Gel Samples Research Articles

Comprehensive Assessment of Intradermal Responses to Hyaluronic Acid-Based Skin Injection Fillers through Multi-Pathway Dynamic Synergies

Skin injection filling products must undergo a rigorous evaluation before entering the market, and intradermal reactions are crucial for biocompatibility. However, current evaluation methods for skin injection fillers often lack precision. This study aims to explore a comprehensive evaluation method by incorporating additional indicators: dermoscopy, transepidermal water loss, moisture content, ultrasound, and histological observation. Experimental findings show sodium hyaluronate gel groups exhibited no noticeable erythema or abnormalities, except for skin swelling. The dynamic and quantitative assessment of water content and transdermal water loss provided insights into the injection site skin's edema status. Ultrasound imaging observed subcutaneous material occupation and measured skin protrusion height. Histopathological observations revealed edema and inflammation in positive groups but no significant reactions in any gel samples. The comprehensive use of these methods confirms that the intradermal response of injection fillers in this study is within an acceptable range. However, if solely evaluated based on existing standards, it may exceed the qualified range. Consequently, the study suggests that for sodium hyaluronate gel, a macromolecular injection filler for long-term subcutaneous space occupancy, the traditional intradermal reaction scoring method may be inadequate. The proposed comprehensive evaluation scheme in this study is considered a more objective approach.

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИИ ЖЕЛАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ХАРРИНГТОНА ПРИ ВЫБОРЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО СОСТАВА ПЛЁНОК И ГЕЛЯ С НАФТОХИНОНОВЫМ КОМПЛЕКСОМ

When a new pharmaceutical product development comes to the stage of selecting the optimal combination of components, researchers often need a comprehensive assessment method for experimental samples. The difficulty is caused by overall complexity of choosing the correct qualitative and quantitative parameters expressed in different units of measurement and establishing priorities between the criteria for the combined assessment. In this case membership functions can help, for example the generalized Harrington desirability function, which allows to combine individual indicators that differ in value and dimension. The article provides examples of the practical application of the generalized Harrington desirability function in assessing several parameters of experimental samples of films and gel developed by us with a naphthoquinone complex of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in order to determine the best composition of these forms. The chosen method made it possible to calculate the generalized desirability for each experimental sample, taking into account all the studied criteria and to determine the most successful experimental samples for further work.

Development of Fruit-Based Carbohydrate Gel for Endurance Athletes

The aim of this study was to produce a carbohydrate gel based on genipap and banana and analyze its physico-chemical, rheological, and sensory quality, as well as its proximate composition and antioxidant activity. Three gel samples were formulated containing different concentrations of genipap and clarified banana juice. The formulated samples followed the minimum parameters required and were subjected to analyses of their pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, glucose, fructose, sucrose, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and rheology. Commercial carbohydrate gel was used as a control sample. It can be concluded that the gel formulations were formulated following the minimum parameters required, with a moderate sensory acceptance. The physico-chemical parameters and proximate composition the developed gels were similar to the commercial gel, while their glucose, sucrose, fructose, polyphenol, and antioxidant activity contents were higher and their rheological properties were within the expected range for this category of commonly marketed products. In the two blocks of analysis mentioned above, data variability was mostly explained by PC1–PC3 at almost 100%. Rheologically, the commercial gel is considered to be a Newtonian fluid, and the developed formulations can be considered as pseudoplastic fluids due to the insoluble solids still present.

Augmentation of antifungal activity of fluconazole using a clove oil nanoemulgel formulation optimized by factorial randomized D-optimal design.

