violence and masculinity in theatrical framework while also exploring the wider societal implications of such portrayals. The chosen plays present a wide range of viewpoints regarding violence, encompassing both highly intense manifestations of violence and the repercussions of warfare on the individuals. This analysis utilizes Judith Butler's theory of gender construction and Antonio Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty in order to examine the ways in which these plays either challenge or uphold conventional gender. Furthermore, it investigates the intricate correlation between trauma and aggressive conduct as depicted in the plays. By going deeply into the text and exploring its underlying concepts, it reveals the crucial function of theater in tackling and evaluating complex social problems. The plays act as a mirror for society viewpoints, forcing readers and the audiences to face uncomfortable truths about aggression, masculinity, and emotional anguish. The impacts of trauma on individuals and communities are brought to light. These plays demonstrate how war trauma can induce rage and promote violent behavior. It also highlights the power of theater to challenge harmful social conventions and catalyze positive social change by challenging traditional gender roles and power dynamics. Improving the audiences understanding of cultural attitudes and potential paths for societal change, this study contributes significantly to the assessment of violence and masculinity as depicted in theatrical performances.

Lucidity of Space and Gendered Performativity in Arabic Digital Literature

This article seeks to examine a new trend in Arabic women’s literature that not only aims to forge women’s communities but also creates resistance. Digital media is the mechanism that some Arab women authors employ to implement and foster a self-authority that acknowledges flexible identities in an age of revolutions and search for freedom. As a case study, I examine Ahlam Mosteghanemi’s Nessayne com and Rajaa Alsanea’s novel Girls of Riyadh, which originally appearing as compendiums, and Ibrahim Alsaqir’s novel Girls of Riyadh: The Complete Picture that comes as a literary response to the resistance of cultural and gender establishments. I suggest that the digital realm provides an arena for women to resist oppressing social establishments and that literary works and digital practices like Alsanea’s create spaces of and for resistance. Moreover, Alsanea’s and Mosteghanemi’s works are committed to promoting change in Arab societies, bridging the public and the private sphere by means of digital content. Arab women writers’ sites and blogs address subjects that challenge prevalent gendered structures in the Arab world, deconstruct cultural norms, give visibility and focus on the implications of gender on memory, love, masculinity and femininity, and sexuality. They do so by employing chats as a narrative technique that engages readers and women’s communities in the characters’ experiences and thereby inviting them to participate in making their work a site of challenge to gender and cultural establishments. As Alsanea’s representations of women subjectivities are uncommon and her characters defy the notion of the universality of woman as a shared gender, they are prohibited, criticized, and challenged. Those who defy gender performativity, such as Alsanea and Mosteghanemi, enact feminist resistance. The study engages with MENA gender and masculinity literature. It is also informed by Judith Butler’s notion of performativity, the construction of gender, and the demystification of the universalistic notion of “woman”.

Knowledge and practice of health workers on sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender-based violence: Evidence from three municipalities in Senegal.

Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries face numerous developmental, sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) challenges, including exposure to multidimensional violence. Dealing with gender-based violence (GBV) is of great importance and health personnel are key players. The objective of this work was to study the knowledge and practices of health personnel on SRHR and gender-based violence in Guédiawaye, Kaolack and Kolda communities in Senegal. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, which consisted of health professionals (general practitioners and specialists, nurses, and midwives) and community health workers (community relays, bajenu gox, matrons). All health facilities in the three communities were included. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis and logistic regression modeling to investigate the factors associated with the knowledge and practice of health personnels. An alpha risk of 5% was taken. A total of 78 health professionals and 128 community actors were included in the study. More than half of the health personnel (56.3%) had good knowledge of policies, standards and protocols relating to sexual and reproductive health services for women (adolescents) and about 60% on conventions and laws. The level of knowledge was good among 51% of respondents and good practices among 54.9%. The factors associated with good knowledge were the municipality in which the profession was practiced, and the effects of training received in the social construction of gender. The factors associated with the practices were knowledge of policies, standards and protocols through training, training received in the provision of family planning services, and in medico-psychosocial management of cases of sexual violence. We conclude that the knowledge of stakeholders (health professionals and community health workers) about sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence is important for better service provision and good management of cases of gender based violence.

