Gel-forming System Research Articles

Technical Implementation of the Concept of Using Gel-Forming Systems to Protect Tanks with Oil Products from Thermal Effects of a Fire

The work theoretically substantiated and practically implemented the technical solution for supplying the components of gel-forming system (GFS). This allows implementing the concept of using gels to protect tanks with oil products from thermal emission. The response time in case of fire at the unloading-loading racks is determined. Criteria for supplying GFS components for cooling the walls of railway tanks have been developed. The ejection method for supplying GFS components is defined as promising. A device that allows supplying GFS components without structural changes in standard firefighting equipment has been developed and manufactured.

Structure and Properties of the Xerogels Based on Potassium Silicate Liquid Glass and Urea.

The xerogels based on the aqueous solutions of urea in potassium silicate liquid glass (PSLG) were produced by CO2 bubbling and investigated. The structure and chemical composition of the obtained materials were analyzed. Using the SEM, XRD, IR-FT, DSC, and low energy local EDS analysis, it was recognized that the dried gels (xerogels) contained three forms of urea: oval crystals of regular shape appeared onto the surface of xerogel particles; fibrous crystals were located in the silicate matrix; and molecules/ions were incorporated into the silicate matrix. It was shown that an increase in [(NH2)2CO] in the gel-forming system promoted increased contents in crystalline forms of urea as well as the diameter of the fiber-shaped urea crystals. A rate of the urea release in water from the granulated xerogels containing 5.8, 12.6, and 17.9 wt.% of urea was determined by the photometric method. It was determined that the obtained urea-containing xerogels were characterized with a slow release of urea, which continued up to 120 days, and could be used as controlled release fertilizers containing useful nutrients (N, K).

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE STRENGTH OF HETEROGENEOUS GEL FORMING SYSTEMS BASED ON GELLING AGENTS OF POLYSACCHARIDE AND PROTEIN ORIGINS

This paper is devoted to solving an important task of the food industry - the rational use of food raw materials, including gelling agents of various origins. The innovative strategy of this study is based on the possibility of using gelatin and modified potato or pea starch, as a cheap ingredient in the production of gel semi-finished products and confectionery based on traditional, but expensive raw materials such as agar and agar from Furcellaria - furcelaran. Food gelatin (Ukraine), agar (Germany), furcelaran (Estonia), modified potato starch OPV-1 (Ukraine), modified potato starch Farinex VA-40 (Netherlands), modified pea starch Emden ESH-15 (Germany) were used in the work. The experimental study has been performed concerning the strength of gel-forming heterogeneous systems ‘gelatin - MS - agar – water’ and ‘gelatin - MS - fercellaran – water’, and homogeneous systems: ‘agar - water’, ‘fursalaran - water’, ‘gelatin – water’. Mathematical models have been obtained that relate the strength of the investigated gel-forming systems to the mass concentration of their components. The equation has been obtained that allows calculating the mass concentration of the components of the studied gel-forming compositions with the given level of strength of systems. It is shown that for a given level of strength of a heterogeneous gel-forming system there is an optimal concentration of its components in terms of the least full cost of the system. The equation that allows to calculate the optimal concentration of components of a heterogeneous gel-forming system has been obtained. The adequate mathematical model for forecasting the strength of modelling systems of gel-forming, depending on the mass concentration of components is obtained. It is envisaged to formulate the initial requirements for the parameters of gel-forming, which will allow obtaining an integral elastic structure at optimum duration of the technological process, by modelling the systems of gel-forming, as a technological system, within the framework of the functioning of individual subsystems (the creation of prescription concentrations and ratios of gel-forming agents). The obtained mathematical models can be used for the analysis of other heterogeneous gel-forming compositions in the presence of the data on the strength of such systems depending on the concentration of components.

Injectable Fiducial Marker for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Based on Gold Nanoparticles and a Body Temperature-Activated Gel-Forming System.