In the present study, fluconazole (FLU) showed the highest solubility in clove oil and was selected as the oil phase for the FLU-loaded nanoemulsion (FLU-NE). Among the studied cosurfactants, Labrafac was better than ethanol at providing globules with acceptable sizes and a lower polydispersity index (PDI) when Tween 80 was the surfactant. This optimized FLU-NE was thermodynamically stable. Furthermore, FLU-NE stored at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity for 6months demonstrated good stability. The FLU-NE was converted to a FLU-loaded nanoemulsion gel (FLU-NEG) using 2% w/v sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The FLU-NEG was acceptable in terms of visual appearance and spreadability. Rheological studies revealed pseudoplastic behavior for FLU-NEG. The viscosity of FLU-NEG decreased when the applied rpm was increased. FLU-NEG showed greater drug release than that from a FLU-GEL formulation. Furthermore, the FLU release from FLU-NEG followed the Higuchi model. The results from the in vitro antifungal evaluation of FLU-NEG on Candida albicans ATCC 76615 strain confirmed the increase in the antifungal activity of FLU by clove oil. Significant differences were observed in the zones of inhibition produced by FLU-NEG compared to those produced by the blank nanoemulsion gel (B-NEG), fluconazole suspension (FLU-SUS), and nystatin samples. Thus, the increase in the antifungal activity of FLU using clove oil as the oil phase in its nanoemulsion formulation was quite evident from our results. Therefore, the developed FLU-NEG could be considered a potential candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies.

Diamagnetic to Ferromagnetic Like Transition of Non-Stoichiometry Barium Titanate (BaTiO3-x) Prepared by Sol-gel Method

The oxygen vacancy properties are significant, creating ferromagnetic properties of material in metal oxide systems like dilute magnetic semiconductors. An aqueous sol-gel method has been used in the present study to synthesize non-stoichiometry BaTiO3-x polycrystalline. In an attempt of examining the oxygen deficiency consequences on the magnetic properties, the gel samples were sintered (1000◦C) at various times (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours) under a vacuum environment. This study employs an X-ray diffraction apparatus in terms of characterizing segments and structures of the samples. It also investigates morphology and element distribution on the surface of the samples exploiting an Electron microscope where Energy dispersive spectroscopy is supplied. For the purpose of characterizing the magnetic properties of the samples, it applies vibrating sample magnetometers. The chemical state of the element and its corresponding bond to other elements was identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Single-phase compounds were observed. The crystal system is tetragonal, but the crystal parameters are different. Increase sintering time leads to increase crystallite size and decrease in micro strain. Moreover, sintering in a vacuum environment results in oxygen deficiency and leads to the atomic ratio of Ba/Ti change as the sintering time increases. The Ba/Ti ratio change affects the transformation from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic-like. The elements (Ba, Ti and O) chemical state is shown and its bonding to the corresponding element along with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy pattern of the BTX2 sample. The element of oxygen binds to Ti and Ba while Ba element exists in two chemical states.

Characterization of ferrous-xylenol orange-polyvinyl alcohol gel for gamma dosimetry using spectroscopy

Abstract Fricke gel dosimeters are appropriate candidates for gamma dosimetry. Polyvinyl alcohol Fricke gel dosimeters are the most recent introduced gel dosimeters which have low ion diffusion. In this work, samples of ferrous-xylenol orange-polyvinyl alcohol gel dosimeters were prepared and characterized using optical spectroscopy. Using win XCOM program and the elemental composition of the gel, the mass attenuation coefficients for photons were evaluated. The results exhibited that the prepared gel is the nearly radiological blood-, soft tissue- and water-equivalent. The 60Co gamma cell unit was used to irradiate the gel samples. A dose range response was found linear from 10 to 30 Gy and suitable for blood irradiation dosimetry. Additionally, the gel response good repeatability was confirmed by the coefficient of variation calculations. Furthermore, chemical yield of the gel was estimated to be 34.6. The good characteristics of the prepared gel make it appropriate for dosimetry of blood irradiators.

Impact of diverse mineral hardness in electrodialysis water on the ionotropic gelation mechanism of low methoxyl pectin

In this study, the effect of desalinated lava seawater via electrodialysis (ED water) on the formation and properties of low methoxyl pectin (LMP) gels was investigated. Additionally, the syneresis, microstructure, gelation mechanism, and thermostability of the gel samples were analyzed. When the ED water content exceeded 25 %, pectin gels with viscosities and textures that differed from those of the sol were formed. The highest gel hardness (9.38 N) was observed when 50 % ED water was mixed with LMP. However, when 75 % ED water was added, the pore size of the LMP gel became the largest, and excess water was released from the gel, resulting in a weak gel strength (4.98 N). The formation and properties of the gel structure were found to be mainly due to the ionic bonds between the minerals in the ED water and the free carboxyl groups of pectin, and it was confirmed that the hydrogen bonds within the pectin chains also had an effect. These results suggest that the interaction between the ED water and LMP can be widely used in various industrial fields, including low-sugar gels or viscosity-enhancing agents with diverse rheological properties.