Representation of concepts associated with the digital environments of Chilean students

Introduction: The construction of digital identity is a negotiation process that involves a link between the self, identity, and cultural models. This process is affected by the incursion of technology, which incorporates new verbal forms and traces permanently connected spaces where digital identity is co-constructed. The objective was to determine the conceptual and social representations that construct digital identity in a group of Chilean students by sex.Method: Qualitative research with an analytical descriptive design. The sample included 509 Chilean students aged 18 to 27 from 21 higher education institutions. They were asked to write the first word they associated with the concepts of personal identity, digital identity, digital reputation, and privacy. The results were processed in the Atlas.Ti program, creating word clouds differentiated by sex.Results: Both men and women associated personal identity with "personality." For "digital identity," both groups agreed on the concept of "projection." However, regarding the concept of “digital reputation” men associated it with the term “followers” ​​and women with “prestige”. Regarding “visibility” men associated it with “privacy” and women with “exposure”.Conclusions: the concepts of identity (personal and digital) converge towards common social semantic constructions. However, in concepts such as reputation and visibility, stereotypical gender constructions are evident, with women associating them with prestige and exposure and men with followers and privacy.

Exploring Gender Constructs in Media Narratives

This paper seeks to examine the discourse of women who have experienced marital violence as depicted in Moroccan media. Specifically, we will investigate how these women justify their discourse through authorization, aiming to construct arguments that portray them as victims and vilify their abusive husbands. Our analysis focuses on content from Medi 1TV, particularly the talk show "Qesset Nnass" (the story of people), where women articulate their viewpoints through authorization, conveying messages that require contextual understanding for interpretation. Our research is guided by the premise that the interaction between media and audience is intricate and significant, serving as a platform for women to validate their experiences while challenging the actions of their abusers, and providing Moroccans with an avenue to express their perspectives on these issues. Consequently, we aim to assess the effectiveness of these women's persuasive efforts within the show. Given the nature of our topic, our research employs a combination of methodologies. While we utilize a qualitative approach to analyze the discourse of the women subjected to violence through direct observation, we also employ a quantitative method to examine audience comments. This methodological approach enables us to explore the relationship between media content and public opinion, shedding light on the extent of its mutual and direct influence.

Gender Stereotypes Portrayed in Five Most Popular Indonesian Folktales: Literature in ELT

Folktales have been a medium through which children can transfer knowledge, language, and cultural values at an early age. The existence of folktales cannot be separated from the values prevalent in society. Numerous moral principles are sound for life. As literary works for learning, folktales should introduce gender roles. However, some local cultures and ideologies can represent the role of gender in some areas. Therefore, this study investigates the gender stereotypes in the five most popular Indonesian folktales: Roro Jonggrang, Timun Mas, The Legend of Malin Kundang, The Origin of Lake Toba, and Bawang Merah Bawang Putih. These stories were chosen because they are the most searchable folktales online and are the most used as learning materials in Indonesian school textbooks: English for Nusantara and When English Rings a Bell. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) analyzes the relationship between discourse language and other semiotic cues. The results revealed two aspects of each character's social and domestic roles. The male characters dominate the stories, where male characters are depicted as people who work, travel, and fight. In contrast, female characters are depicted as housewives who do all the housework. This showed a patriarchal culture is involved in the stories, which impacts the portrayal of men and women in society. Therefore, gender construction in these five most popular folktales is needed as they are used as learning materials to teach values to young learners.

Gendered Extremism in the Pacific on 4chan: A Mixed-methods Exploration of Australian and New Zealanders’ Concepts of Women, Gender, and Sexual Violence on /Pol/

ABSTRACT The association between 4chan and online extremist subcultures has seen increasing academic scrutiny—particularly following the 2019 Christchurch attack by a right-wing terrorist who frequented the anonymous forums. Gender-based extremism features as one (of many) critical subcultures that commands our academic attention, though few studies to date have sought to capture and assess the entire landscape of this phenomenon on 4chan’s most notorious board: /pol/. Drawing on a pre-Christchurch attack dataset extracted from Papasavva et al. (2020), this study investigates how Australians and New Zealanders (ANZ) broadly conceptualize—and debate—women, gender, and sexual violence on 4chan’s /pol/ board. We apply a mixed-methods approach, combining automated machine learning tools alongside expert qualitative analysis. Across nearly 300,000 posts and comments, we show how gender is constructed within this community, and the conjugal order they demand as a result. This order racially and sexually defines gender identities and norms, which are perceived as mechanisms to restore power and dominance to an ethnically and ideologically conforming in-group. Those that violate or disrupt the conjugal order are legitimized as targets of sexual, and gender-based violence. This normalizes far/extreme right gendered constructs across ANZ contexts in support of exclusivist far/extreme right ideological positions.