Injectable fiducial markers are crucial in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) due to their minimally invasive operations and improved patient compliance. This study presents the development of a ready-to-use injectable fiducial marker utilizing alginate stabilized-gold nanoparticles (alg-Au NPs) and a body temperature-activated in situ gel-forming system. Gram-scale alg-Au NPs were prepared in an hour by a green microwave-induced plasma-in-liquid process (MWPLP). Sodium alginate was introduced in this process to avoid aggregation between Au NPs, which ensured their stability and injectability. The gelation behavior of alginate with divalent cations and a temperature-dependent release of calcium source (glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and CaCO3) served as the foundation of the body temperature-activated in situ gel-forming system. The injectable fiducial marker GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs could maintain a liquid state at a low temperature for a higher injectability. After injection, on the other hand, Ca2+ would be released due to the body temperature-activated hydrolysis of GDL and the subsequent reaction with CaCO3, which would initiate the gelation of alginate. The injectable fiducial marker can be therefore delivered via injection and form gel at target site to avoid marker movement or Au NPs leakage after injection. Rheological measurements demonstrate the stability and gelation behavior of GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs at different temperatures. Furthermore, the injectability and imaging ability of GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs were also examined. In summary, ready-to-use injectable fiducial marker GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs were developed via a green and facile method for IGRT.

Improving the Quenching of the Undercarriage Space due to the Adhesive Properties of Gel-Forming Compositions

The issue of increasing the technological and technical capabilities of firefighting undercarriage space at subway stations due to more efficient, due to adhesion to the burning surfaces of gel-forming compositions is considered. It is proposed to use a special cart to deliver the gel-forming system Na2O·2,95SiO2 – CaCl2 to hard-to-reach locations of electromechanical and other equipment of electric trains. The analysis of these experiments is carried out by comparing the time and mass of spent gel-forming compositions, water, fire-extinguishing powder when extinguishing model hearths close to the real undercarriage space. It is determined that due to the adhesion of the gel to the surface of the combustible substance, it is possible to reduce the loss of extinguishing agent in comparison with water or extinguishing powder.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN-SITU GEL CONTAINING LINEZOLID IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS

Objective: The intent to prepare and evaluate Linezolid in-situ gel in the treatment of periodontitis.
 Methods: pH-sensitive in-situ gel was formed by the cold method using a varying concentration of the drug, carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) (1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5). An optimized batch was selected based on gelling time and gelling capacity. The prepared in-situ gels were evaluated for appearance, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, in vitro release studies, rheological studies, and finally, was subjected to drug content estimation and antibacterial activity test.
 Results: FTIR study shows drug and physical mixture were compatible with each other. The rheology of formulated in-situ gel exhibited a pseudoplastic flow pattern. this may be because when polymer concentration was increased the prepared formulations become more viscous and in turn delayed the drug release and from the prepared formulation, LF4 and SF4 have polymer concentrations i. e, 0.9% carbopol and sodium CMC showed drug release up to 12 h. 
 Conclusion: When carbopol is appropriately mixed with other suitable polymers it forms an in-situ gel-forming system that was substantiated by the property to transform into stiff gels when the pH is increased. The in-situ gel was prepared using a combination of carbopol-HPMC and carbopol-Na CMC The formulations LF1 to SF4 showed high linearity (R2 = 0.490-0.682), indicating that the drug was released from the prepared in-situ gel by the diffusion-controlled mechanism. Thus, the formulation of batches LF4 and SF4 containing carbopol: HPMC and carbopol: NaCMC in 1:2 ratios were considered as optimum formulation based on optimum viscosity, gelling capacity and to extend the in vitro drug release.

Phenomenological model of viscoelasticity for systems undergoing sol–gel transition

A material undergoing sol–gel transition evolves from the pre-gel (sol) state to the post-gel state through the critical gel state. It is well-known that critical gels exhibit power-law rheology. The faster decay of the relaxation modulus in the pre-gel state can be empirically described by modifying this power-law decay with a stretched exponential factor. A phenomenological analytical expression for the relaxation modulus in the post-gel state is proposed by invoking the symmetry associated with the evolution of the relaxation time on either side of the critical gel state and by accounting for natural constraints. This expression, which depends on the extent of cross-linking, can be suitably transformed to obtain analytical expressions for the dynamic moduli and the continuous relaxation time spectrum. Thus, the proposed model facilitates a comprehensive description of viscoelastic evolution from the pre-gel to the post-gel states. It is validated by carrying out experiments on a model colloidal gel-forming system and by considering other diverse gel-forming systems studied in the literature. After calibrating the parameters of the phenomenological model, it is found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data. Such a well-calibrated phenomenological model can be used to determine any linear viscoelastic response over a wide range of frequencies and extents of cross-linking encompassing the entire sol–gel transition.