Enhancing uniformity and energy efficiency of microwave heating for different cavity loads: Frequency-shifting strategies using feedback signals from solid-state microwave generators

Novel solid-state generators offer precise control of the microwave field, a valuable capability for increasing energy efficiency and uniformity of heating through tailored frequency-selection strategies. Recent research, however, overlooks to test the adaptability of promising strategies to different microwave cavity loads. However, adaptability is crucial for real-world applications. Our study compared the performance of various strategies in the context of different microwave cavity loads, using cylindrical Gellan gel samples of 130 g and different diameters from 50 mm to 200 mm. Strategies using frequency-dependent feedback signals gathered by the microwave generator itself excelled in identifying optimal excitation frequencies across all investigated heating scenarios. These feedback signals identified resonant frequencies specific to each load before heating, enabling excitation at all resonant frequencies and achieving maximum uniformity at high energy efficiency. Additionally, feedback signals helped identify the most energy-efficient product before heating trials. In summary, detecting sample feedback before processing via the solid-state generator itself allows tailored responses to individual heating tasks of the microwave oven user.

Smart Hydrogel Based on Derivatives of Natural α-Amino Acids for Efficient Removal of Metal Ions from Wastewater.

A novel class of hydrogels, rich in a variety of functional groups capable of interacting/complexing with metal ions was successfully synthesized. This was achieved by using acryloyl derivatives of natural α-amino acids, specifically ornithine and cystine. The δ-amino group of ornithine was modified with an acryloyl group to facilitate its attachment to the polymer chain. Additionally, N,N'-bisacryloylcystine, derived from cystine, was employed as the cross-linker. The hydrogel was obtained through a process of free radical polymerization. This hydrogel, composed only from derivatives of natural amino acids, has proven to be a competitive sorbent and has been effectively used to remove heavy metal pollutants, mainly lead, copper, and silver ions, from aqueous media. The maximum sorption capacities were ca. 155 mg·g-1, 90 mg·g-1, and 215 mg·g-1, respectively for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ag(I). The material was characterized by effective regeneration, maintaining the sorption capacity at around 80%, 85%, and 90% for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II), respectively, even after five cycles. The properties of sorption materials, such as sorption kinetics and the effect of pH on sorption, as well as the influence of the concentration of the examined metal ions on the swelling ratio and morphology of the gel, were investigated. The EDS technique was employed to investigate the composition and element distribution in the dry gel samples. Additionally, IR spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups responsible for binding the studied metal ions, providing insights into their specific interactions with the hydrogel.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) seed starch: Understanding the impact of physical modification sequence (ultrasonication and HMT) on properties and in vitro digestibility

Native lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) seed starch (LSS) was single- and dual-modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT), ultrasonication (US), HMT followed by the US (HMT-US), and the US followed by HMT (US-HMT). The modified lotus seed starch (LSS) was evaluated for its physicochemical, pasting, thermal, and rheological properties and in vitro digestibility. All treatments decreased the swelling power (10.52–14.0 g/g), solubility (12.20–15.95 %), and amylose content (23.71–25.67 %) except for ultrasonication (17.67 g/g, 17.90 %, 29.09 %, respectively) when compared with native LSS (15.05 g/g, 16.12 %, 27.12 %, respectively). According to the rheological study, G′ (1665–4004 Pa) was greater than G″ (119–308 Pa) for all LSS gel samples demonstrating their elastic character. Moreover, gelatinization enthalpy (17.56–16.05 J/g) increased in all treatments compared to native LSS (15.38 J/g). Ultrasonication treatment improved the thermal stability of LSS. The digestibility results showed that dual modification using HMT and US significantly enhanced resistant starch (RS) and reduced slowly digestible starch (SDS) in LSS. Cracks were observed on the surface of the modified LSS granules. Peak viscosity decreased in all modified starches except for ultrasonication, suggesting their resistance to shear-thinning during cooking, making them ideal weaning food components. The results obtained after different modifications in this study could be a useful ready reference to select appropriate modification treatments to produce modified LSS with desired properties depending on their end-use.