The Plight of the Child in Charles Dicken’s Oliver Twist and John Nkemngong Nkengasong’s Achakasara

This paper examines the ordeal of the Victorian English and Postcolonial Cameroonian children through the lenses of Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist and John Nkemngong Nkengasong’s Achakasara. Child abuse cuts across universality, timelessness, racial and gender constructs. The child in these two societal backgrounds undergoes untold suffering perpetrated by adults and their fellow children. They are exploited for commercial purposes, at the expense of their education and wellbeing. They experience physical assault through undeserved beating under the guise of domestic correction with pending eventualities being psychological trauma. A continuity of intentional abuse consciously impacts the child to view his place of birth and development as a problem. That child sees the streets as a better option. Very high probability abounds that these streets are not suitable for the developmental processes of the child but at that point, his/her actions are shaped by convictions. Dickens and Nkengasong take interest what happens to a child, in their respective societies. They pen with certainty that conventional Victorian England and contemporary Postcolonial Cameroonian societies are fraught with different shades of injustices, jeopardising the future of the younger generations. This paper is vehiculated by the Psychoanalytic theory, with focus on Anna Freud’s dimension of Psychoanalysis. Anna Freud is a child psychoanalyst concerned with the upbringing of children. The purpose of this paper is to portray the various abuses experienced by the child as demonstrated in Dickens’ Oliver Twist and Nkengasong’s Achakasara.

A Disinterment of Hushed Male-Gendered Experiences: A Study of Festus Iyayi’s Violence

This research delves into the often-silenced tribulations, struggles, and internal conflicts faced by men which remain concealed due to prevailing masculinity norms. The study critically examines the nuanced portrayal of male struggles within the cultural and traditional context of Nigeria, as depicted in the novel, Violence by Festus Iyayi. Through a meticulous application of gender normativity theory, within qualitative research framework, the work unveils the complex layers of male experiences that are typically muted by societal expectations. It interrogates the intricate dynamics of gender roles, shedding light on the silent battles against emotional repression and the quest for identity amidst rigid masculine archetypes, through an examination of the male characters experiences as depicted by the author. The research finds that societal, cultural and traditional expectations, and stereotypes placed on men contribute to their silent battles and affects their mental health in diverse ways, therefore, this study calls for relaxed and flexible male gender norms. This analysis not only contributes to a deeper understanding of male psychosocial challenges but also calls for a re-evaluation of gender constructs that dictate emotional expression and resilience.

Exploring the construction of masculinity among male K-POP fans: a case study of K-POP fandom in Makassar City within the context of social environmet and education

Background: In contemporary Indonesian society, K-Pop has emerged as a significant cultural phenomenon with a unique impact on gender perceptions. This study aims to explore the social construction of masculinity among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar, Indonesia, and examine the societal positioning of this form of masculinity. It draws on the definition of masculinity as a societal construct and examines how masculinity is shaped by social influences. Method: Utilizing Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's theory of social construction, the study views masculinity as a dynamic process involving externalization, objectivation, and internalization. It also references Janet Saltzman Chafetz's identification of areas of masculinity and R.W. Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity to understand the hierarchical nature of masculine identities. Findings: Despite the popularity of K-Pop, male fans often face negative stigma and discrimination due to perceptions of K-Pop as feminine. The study reveals how masculinity is constructed among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar and their experiences of societal discrimination. Conclusion: By analyzing these dynamics, the study contributes to a broader understanding of the diverse forms of masculinity and the impact of cultural phenomena like K-Pop on gender constructs. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study highlights the unique dynamics in the construction of masculinity among male K-Pop fans in Indonesia, revealing the complex interactions between global culture, local gender identities, and social stigma. By applying social construction theory to the K-Pop phenomenon, this study opens up new perspectives in understanding the evolution of masculinity in the era of pop culture globalization.