Tailored Doxycycline Hyclate Loaded In Situ Gel for the Treatment of Periodontitis: Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies.

Currently, periodontitis is treated by oral dosage forms (antibiotics) which shows systemic side effects and failed to reach the therapeutic concentration (above minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) in the periodontal pocket. The present study aimed to overcome the above issues, by designing tailored doxycycline hyclate laden in situ gel by Poloxamer 407, chitosan, and polyethylene glycol 600. The in situ gel-forming system has attracted attention owing to its ability of sustained drug release above MIC, easy administration (syringeability), and high drug retention (localization) in the periodontal cavity. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to tailor and optimize the concentration of Poloxamer 407 (X1 = 14.3%), chitosan (X2 = 0.58%), and polyethylene glycol 600 (X3 = 1.14%) to achieve sufficient syringeability (149 N), t90% (1105 min), and viscosity at non-physiological condition (512 cps) and physiological condition (5415 cps). The optimized in situ gel was clear and isotonic (RBCs test). The gelation temperature of the optimized in situ was 34 ± 1°C with sufficient mucoadhesive strength (26 ± 2 dyn/cm2), gel strength (29 ± 2 sec), and texture profile for periodontal application. The in vitro drug release studies showed sustain release from optimized in situ gel (24h) in comparison to marketed gel (7h). The antimicrobial activity (cup plate technique) of the in situ gel was equivalent to the marketed doxycycline gel, which suggests that the doxycycline hyclate retained its antimicrobial efficacy when formulated as in situ gelling system. In conclusion, BBD was effectively utilized to optimize in situ gel with minimum level of polymers to achieve the required characteristics of the in situ gel for sustaining drug delivery to treat periodontitis.

Study Insulating and Cooling Properties of the Material on the Basis of Crushed Foam Glass and Determination of its Extinguishing Characteristics with the Attitude to Alcohols

To extinguish alcohols, it is proposed to use a two-layer material consisting of a layer of a light porous carrier, on which an insulating gel layer is applied. The use of crushed foam glass as a porous carrier is justified. To obtain an insulating layer of gel, it is proposed to use a gel-forming system CaCl2 + Na2 O · 2.7 SiO2 . The insulating and cooling properties with respect to the alcohols of two separate layers and the buoyancy of a crushed foam glass layer are determined. The cooling properties of the two-layer foam glass - gel material were evaluated. To increase the cooling properties of the foam glass, it is proposed to wet it. It was found that, at the same time as the cooling effect increases, wetting of the foam glass leads to a decrease in its buoyancy and insulating properties with respect to alcohol vapors. The heights of dry and wetted foam glass layers necessary to stop the combustion of one, two, and three atomic alcohols were experimentally determined. It is concluded that alcohols can be quenched with dry and moistened foam glass, both with a gel layer applied to its surface and without a gel layer.

Mathematical Modeling of Fire-Proof Efficiency of Coatings Based on Silicate Composition

The paper analyzes the scientific work on fire protection, fire resistance, mathematical modeling of fire-proof properties, mathematical planning of experiments. The factors determining the efficiency of fire-proof coating have been determined. The experimental technique for determining fire-proof efficiency as an output parameter was selected. A factor space was constructed, and an experimental plan was drawn up. Experimental studies of the fire-proof effect of the coating based on the xerogel of the gel-forming system at all points of the factor space were carried out. A regression equation was obtained that describes the effect of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the coating on its fire-proof efficiency.

Injectable chitosan/gelatin/bioactive glass nanocomposite hydrogels for potential bone regeneration: In vitro and in vivo analyses.