Functionality modulation of starch from lotus rhizome using single and dual physical modification

The effects of ultrasonication (US) assisted by pre- and post-treatment of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on physicochemical, rheological, pasting, digestive, and thermal properties of lotus rhizome (LR) starch were investigated in this study. All treatments decreased the swelling power, amylose content, and peak viscosity except for the ultrasonicated sample when compared with native LR starch. All treatments showed similar diffraction patterns with different intensities. FTIR spectra characteristic peaks did not emerge or disappear after single and dual modifications. Storage modulus (G′) is greater than loss modulus (G″) for all LR starch gel samples demonstrating their elastic character. Moreover, ΔHgel (253.1–303.7 J/g) increased in all treatments. Dual modification (HMT & US) significantly enhanced resistant starch and reduced SDS in LR starches. These results could be beneficial for promoting ultrasound processing for potential uses in the food industry and starch production.

Low Resistivity Pay Zone Detection in Hydrocarbon Formation: The Feasibility of the Spectral Induced Polarization Method

Summary Identifying and characterizing low resistivity pay (LRP) zones within hydrocarbon-rich formations has long been challenging in the petroleum industry due to their complex mineral composition, microporosity, and diminished resistivity contrasts. Traditional methods, such as resistivity measurements, struggle to effectively pinpoint LRP zones, prompting the need for innovative approaches in reservoir evaluation. This paper explores the feasibility of using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method for detecting LRP zones. The SIP method measures complex conductivity across a frequency range from 1 mHz to 10 kHz. While this technique has been widely used in mining and environmental studies, its potential for petrophysics applications in the oil and gas sector remains largely unexplored. This study acts as a proof of concept, demonstrating the capability of SIP for detecting LRP zones. Laboratory experiments utilized dual-porosity silica gel samples with controlled micro- and macroporosity fractions and added pyrite content. Despite a high crude oil saturation of approximately 60%, the presence of brine in continuous micropores resulted in low resistivity readings (0.7 Ω·m) at low frequencies, as conventionally measured by direct current resistivity tools. However, at higher frequencies (>100 Hz), the study observed high average resistivity values (82 Ω·m), indicating a frequency-dependent behavior in electrical measurements. This behavior is attributed to polarization mechanisms, including the electrical double layer (EDL). This study’s findings propose the SIP method’s potential effectiveness for detecting LRP zones, paving the way for future research to delve deeper into the application of SIP in petrophysics.

Effect of microwave irradiation and conventional heating on high pressure modified white finger millet starch hydrogel properties

High pressure modified (200 MPa and 400 MPa for 10 min) white finger millet starch hydrogels were prepared with three starch concentrations (12 %, 15 % and 18 % (w/v)), by conventional heat treatment (75 °C for 12 min) and microwave treatment (50 s at 900 W, surface temperature 75 °C). The prepared hydrogels were compared to native white finger starch hydrogels for understanding the effect of modification as well as the gel synthesis method. Effect of the storage period on physical stability was evaluated for ten days by evaluating weight loss, water activity, and color. The whiteness index of the prepared hydrogel intensified during the storage period, and water activity was reduced (0.99–0.976). While stored at 4 °C, the hydrogel weight decreased due to moisture migration. The results emphasize that treatment conditions, starch modification, and concentration significantly affected water absorption. The maximum gel strength was identified for conventional heat-induced 400 MPa high-pressure modified hydrogel stored for ten days. 1H NMR relaxation time showed microwave-induced gel synthesis had a shorter relaxation time. The gel microstructure helped to correlate the swelling and gel strength increment in the modified gel sample, as it had a higher wall thickness and a smaller pore size than heat-induced hydrogels. These findings help to conclude high pressure modified white finger millet starch hydrogel synthesised by microwave irradiation can be alternative to conventional heat gelatinisation method.