The present work describes in vitro and in vivo behaviors of thermosensitive composite hydrogels based on polymers/bioactive glass nanoparticles. Assays in SBF (simulated body fluid) solution showed that loss of hydrogel mass in vitro was decreased by 4.3% when bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBG) were incorporated, and confirmed the bioactivity of nBG containing hydrogels. In vitro assays demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the hydrogels with encapsulated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Crystal violet assays showed a 27% increase in cell viability when these cells were seeded in hydrogels containing nBG. In vivo biocompatibility was examined by injecting hydrogels into the dorsum of Swiss rats. The results indicated that the prepared hydrogels were nontoxic upon subcutaneous injection, and could be candidates for a safe in situ gel-forming system. Injection of the hydrogels into a rat tibial defect allowed preliminary evaluation of the hydrogels' regenerative potential. Micro Computed Tomography analysis suggested that more new tissue was formed in the defects treated with the hydrogels. Taken together, our data suggest that the developed injectable composite hydrogels possess properties which make them suitable candidates for use as temporary injectable matrices for bone regeneration.

Pharmacokinetic Studies of an In Situ Forming Gel System for Controlled Delivery of Enrofloxacin In Pigs

Pharmacokinetic Studies of an In Situ Forming Gel System for Controlled Delivery of Enrofloxacin In Pigs

Injectable simvastatin gel for minimally invasive periosteal distraction: In vitro and in vivo studies in rat.

To evaluate whether the subperiosteal injection of simvastatin (SIM) with a novel in situ gel-forming system, SrHA/Alg (strontium hydroxyapatite/alginate), can stimulate vertical bone augmentation in a rat calvarial model. The SrHA/Alg solution was synthesized and combined with different doses of SIM (0.01, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2mg) to form the following groups: (1) SrHA/Alg only, (2) SrHA/Alg/0.01, (3) SrHA/Alg/0.02, (4) SrHA/Alg/0.1, and (5) SrHA/Alg/0.2. The SIM release pattern was analyzed, and rat primary periosteum-derived cell (PDC) responses were investigated. Twenty male Wistar rats were enrolled in the calvarial subperiosteal injection experiment with each animal receiving a 200-μl single subperiosteal injection of SrHA/Alg with different amounts of SIM (0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1mg) incorporated (n=5). The 0.2mg dose group was not tested in vivo due to the severe toxicity found in vitro. The new bone formation was assessed histologically and radiologically at 8weeks. The slow release of SIM was confirmed, and PDC viability decreased in the SrHA/Alg/0.2 group. Alkaline phosphatase positive areas and mineralization areas were significantly greater in the SrHA/Alg/0.01 and SrHA/Alg/0.02 groups (p<.05). The mRNA expression level of Runx2 significantly increased in the SrHA/Alg/SIM-0.02 group by day 7 (p<.05) and significantly higher levels of VEGF were found in the SrHA/Alg/0.01 and SrHA/Alg/0.02 groups at different time points (p<.05). In vivo, no prominent clinical sign of inflammation was observed, and the most significant bone gain was shown in the SrHA/Alg/0.02 group (p<.05). The osteoclast formation within the newly formed bone area was reduced in the SrHA/Alg/0.1 group (p<.05). When combined with SrHA/Alg system, the 0.02mg SIM seemed to be the optimal dose to stimulate subperiosteal bone formation without inducing inflammation. This combination may hold potential therapeutic benefits for clinical bone augmentation in a minimally invasive manner.

Intranasally administered in situ gelling nanocomposite system of dimenhydrinate: preparation, characterization and pharmacodynamic applicability in chemotherapy induced emesis model

The aim of the current manuscript was to test the applicability of a nanocomposite system of penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) within polymeric in situ forming gel network composed of poloxamer and hyaluronic acid for the intranasal delivery of the antiemetic dimenhydrinate (DMH). PEVs were prepared using phospholipids and labrasol/transcutol/PEG 400 as penetration enhancers, and characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, zeta potential and morphology. The nanocomposite in situ forming gel system was characterized for its sol-gel temperature, viscosity and mucoadhesiveness, and was pharmacodynamically tested on a cisplatin induced emesis model in rats in terms of food, water, kaolin intake and stomach weight content. The selected PEVs formula displayed EE% of 83% for DMH, particle size of 121 nm and a surface charge of 0.83 mV. The selected nanocomposite in situ gelling formula showed a viscosity of 2.13 Pa.S, mucoadhesive force of 0.62 N and DMH controlled release over 6 hours. The pharmacodynamic study showed the superiority of the nanocomposite in situ gelling formula; being administered at a lower dose than the oral marketed formula. The described nanocomposite system proved to be successful for the intranasal delivery of DMH, thus presenting a promising delivery modality for similar antiemetics.

Optimization and evaluation of astragalus polysaccharide injectable thermoresponsive in-situ gels

The objective of this study was to develop an injectable in situ forming gel system based on Poloxamer for sustained release of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), thus achieved once or twice administration instead of frequent dosing during long-term treatment. The optimal formulation is 10 g APS, 18 g poloxamer 407, 2 g poloxamer 188, 0.15 g CMC-Na, 0.85 g sodium chloride in 100 ml gel in situ which had a preferable sol-gel transition temperature(T sol-gel) (34.1 ± 0.4°C), and good stability. In vitro release studies, all formulations containing polymer additives had prolonged release time and decreased initial burst to some extent. The optimal formulation containing 0.15% CMC-Na showed a best sustained release profile for about 132 h with the lowest initial burst in vitro about 16.30% in 12 h). In vivo, Male BALB/c mice (18–20 g) were administrated with APS in-situ gel just once, the values of immune organ indices, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, and serum IgM, IgG, IL-2 and IL-6 had significant increase, which was consistent with the mice given daily APS injections (7 times), while the above indices were increased more significantly in which administrated with APS in-situ gel twice. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Poloxamer depot is a promising carrier for the sustained release of APS with an ideal release behavior.

Cholesterol in situ forming gel loaded with doxycycline hyclate for intra-periodontal pocket delivery

Cholesterol has been widely used in drug delivery systems including implant. Doxycycline hyclate (DH)-loaded cholesterol in situ forming gels using N-methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent were prepared and investigated for their properties including viscosity, rheology, syringeability, gel formation, drug release, degradation and antimicrobial activities. The burst drug release of a DH-loaded in situ forming gel using cholesterol as the gelling agent was minimized when the amount of benzyl benzoate was increased. The viscosity of the system was increased as the amount of benzyl benzoate was increased with Newtonian flow. The systems were easy to inject into the target site because of their minimal force of syringeability. They could transform from solution into matrix-like structures, but formulations with higher concentrations of benzyl benzoate took a longer time. However, the degradability was decreased when the amount of benzyl benzoate was increased. These systems inhibited P. gingivalis, S. mutans and S. aureus effectively. DH-loaded cholesterol in situ forming gel system comprising 10% benzyl benzoate was the most suitable owing to its sustainable release manner for 10days and therefore was the proper formulation for periodontitis treatment.

EGF and curcumin co-encapsulated nanoparticle/hydrogel system as potent skin regeneration agent.

Wound healing is a complex multifactorial process that relies on coordinated signaling molecules to succeed. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogenic polypeptide that stimulates wound repair; however, precise control over its application is necessary to reduce the side effects and achieve desired therapeutic benefits. Moreover, the extensive oxidative stress during the wound healing process generally inhibits repair of the injured tissues. Topical applications of antioxidants like curcumin (Cur) could protect tissues from oxidative damage and significantly improve tissue remodeling. To achieve much accelerated wound healing effects, we designed a novel dual drug co-loaded in situ gel-forming nanoparticle/hydrogel system (EGF-Cur-NP/H) which acted not only as a supportive matrix for the regenerative tissue, but also as a sustained drug depot for EGF and Cur. In the established excisional full-thickness wound model, EGF-Cur-NP/H treatment significantly enhanced wound closure through increasing granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, relative to normal saline, nanoparticle/hydrogel (NP/H), Cur-NP/H, and EGF-NP/H treated groups. In conclusion, this study provides a biocompatible in situ gel-forming system for efficient topical application of EGF and Cur in the landscape of tissue repair.