Pasting, rheology, structural properties and in vitro digestibility of potato starch complexes co-gelatinized with squash polysaccharides

The effects of extraction of squash polysaccharide from water (WESP) and subcritical water (SWESP) on gelatinization, rheology, thermodynamic, micro-structure, freeze-thaw stability and digestibility of potato starch (PS) were studied. The WESP and SWESP decreased peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of PS. Conversely, the setback viscosity, pasting temperature and peak time increased. All gel samples belonged to the weak gel system. The thermodynamic and fourier spectroscopic results demonstrated a significant retardation of PS retrogradation in the presence of WESP and SWESP. It was consistent with the microstructure characterization detected by scanning electron microscopy that both WESP and SWESP had a significant inhibitory effect on the formation of the PS gel structure. Moreover, the existence of WESP and SWESP compromised the freeze-thaw stability of PS gel. Meanwhile, WESP and SWESP also affected the digestibility of PS and reduced the eGI value of PS, which was conducive to stabilizing blood sugar fluctuations. This study helped to better understand the interaction of PS with WESP/SWESP in the gel system, and supplied a way to improve the quality of PS-related products. In addition, it also contributed to the industrial production and application of WESP and SWESP.

Lubricating gel influence on vaginal microbiome sampling

Gel lubrication is routinely used during gynecological examination to prevent or reduce pain, yet its impact on microbial composition during sampling remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether lubricating gel affects the microbial composition of vaginal samples. We included 31 pregnant women presenting during their third trimester to clinics or emergency room and collected 143 unique vaginal samples for 16S amplicon microbial analysis. Vaginal samples were obtained using sterile swabs under various conditions: without gel—immediately frozen (n = 30), with gel—immediately frozen, without gel—at room temperature (RT) for 5 h before freezing, with gel—at RT for 5 h before freezing, and additional sampling after 24 h without gel—immediate freezing. We found that sample collection with gel lubrication influenced specimen quality—half of the gel samples failing to meet processing limitation compared to those without gel. The effect of gel on testing quality dissipated after 24 h. However, when samples met post-sequencing filters, gel lubrication did not alter the microbial composition, individual taxa abundance or alpha and beta diversity. We recommend sampling either before gel exposure or 24 h after. These findings underscore the importance of considering sample collection methodologies in vaginal microbiome studies to ensure high-quality microbial data for accurate analysis.

Comparison of curved and straight tip radiofrequency cannula deflection in a ballistic model

BackgroundPercutaneous pain and spine procedures play an important diagnostic and therapeutic role in the treatment of various pain diagnoses. Accurate placement of needles or cannulae during these procedures is paramount to the success of these procedures. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine and quantify the amount of deflection of radiofrequency cannulae based on curved tip versus no curved tip, using a ballistic gel tissue simulant. Materials and methodsSix different types of cannulae commonly used for spinal and peripheral nerve ablations were selected, including 18, 20, and 22 gauge curved and straight radiofrequency cannulae. Ballistic gel samples were made in molds of 40 mm and 80 mm. Each cannula was mounted in a drill press to ensure accurate trajectory. ResultsCurved RFA cannula had increased deflection when compared to straight cannula for 18-, 20-, and 22-gauge cannulae at a depth of 40 mm. Curved RFA cannula had increased deflection when compared to straight cannula for 20- and 22-gauge cannulae at a depth of 80 mm. Overall, the mean deflection for a curved cannula increased 1.9x for 20-gauge cannulae and 2.5x for 22-gauge cannulae when compared to a straight cannula. ConclusionsFor interventionalists, understanding the effects of needle or cannula shape is crucial for accurate placement. When a procedure requires additional steerability, additional deflection up to 2.5x obtained by placing a bend in the needle or cannula tip should be considered.