Stable thermosensitive in situ gel-forming systems based on the lyophilizate of chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate salts

In the present study, lyophilization was attempted to improve the long-term storage of CS/GP thermogelling systems for biopharmaceutical applications. After lyophilization, CS/α,β-GP lyophilizate could not be dissolved in water, but some metal salts, such as NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 surprisingly facilitated its dissolution. X-ray powder diffraction analysis suggested that calcium ions might preferentially form salts with α,β-GP, inhibit the transfer of protons from CS to α,β-GP, and then inhibit the aggregation of CS molecules during lyophilization. Comparison of the freshly prepared CS/α,β-GP/salt solutions and the reconstituted solutions from lyophilizates showed that lyophilization clearly influenced the properties of reconstituted CS/α,β-GP/salt solutions such as gelation time, viscosity, and pH. Furthermore, the reconstituted CS/α,β-GP/CaCl2 solutions maintained thermogelling properties and formed hydrogels at 37°C within approximately 5min, but did not form hydrogels at 20°C and 4°C over 2 weeks. The model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) was further incorporated into the CS/α,β-GP/CaCl2 system. In vitro release experiments showed the sustained release of BSA from CS/α,β-GP/CaCl2 hydrogels in a pH-sensitive manner, demonstrating that CS/α,β-GP/CaCl2 may be useful as an in situ gel-forming system.

Hybrid Starlike Block Copolymer POSS–(PDMAEMA-b-PNIPAm)8: Thermal Gelation and Its Blends with Poly(vinyl alcohol)

A novel thermogelling polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane–poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide), POSS–(PDMAEMA-b-PNIPAm)8, star-shaped block copolymer was synthesized by using RAFT polymerization. In aqueous solution this copolymer (≥10 wt %) underwent sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increased. The network structure and rheology properties of POSS–(PDMAEMA-b-PNIPAm)8 block copolymers could be facilely tuned by blending the poly(vinyl alcohol) into the in situ forming gel system. The presence of PVA could enhance not only the rheological properties but also the thermal sensitivity of the hydrogels. It was observed that the highest storage modulus G′, which is 25 times larger than that of pure star-shaped block copolymer gel, was achieved with 3 wt % content of PVA in the mixture. Moreover, it was found that the addition of PVA could markedly counteract the effect of intramolecular interaction of “arms”. Network structures formed by physically close-packed star-shaped p...

In situ gel-forming AP-57 peptide delivery system for cutaneous wound healing

In situ gel-forming system as local drug delivery system in dermal traumas has generated a great interest. Accumulating evidence shows that antimicrobial peptides play pivotal roles in the process of wound healing. Here in this study, to explore the potential application of antimicrobial peptide in wound healing, biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)-Pluronic L35-poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA-L35-PLLA) was developed at first. Then based on this polymer, an injectable in situ gel-forming system composed of human antimicrobial peptides 57 (AP-57) loaded nanoparticles and thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared and applied for cutaneous wound healing. AP-57 peptides were enclosed with biocompatible nanoparticles (AP-57-NPs) with high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. AP-57-NPs were further encapsulated in a thermosensitive hydrogel (AP-57-NPs-H) to facilitate its application in cutaneous wound repair. As a result, AP-57-NPs-H released AP-57 in an extended period and exhibited quite low cytotoxicity and high anti-oxidant activity in vitro. Moreover, AP-57-NPs-H was free-flowing liquid at room temperature, and can form non-flowing gel without any crosslink agent upon applied on the wounds. In vivo wound healing assay using full-thickness dermal defect model of SD rats indicated that AP-57-NPs-H could significantly promote wound healing. At day 14 after operation, AP-57-NPs-H treated group showed nearly complete wound closure of 96.78±3.12%, whereas NS, NPs-H and AP-57-NPs group recovered by about 68.78±4.93%, 81.96±3.26% and 87.80±4.62%, respectively. Histopathological examination suggested that AP-57-NPs-H could promote cutaneous wound healing through enhancing granulation tissue formation, increasing collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis in the wound tissue. Therefore, AP-57-NPs-H might have potential application in wound healing.