Performance evaluation of fracturing fluids in the presence of NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl as hydrate inhibitors for extremely low temperature stimulation applications

Naturally occurring gas hydrates are established as an abundant reserve of natural gas. Production initiatives raised challenges such as low production rate, freezing problems, water, and sand production along with geomechanical concerns. Recent studies suggest that fracturing the sediment can significantly improve the conductivity and productivity of such reserves. This study is an initiative to verify the suitability of conventionally used polymer (guar) for fracturing at extremely low temperatures along with the integration of widely available gas hydrate inhibitors for efficient stimulation. Established inhibitors such as NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl were introduced to linear and crosslinked gels to study their compatibility with the reference guar-based gels. The inhibitor integrated linear gel samples demonstrated similar performance trends to that of the reference gel establishing their compatibility with the polymer, whereas the inhibitor integrated crosslinked samples displayed deswelling nature. The low concentration inhibitor integrated linear gel samples performed superior to the reference gel whereas the high concentration sample inhibited the swelling performance of the polymer. Both the reference and inhibitor integrated linear gel samples gradually disintegrated after 48 h leaving behind soft cloudy residue, whereas the inhibitor integrated crosslinked samples rapidly released water and contracted into a solid residue which can cause serious flow related disruptions during operations and apparently damage the conductivity of the sediment for long term. This study delivers crucial understanding on how various salts interact with guar polymers at low temperatures and whether their presence can be a boon or bane during the design of a fracturing fluid.

A method for predicting needle insertion deflection in soft tissue based on cutting force identification

The deflection modeling during the insertion of bevel-tipped flexible needles into soft tissues is crucial for robot-assisted flexible needle insertion into specific target locations within the human body during percutaneous biopsy surgery. This paper proposes a mechanical model based on cutting force identification to predict the deflection of flexible needles in soft tissues. Unlike other models, this method does not require measuring Young’s modulus ( E ) and Poisson’s ratio ( ν ) of tissues, which require complex hardware to obtain. In the model, the needle puncture process is discretized into a series of uniform-depth puncture steps. The needle is simplified as a cantilever beam supported by a series of virtual springs, and the influence of tissue stiffness on needle deformation is represented by the spring stiffness coefficient of the virtual spring. By theoretical modeling and experimental parameter identification of cutting force, the spring stiffness coefficients are obtained, thereby modeling the deflection of the needle. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, the predicted model results were compared with the deflection of the puncture experiment in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel samples, and the average maximum error range predicted by the model was between 0.606 ± 0.167 mm and 1.005 ± 0.174 mm, which showed that the model can successfully predict the deflection of the needle. This work will contribute to the design of automatic control strategies for needles.

Insight into gelation quality of low‐grade surimi as affected by fava bean protein isolate

SummaryThe effect of fava bean protein isolate (FPI) at varied concentrations (1%–4%, w/w) on gelation of sardine surimi was evaluated. Breaking force, gel strength, textural profile, and water holding capacity were improved with the addition of FPI (P < 0.05). However, deformation and whiteness of gel samples decreased slightly when higher levels (3%–4%) of FPI were used (P < 0.05). The improved gel properties were supported by enhanced rheological properties (G′ and G″) of gels containing FPI. Microstructure also revealed the formation of gel network with higher connectivity in samples containing 3%–4% FPI. No major changes in the myofibrillar proteins in surimi gel were observed as determined by FTIR spectra and protein patterns. Higher scores for texture and overall likeness were obtained for surimi gel containing 3%–4% FPI. Therefore, FPI is a promising plant‐based ingredient that can effectively improve the gel properties of low‐grade sardine surimi without causing beany flavour.

Optimizing the feasibility of polyvinyl alcohol-potassium iodine gel for medical dosimeter

This work aims to improve the post stabilty of reusable potassium iodide hydrogel dosimter. A reusable and low-cost radiochromic dosimeter containing a gel matrix of polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide dye, froctose as reducing agent and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent was developed for dose calibration in radiotherapy. The gel samples were exposed to different absorbed doses using a medical linear acceleration. UV–vis Spectrophotometry was utilized to investigate the changes in optical-properties of irradiated gels with regard to peak wavelength of 353 nm. The stability of the gel (one of the most limitation of using this dosimeter) was improved significantly by the addition of certain concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide. The two-dimensional optical imaging system of charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera with a uniform RGB light-emitting-diode (LED) array source was used for diffusion coefficient purpose using two dimensional gel template. The value of diffusion coefficient reported is significant and highly reduced compared with other dosimeters reported in the literatures. Moreover, heating the improved gels to certain temperatures results in resetting their optical properties, which makes it possible to reuse for multiple times.